外墙无机复合保温材料研究
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摘要
保温材料作为外墙保温体系中最主要的部件,直接决定着保温体系的质量、寿命和节能减排效果。目前市场上常见保温材料大部分为有机保温材料,因不能满足A级燃烧性能要求被国家明令全面禁止使用。而传统的无机保温材料虽能满足A级燃烧性能要求,但又普遍存在透气性差,吸水率大,强度不够,隔热性能不完全达标,生产工艺较为繁琐等问题。为此,本文通过一系列实验研究,研制出一款新型外墙无机复合保温材料,其在达到A级燃烧性能的基础上,还具备隔热保温,透气性好,强度适中,制作工艺简单,生产成本低,对环境污染小的优点。
本文采用膨胀珍珠岩、氢氧化镁、氯化镁、滑石粉、动植物蛋白发泡剂制成了无机复合保温材料试样,然后进行透气性测试、吸水性试验、保温隔热性测试、以及机械强度测试,并得到以下主要结论：
(1)在常温常压下,采用珍珠岩30%,氢氧化镁35%,氯化镁25%,滑石粉10%,发泡剂用量为10L/1m3的配方成形性较好,且其保温性能是最好的。
(2)制备的无机复合保温材料的透气性远好于对比样品有机保温材料,这是由于有机材料的结构相对于无机更加致密,气孔较少等因素所致。
(3)无机材料的吸水性能不如有机材料,需要进行防水结构设计。
(4)无机保温材料的抗压性能好于有机保温材料。
综上所述：虽然无机材料的吸水性稍差,但其他方面,无机保温材料都优于有机保温材料。特别是满足A级燃烧性能方面,是有机材料所不能达到的。
本文在一系列仪器设备上进行了简单的、操作较为安全的性能测试,最终确认了新型保温材料性能的优异性。
The most important part of external wall insulation is the insulation, which determines its quality and effect of saving energy and reducing pollution. But in the current market, the insulation material is mainly organic. The organic heat preservation material is prohibited to use by state because it can't meet the level A fire performance requirements. Though the traditional inorganic heat preservation material can meet level A fire performance requirements, it also exists some problems such as the poor ventilation, non-standard combustion-resistant property, not strong enough, and the complicated production process. As a result, we did a series of experiments and then developed a new type of inorganic insulation material. It can not only reach level A combustion performance, but also has some advantages, such as heat insulation, good permeability, moderate strength, simple manufacturing process, the production of low cost, less pollution to the environment, and so on.
In this paper, the sample of inorganic compound heat preservation material is made from expansion perlite, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium chloride, talcum powder, animal and plant protein foaming agent. We had permeability test, water absorption insulation test, mechanical strength and stays test, and get the following main conclusion:
(1) At room temperature and atmospheric pressure, the formula with 30% perlite, 35% magnesium hydroxide, magnesium chloride 25%,10% talc, blowing amount of 10L/1m3 not only takes shape better, but also its thermal performance is the best.
(2) Permeability of Inorganic composite insulation materials prepared is much better than that comparison samples of organic insulation materials, because the structure of the organic material is much denser than inorganic materials, and its pores are less.
(3) Bibulous performance of inorganic materials is not better than that of organic materials.
(4) Compression performance of inorganic insulation materials is better than that of organic insulation materials.
To sum up, although water absorption of inorganic materials is a bit poor, but inorganic heat preservation material are better than organic heat preservation material in other areas, especially to meet level A combustion performance, that is the organic materials can not achieve.
In this paper, a range of existing, relatively safe operation of the performance had been tested and finally confirmed the superiority of the new insulation material.
本文采用膨胀珍珠岩、氢氧化镁、氯化镁、滑石粉、动植物蛋白发泡剂制成了无机复合保温材料试样,然后进行透气性测试、吸水性试验、保温隔热性测试、以及机械强度测试,并得到以下主要结论：
(1)在常温常压下,采用珍珠岩30%,氢氧化镁35%,氯化镁25%,滑石粉10%,发泡剂用量为10L/1m3的配方成形性较好,且其保温性能是最好的。
(2)制备的无机复合保温材料的透气性远好于对比样品有机保温材料,这是由于有机材料的结构相对于无机更加致密,气孔较少等因素所致。
(3)无机材料的吸水性能不如有机材料,需要进行防水结构设计。
(4)无机保温材料的抗压性能好于有机保温材料。
综上所述：虽然无机材料的吸水性稍差,但其他方面,无机保温材料都优于有机保温材料。特别是满足A级燃烧性能方面,是有机材料所不能达到的。
本文在一系列仪器设备上进行了简单的、操作较为安全的性能测试,最终确认了新型保温材料性能的优异性。
The most important part of external wall insulation is the insulation, which determines its quality and effect of saving energy and reducing pollution. But in the current market, the insulation material is mainly organic. The organic heat preservation material is prohibited to use by state because it can't meet the level A fire performance requirements. Though the traditional inorganic heat preservation material can meet level A fire performance requirements, it also exists some problems such as the poor ventilation, non-standard combustion-resistant property, not strong enough, and the complicated production process. As a result, we did a series of experiments and then developed a new type of inorganic insulation material. It can not only reach level A combustion performance, but also has some advantages, such as heat insulation, good permeability, moderate strength, simple manufacturing process, the production of low cost, less pollution to the environment, and so on.
In this paper, the sample of inorganic compound heat preservation material is made from expansion perlite, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium chloride, talcum powder, animal and plant protein foaming agent. We had permeability test, water absorption insulation test, mechanical strength and stays test, and get the following main conclusion:
(1) At room temperature and atmospheric pressure, the formula with 30% perlite, 35% magnesium hydroxide, magnesium chloride 25%,10% talc, blowing amount of 10L/1m3 not only takes shape better, but also its thermal performance is the best.
(2) Permeability of Inorganic composite insulation materials prepared is much better than that comparison samples of organic insulation materials, because the structure of the organic material is much denser than inorganic materials, and its pores are less.
(3) Bibulous performance of inorganic materials is not better than that of organic materials.
(4) Compression performance of inorganic insulation materials is better than that of organic insulation materials.
To sum up, although water absorption of inorganic materials is a bit poor, but inorganic heat preservation material are better than organic heat preservation material in other areas, especially to meet level A combustion performance, that is the organic materials can not achieve.
In this paper, a range of existing, relatively safe operation of the performance had been tested and finally confirmed the superiority of the new insulation material.
引文
[1]JGJ144-2004(2005版),外墙外保温工程技术规程[S].
[2]10J121(2010版), 《外墙外保温建筑构造》[S].
[3]宋长友,陈丹林,黄振利,等.高层建筑耐火外墙外保温系统技术研究[J].建筑科学,2008,24(2).
[4]公安部消防局编.建筑消防设施工程技术[M].北京：新华出版社,1998.
[5]曹勇兵.建筑外墙保温系统的防火安全隐患解析[J].安全,2009,8.
[6]视新址“2.9”火灾——兼论我国城市建设灾害风险的警示分析[J].住宅产业,2009.04.
[7]龚常.谁来扑灭肆虐的城市烈焰?——我国新世纪四起特大城市火灾追忆[J].城市记忆.2011.01,
[8]杨宗焜杨玉楠华校生孙伟东.从建筑保温材料的源头遏制建筑火灾隐患的设想和建议[J].建筑节能,2009.09.
[9]张洪飞,刘玉鸿等.珍珠岩的深加工现状[J].世界地质,1996,15(3)：56-59.
[10]. Yilmaz and H. Yucel. Technical note hydrothermal treatment of perlite with caustic soda to produce metal silicate solutions. Mineral Engineering [J].2001,14 (11):1535-1548.
[11]Ramazan Demirboga, et al.. Effects of expanded perlite aggregate and mineral admixtures on the compressive strength of lowdensity concretes [J]. Cement and Concrete Research,2001,15(31):1627- 1632.
[12]管俊芳等.珍珠岩的加工和综合利用[J].化工矿物与加工,2003(4).
[13]陆凯安.膨胀珍珠岩及其制品的新用途和发展趋势[J].新型建筑材料,2007(7).
[14]王玉婷,蒋友新,李玉香,郑爱国,康祥梅.发泡剂在水泥基多孔吸声混凝土中的应用[A].原材料及辅助物料,2008,4(03)：42-46.
[15]孙成才,霍冀川,刘才林,吴瑞荣,卢忠远.混凝土发泡剂的复配研究[A].宁夏工程技术,2007,6(02)：127-132.
[16]王清香.菱镁水泥改性探讨[J].甘肃水利水电技术,2001(3).
[17]崔春龙,冯启明,童光庆等.抑制菱镁制品返卤泛霜新方法的试验研究[J].非金属矿,2002,21(1)：18-19.
[18]崔洪涛等.超轻菱镁发泡材料的试验研究[J].21世纪建筑材料,2010(2).
[2]10J121(2010版), 《外墙外保温建筑构造》[S].
[3]宋长友,陈丹林,黄振利,等.高层建筑耐火外墙外保温系统技术研究[J].建筑科学,2008,24(2).
[4]公安部消防局编.建筑消防设施工程技术[M].北京：新华出版社,1998.
[5]曹勇兵.建筑外墙保温系统的防火安全隐患解析[J].安全,2009,8.
[6]视新址“2.9”火灾——兼论我国城市建设灾害风险的警示分析[J].住宅产业,2009.04.
[7]龚常.谁来扑灭肆虐的城市烈焰?——我国新世纪四起特大城市火灾追忆[J].城市记忆.2011.01,
[8]杨宗焜杨玉楠华校生孙伟东.从建筑保温材料的源头遏制建筑火灾隐患的设想和建议[J].建筑节能,2009.09.
[9]张洪飞,刘玉鸿等.珍珠岩的深加工现状[J].世界地质,1996,15(3)：56-59.
[10]. Yilmaz and H. Yucel. Technical note hydrothermal treatment of perlite with caustic soda to produce metal silicate solutions. Mineral Engineering [J].2001,14 (11):1535-1548.
[11]Ramazan Demirboga, et al.. Effects of expanded perlite aggregate and mineral admixtures on the compressive strength of lowdensity concretes [J]. Cement and Concrete Research,2001,15(31):1627- 1632.
[12]管俊芳等.珍珠岩的加工和综合利用[J].化工矿物与加工,2003(4).
[13]陆凯安.膨胀珍珠岩及其制品的新用途和发展趋势[J].新型建筑材料,2007(7).
[14]王玉婷,蒋友新,李玉香,郑爱国,康祥梅.发泡剂在水泥基多孔吸声混凝土中的应用[A].原材料及辅助物料,2008,4(03)：42-46.
[15]孙成才,霍冀川,刘才林,吴瑞荣,卢忠远.混凝土发泡剂的复配研究[A].宁夏工程技术,2007,6(02)：127-132.
[16]王清香.菱镁水泥改性探讨[J].甘肃水利水电技术,2001(3).
[17]崔春龙,冯启明,童光庆等.抑制菱镁制品返卤泛霜新方法的试验研究[J].非金属矿,2002,21(1)：18-19.
[18]崔洪涛等.超轻菱镁发泡材料的试验研究[J].21世纪建筑材料,2010(2).
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