基于相移光纤光栅的掺铒光纤激光器研究
|
摘要
随着激光技术的不断发展,掺铒光纤激光器凭借其增益窗口宽、插入损耗小等优点获得了人们广泛的关注,目前己在光通信、光传感、激光加工、精密干涉测量、全息照相等许多领域获得了重要的应用。
本文提出了一种新型的掺铒光纤激光器,采用环形腔结构,利用一个均匀光纤布拉格光栅和一个相移光纤光栅组成滤波器,通过精心设计两个光栅的传输特性参数来实现高性能激光的输出。完成的主要工作如下：
(1)对掺铒光纤激光器进行了详细的理论分析,讨论了粒子的三种基本跃迁过程,分析了粒子数反转的条件；介绍了铒离子的能级系统,并在三能级系统的基础上写出了掺铒光纤的增益特性公式,分析了受激吸收截面和受激辐射截面,简要介绍了谱线加宽的概念和机理；基于环形腔的设计结构分析了环形腔的特性和优点,简要介绍了模式选择理论和方法,详细推导了行波速率方程,为仿真模型的建立提供了理论支持。
(2)分别利用耦合模理论和传输矩阵理论对均匀光纤光栅和相移光纤光栅的传输特性进行分析,并研究了不同光栅参数对光栅光谱特性的影响；分析了由均匀光纤光栅和相移光纤光栅组合而成的滤波器,得出了其透射谱,并利用切趾光栅改善了滤波器的传输特性。
(3)建立了系统的时域模型和频域模型,通过设定不同的参数对系统进行仿真,得出了激光的波长、功率、线宽以及激光器的效率等输出参数,并讨论了不同的掺铒光纤长度、泵浦功率和耦合器输出分光比对激光器输出的影响,提出了优化建议。
通过以上工作得出了合理的结论,对于实际研究制作光纤激光器有很好的指导意义。
With the development of laser technology, erbium-doped fiber lasers get widespread attention due to its wide gain window, low insertion loss and so on. At present they have been utilized in the optical communications, light sensing, laser processing, precision interferometry, holography and many other important areas of applications.
In this dissertation, a novel erbium-doped fiber laser is proposed. It consists of a ring cavity and a filter which is composed of a uniform fiber Bragg grating and a phase-shifted fiber grating. Laser with high performance is achieved by designing transmission parameters of the gratings accurately.The main research works are listed as below.
(1)The erbium-doped fiber laser is analyzed theoretically in detail. The three basic transition processes and the energy-level systems are described. As a result, the gain formula, the spectrum broadening formula and the rate equations of erbium-doped fiber are obtained. The stimulated absorption cross-section and stimulated emission cross-section of erbium-doped fiber are analyzed. The characteristics of the ring cavity and mode selection methods are introduced briefly. The rate equations of traveling wave are discussed based on ring cavity structure. These offer the foundation of simulating models theoretically.
(2)The transmission characteristics of uniform fiber grating are analyzed by using the coupled-mode theory and the transmission characteristics of phase-shifted fiber grating by using the transfer matrix theory. The influences on the grating spectral characteristics of different grating parameters are investigated. The transmission characteristics of the filter is improved by using apodized gratings.
(3)The time-domain model and frequency-domain model are both established. Then the system is simulated by inputting different parameters. The output parameters are obtained including wavelength, power, width and efficiency of the laser. The results are discussed in the conditions of different fiber lengths, different pump power and different output ratios. Some suggestions are proposed at last.
A reasonable conclusion is obtained from the above work. It offers a good guide to make fiber lasers.
本文提出了一种新型的掺铒光纤激光器,采用环形腔结构,利用一个均匀光纤布拉格光栅和一个相移光纤光栅组成滤波器,通过精心设计两个光栅的传输特性参数来实现高性能激光的输出。完成的主要工作如下：
(1)对掺铒光纤激光器进行了详细的理论分析,讨论了粒子的三种基本跃迁过程,分析了粒子数反转的条件；介绍了铒离子的能级系统,并在三能级系统的基础上写出了掺铒光纤的增益特性公式,分析了受激吸收截面和受激辐射截面,简要介绍了谱线加宽的概念和机理；基于环形腔的设计结构分析了环形腔的特性和优点,简要介绍了模式选择理论和方法,详细推导了行波速率方程,为仿真模型的建立提供了理论支持。
(2)分别利用耦合模理论和传输矩阵理论对均匀光纤光栅和相移光纤光栅的传输特性进行分析,并研究了不同光栅参数对光栅光谱特性的影响；分析了由均匀光纤光栅和相移光纤光栅组合而成的滤波器,得出了其透射谱,并利用切趾光栅改善了滤波器的传输特性。
(3)建立了系统的时域模型和频域模型,通过设定不同的参数对系统进行仿真,得出了激光的波长、功率、线宽以及激光器的效率等输出参数,并讨论了不同的掺铒光纤长度、泵浦功率和耦合器输出分光比对激光器输出的影响,提出了优化建议。
通过以上工作得出了合理的结论,对于实际研究制作光纤激光器有很好的指导意义。
With the development of laser technology, erbium-doped fiber lasers get widespread attention due to its wide gain window, low insertion loss and so on. At present they have been utilized in the optical communications, light sensing, laser processing, precision interferometry, holography and many other important areas of applications.
In this dissertation, a novel erbium-doped fiber laser is proposed. It consists of a ring cavity and a filter which is composed of a uniform fiber Bragg grating and a phase-shifted fiber grating. Laser with high performance is achieved by designing transmission parameters of the gratings accurately.The main research works are listed as below.
(1)The erbium-doped fiber laser is analyzed theoretically in detail. The three basic transition processes and the energy-level systems are described. As a result, the gain formula, the spectrum broadening formula and the rate equations of erbium-doped fiber are obtained. The stimulated absorption cross-section and stimulated emission cross-section of erbium-doped fiber are analyzed. The characteristics of the ring cavity and mode selection methods are introduced briefly. The rate equations of traveling wave are discussed based on ring cavity structure. These offer the foundation of simulating models theoretically.
(2)The transmission characteristics of uniform fiber grating are analyzed by using the coupled-mode theory and the transmission characteristics of phase-shifted fiber grating by using the transfer matrix theory. The influences on the grating spectral characteristics of different grating parameters are investigated. The transmission characteristics of the filter is improved by using apodized gratings.
(3)The time-domain model and frequency-domain model are both established. Then the system is simulated by inputting different parameters. The output parameters are obtained including wavelength, power, width and efficiency of the laser. The results are discussed in the conditions of different fiber lengths, different pump power and different output ratios. Some suggestions are proposed at last.
A reasonable conclusion is obtained from the above work. It offers a good guide to make fiber lasers.
引文
[1]周炳琨,高以智,陈倜嵘,陈家骅.激光原理.第6版.北京.国防工业出版社.2009
[2]蓝信钜等.激光技术.(第三版).北京.科学出版社.2009
[3]陈家璧.激光原理及应用.北京.电子工业出版社.2004
[4]胡庆,王敏琦.光纤通信系统与网络.北京.电子工业出版社.2006
[5]Ibsen M, Fu A, Geiger H, Laming R I. All-Fiber 4*10Gbit/s WDM Link with DFB Fiber Laser Transmitters and Single Sinc-Sampled Fiber Grating Disperation Compensator. Electronics Letters.1999.35(12).982-983
[6]Chang D L, Lee H K, Kim K H. Cascaded Raman Fiber Lser Operating at 1.48 μm. Electronics Letters.1999.35(22).1951-1952
[7]Kim N S et al.1239/1484 nm Cascaded Phosphosilicate Raman Fiber Laser with CW Output Power of 1.36 W at 1484 nm Pumped by CW Yb-doped Double-clad Fiber Laser at 1064 nm and Spectral Continuum Generation. Optics Communications.2000.176(1).219-222
[8]李平雪,张雪霞,刘志.980nm双包层光子晶体光纤激光器.激光与红外.2011.41(2).141-144
[9]陈鹤鸣,赵新彦.激光原理及应用.北京.电子工业出版社.2009
[10]张文启,葛廷武,于峰,代京京,王璞,王智勇.全正色散被动锁模掺镱全光纤环形激光器.激光与红外.2011.41(1).54-57
[11]李莉,曾文锋,江恒,卢常勇,刘洋,刘旭.掺铥光纤激光器研究进展.激光杂志.2011.32(1).60-61
[12]李川,张以谟,赵永贵,李立京.光纤光栅：原理、技术与传感应用.北京.科学出版社.2005
[13]宁提纲,张劲松,裴丽,简水生.光纤光栅激光器.光通信研究.2000.3.38-42
[14]俞力,宋跃江,张旭苹.单纵模波长可开关的环形腔光纤激光器.中国激光.2009.36(7).1890-1893
[15]CHEN Guo-jie, HUANG De-xiu, ZHANG Xin-liang, CAO Hui. Single-longitudinal-mode Dual-Wavelength Fiber Ring Laser by Cascading Two Filters and Using a Saturable Absorber.光子学报.2009.38(3).500-502
[16]杨青,俞本立,甄胜来,孙志培,吴海滨.可调谐掺铒光纤环形腔单纵模激光器.安徽大学学报(自然科学版).2003.27.49-52
[17]王天枢,郭玉彬,王珂,霍佳丽.可调谐单纵模光纤激光器模式特性研究.光电子·激光.2008.19.31-33
[18]Shamoon D M, Elmirghani J M H, Cryan R A. Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier Systems with Fiber Bragg Grating Optical Filters. Journal of Optical Communications.1999.20(5).188-193
[19]N. Lizarraga, N. P. Puente, E. I. Chaikina, T. A. Leskova, and E. R. Mendez. Single-mode Er-doped fiber random laser with distributed Bragg grating feedback. Optics Express.2009.17. 395-404
[20]陈柏,范薇,李学春,陈嘉琳,乔启全,陈绍和,林尊琪.稳定运行的相移DFB单纵模单偏振掺Yb光纤激光器.中国激光.2002.29.512
[21]薛亦元,安宏林,傅立斌,林祥芝,刘弘度.单频窄线宽分布布拉格反射光纤激光器研究.光学学报.2000.20.1251～1254
[22]Xiangfei Chen, Jiangping Yao, Fei Zeng and Zhichao Deng. Single-Longitudinal-Mode Fiber Ring Laser Employing an Equivalent Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Grating. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.2005.17.1390-1392
[23]刘艳,汪磊石,陶沛琳,冯素春,尹国路,任文华,谭中伟,简水生.波长可调谐取样光纤光栅激光器的输出特性研究.物理学报.2011.60(2).287-293
[24]Chen Weiguo, Lou Shuqin, Wang Liwen, Li Honglei, Guo Tieying and Jian Shuisheng. Switchable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on the photonic crystal fiber loop mirror and chirped fiber Bragg grating. Optoelectronics Letters.2010.6(2).94-97
[25]张艳,陈伟,任民,鞠昱,韩威,张邦宏,张雅丽,谢亮,祝宁华.稳定可调谐的单纵模多环形腔掺铒光纤激光器.光学学报.2008.28(3).507-511
[26]肖鸿飞,任建华.环行腔掺铒光纤激光器调谐实验研究.激光杂志.2010.31(4).13-14
[27]Paul S.Westbrook, Kazi S.Abedin, Jeffrey W.Nicholson, Tristan Kremp and Jerome Porque. Raman fiber distributed feedback lasers. Optics Letters.2011.36(15).2895-2897
[28]Alex Dergachev. Pulsed, single-frequency, ring laser with a holographic output coupler. OPTICS EXPRESS.2011.19(7).6797-6806
[29]Jose A.P. Morgado, Carlos A.F. Fernandes, Jose B.M. Boavida. Novel DFB laser structure suitable for stable single longitudinal mode operation. Optics & Laser Technology.2010.42. 975-984
[30]庞璐.基于光纤环形腔的掺铒光纤激光器的研究[学位论文].天津.天津大学.2006
[31]C. Randy Giles, Emmanuel Desurvire. Modeling Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers. Journal of Lightwave Technology.1991.9.271-283
[32]陈根祥,路慧敏,陈勇,宁提纲.光纤通信技术基础.北京.高等教育出版社.2010
[33]Hill K O, Fujii Y, Johnson D C,Kawasaki B S. Photosensitivity in Optical Fiber Waveguides: Application to Reflection Fabrication. Applied Rhisics Letters.1978.32(10).647-649
[34]Kawasaki B S, Hill K O, Johnson D C, Fujii Y. Narrow-Band Bragg Reflections in Optical Fibers. Optics Letters.1978.3.66-68
[35]张自嘉.光纤光栅理论基础与传感技术.北京.科学出版社.2009
[36]张自嘉,王昌明.光纤光栅传输矩阵研究.光子学报.2007.36.1073-1077
[37]虞倩,沈常宇.相移光纤光栅透射光谱特性研究.中国计量学院学报.2009.20(4).324-327
[38]肖永良.相移光纤光栅光谱特性分析.科学技术与工程.2008.8(9).2462-2464
[39]朱丹丹,程淑红,陈颖,李志全.相移长周期光纤光栅传输谱的仿真分析.仪器仪表学报.2006.27.1063-1064
[40]蔡晓锋,赵岩.DFB光纤激光器中相移光栅优化分析.中国电子科学研究院学报.2010.5(1).53-56
[41]邢炬岩.新型环形腔掺铒光纤激光器的研究[学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2007
[42]俞谦,崔景翠,王四海,刘小明,范崇澄.数值模拟掺铒光纤放大器的新方法.中国激光.1999.26(7).585-588
[2]蓝信钜等.激光技术.(第三版).北京.科学出版社.2009
[3]陈家璧.激光原理及应用.北京.电子工业出版社.2004
[4]胡庆,王敏琦.光纤通信系统与网络.北京.电子工业出版社.2006
[5]Ibsen M, Fu A, Geiger H, Laming R I. All-Fiber 4*10Gbit/s WDM Link with DFB Fiber Laser Transmitters and Single Sinc-Sampled Fiber Grating Disperation Compensator. Electronics Letters.1999.35(12).982-983
[6]Chang D L, Lee H K, Kim K H. Cascaded Raman Fiber Lser Operating at 1.48 μm. Electronics Letters.1999.35(22).1951-1952
[7]Kim N S et al.1239/1484 nm Cascaded Phosphosilicate Raman Fiber Laser with CW Output Power of 1.36 W at 1484 nm Pumped by CW Yb-doped Double-clad Fiber Laser at 1064 nm and Spectral Continuum Generation. Optics Communications.2000.176(1).219-222
[8]李平雪,张雪霞,刘志.980nm双包层光子晶体光纤激光器.激光与红外.2011.41(2).141-144
[9]陈鹤鸣,赵新彦.激光原理及应用.北京.电子工业出版社.2009
[10]张文启,葛廷武,于峰,代京京,王璞,王智勇.全正色散被动锁模掺镱全光纤环形激光器.激光与红外.2011.41(1).54-57
[11]李莉,曾文锋,江恒,卢常勇,刘洋,刘旭.掺铥光纤激光器研究进展.激光杂志.2011.32(1).60-61
[12]李川,张以谟,赵永贵,李立京.光纤光栅：原理、技术与传感应用.北京.科学出版社.2005
[13]宁提纲,张劲松,裴丽,简水生.光纤光栅激光器.光通信研究.2000.3.38-42
[14]俞力,宋跃江,张旭苹.单纵模波长可开关的环形腔光纤激光器.中国激光.2009.36(7).1890-1893
[15]CHEN Guo-jie, HUANG De-xiu, ZHANG Xin-liang, CAO Hui. Single-longitudinal-mode Dual-Wavelength Fiber Ring Laser by Cascading Two Filters and Using a Saturable Absorber.光子学报.2009.38(3).500-502
[16]杨青,俞本立,甄胜来,孙志培,吴海滨.可调谐掺铒光纤环形腔单纵模激光器.安徽大学学报(自然科学版).2003.27.49-52
[17]王天枢,郭玉彬,王珂,霍佳丽.可调谐单纵模光纤激光器模式特性研究.光电子·激光.2008.19.31-33
[18]Shamoon D M, Elmirghani J M H, Cryan R A. Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier Systems with Fiber Bragg Grating Optical Filters. Journal of Optical Communications.1999.20(5).188-193
[19]N. Lizarraga, N. P. Puente, E. I. Chaikina, T. A. Leskova, and E. R. Mendez. Single-mode Er-doped fiber random laser with distributed Bragg grating feedback. Optics Express.2009.17. 395-404
[20]陈柏,范薇,李学春,陈嘉琳,乔启全,陈绍和,林尊琪.稳定运行的相移DFB单纵模单偏振掺Yb光纤激光器.中国激光.2002.29.512
[21]薛亦元,安宏林,傅立斌,林祥芝,刘弘度.单频窄线宽分布布拉格反射光纤激光器研究.光学学报.2000.20.1251～1254
[22]Xiangfei Chen, Jiangping Yao, Fei Zeng and Zhichao Deng. Single-Longitudinal-Mode Fiber Ring Laser Employing an Equivalent Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Grating. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.2005.17.1390-1392
[23]刘艳,汪磊石,陶沛琳,冯素春,尹国路,任文华,谭中伟,简水生.波长可调谐取样光纤光栅激光器的输出特性研究.物理学报.2011.60(2).287-293
[24]Chen Weiguo, Lou Shuqin, Wang Liwen, Li Honglei, Guo Tieying and Jian Shuisheng. Switchable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on the photonic crystal fiber loop mirror and chirped fiber Bragg grating. Optoelectronics Letters.2010.6(2).94-97
[25]张艳,陈伟,任民,鞠昱,韩威,张邦宏,张雅丽,谢亮,祝宁华.稳定可调谐的单纵模多环形腔掺铒光纤激光器.光学学报.2008.28(3).507-511
[26]肖鸿飞,任建华.环行腔掺铒光纤激光器调谐实验研究.激光杂志.2010.31(4).13-14
[27]Paul S.Westbrook, Kazi S.Abedin, Jeffrey W.Nicholson, Tristan Kremp and Jerome Porque. Raman fiber distributed feedback lasers. Optics Letters.2011.36(15).2895-2897
[28]Alex Dergachev. Pulsed, single-frequency, ring laser with a holographic output coupler. OPTICS EXPRESS.2011.19(7).6797-6806
[29]Jose A.P. Morgado, Carlos A.F. Fernandes, Jose B.M. Boavida. Novel DFB laser structure suitable for stable single longitudinal mode operation. Optics & Laser Technology.2010.42. 975-984
[30]庞璐.基于光纤环形腔的掺铒光纤激光器的研究[学位论文].天津.天津大学.2006
[31]C. Randy Giles, Emmanuel Desurvire. Modeling Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers. Journal of Lightwave Technology.1991.9.271-283
[32]陈根祥,路慧敏,陈勇,宁提纲.光纤通信技术基础.北京.高等教育出版社.2010
[33]Hill K O, Fujii Y, Johnson D C,Kawasaki B S. Photosensitivity in Optical Fiber Waveguides: Application to Reflection Fabrication. Applied Rhisics Letters.1978.32(10).647-649
[34]Kawasaki B S, Hill K O, Johnson D C, Fujii Y. Narrow-Band Bragg Reflections in Optical Fibers. Optics Letters.1978.3.66-68
[35]张自嘉.光纤光栅理论基础与传感技术.北京.科学出版社.2009
[36]张自嘉,王昌明.光纤光栅传输矩阵研究.光子学报.2007.36.1073-1077
[37]虞倩,沈常宇.相移光纤光栅透射光谱特性研究.中国计量学院学报.2009.20(4).324-327
[38]肖永良.相移光纤光栅光谱特性分析.科学技术与工程.2008.8(9).2462-2464
[39]朱丹丹,程淑红,陈颖,李志全.相移长周期光纤光栅传输谱的仿真分析.仪器仪表学报.2006.27.1063-1064
[40]蔡晓锋,赵岩.DFB光纤激光器中相移光栅优化分析.中国电子科学研究院学报.2010.5(1).53-56
[41]邢炬岩.新型环形腔掺铒光纤激光器的研究[学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2007
[42]俞谦,崔景翠,王四海,刘小明,范崇澄.数值模拟掺铒光纤放大器的新方法.中国激光.1999.26(7).585-588