河南油田二元复合驱采出液稳定机理与处理方法研究
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摘要
河南油田下二门联合站聚合物/表面活性剂二元复合驱采出液处理工艺按照流程顺序分为破乳脱水工艺及污水处理工艺,其工艺涉及W/O型乳状液的破乳脱水及O/W型乳状液的污水处理。
室内分别制备二元复合驱模拟W/O型原油乳状液及模拟采出污水,并采用电子显微镜、稳定性分析仪、激光粒度分析仪、Zeta电位仪、界面张力仪及流变仪等研究聚合物/表面活性剂对二元复合驱模拟W/O型乳状液及模拟采出污水稳定性及界面性质的影响,探讨聚合物/表面活性剂对二元复合驱W/O型乳状液及模拟采出污水的稳定机理。
聚合物/表面活性剂浓度的增加可以降低二元复合驱W/O型乳状液中分散相的平均粒径,有利于提高二元复合驱W/O型乳状液的稳定性；聚合物/表面活性剂对二元复合驱W/O型乳状液的稳定作用主要是通过聚合物增加油水界面粘度、界面弹性实现的,聚合物对二元复合驱W/O型乳状液稳定作用的贡献要大于表面活性剂。
表面活性剂对污水中的乳化油滴起分散作用,随着表面活性剂浓度的增加,乳化油粒径逐渐减小,粒径分布变窄；随着聚合物/表面活性剂的加入,污水透射光强度降低,污水的稳定性增加；污水中油滴的Zeta电位随着聚合物/表面活性剂浓度的增加而减小聚合物/表面活性剂对二元复合驱模拟采出污水的稳定作用主要是通过表面活性剂增加油滴界面电荷实现的,表面活性剂对二元复合驱模拟采出污水稳定作用的贡献要大于聚合物。
SP169I、AP221、TA1031、PR929、NYC9型对河南油田二元复合驱模拟W/O型原油乳状液具有较好的破乳效果,脱水率较高,脱出水清且油水界面较为齐整；破乳剂对二元复合驱W/O型模拟乳状液的脱水速率常数由大到小依次为：SP169I>PR929> NYC9>AP221>TA1031;SP169I、PR929及NYC9型破乳剂的适宜加药浓度均在80-120mmg-L-1；破乳剂对破乳温度的敏感程度由大到小依次为：NYC9>PR929>SP169I;油水界面平衡界面张力对破乳剂的破乳脱水性能的影响更大；破乳剂的加入可以降低油水界面膜的弹性模量,破乳剂对乳状液稳定性的破坏主要是通过降低油水界面膜的弹性实现的。
不同驱替方式下污水处理的难易程度为：水驱<聚驱<二元复合驱；随着聚合物/表面活性剂浓度的增加,二元复合驱模拟采出污水处理难度增加,处理后污水中含油量及悬浮物含量增加；二元复合驱模拟采出污水初始含油量及悬浮物含量与处理后含油量及悬浮物含量呈线性关系；絮凝剂与反相破乳剂复配处理二元复合驱模拟采出污水可以降低处理后污水中的含油量及悬浮物含量,同时可以降低絮体的生成量,减轻污水处理流程过滤装置及反冲洗装置负荷。
对于二元复合驱现场采出液的破乳,加入100mg·L-1破乳剂后三相分离器出口油中含水率由高至低依次为：NYC9>PR929>SP169I;而脱出水中含油量由高至低依次为：SP169I>NYC9>PR929;聚合物/表面活性剂浓度增加,采出液经破乳后油中含水率及脱出水中含油量均升高。
当二元复合驱现场采出液中聚合物/表面活性剂含量分别为46.2mg·L-1和50.Omg·L-1时,向污水中加入6mg·L-1CPAM+20mg·L-1 RPDEA后,污水经二次沉降后污水中含油量及悬浮物含量均可降至30mg.L-’以下；聚合物/表面活性剂含量分别为98.7mg·L-1和102.5mg.L-1时,污水经二次沉降后含油量及悬浮物含量可降至50mg·L-1以下,二次沉降后污水经石英砂过滤后含油量及悬浮物含量均可降至10mg·L-1以下。
According to the processing order, the treatment technology of Xiaermen oil-water treatment center in Henan oilfield includes demulsification process and waste water treatment process which involves the demulsication of W/O crude oil emulsion and treatment of O/W waste water.
Synthetic W/O crude oil emulsion and W/O waste water were prepared in laboratory respectively, electromicroscope, stability analyzer, laser particle analyzer, Zeta potential meter, interfacial tension meter and interfacial rheometer were employed to study the influence of polymer/surfactant on stability and interfacial properties of synthetic W/O crude oil emulsion and W/O waste water to investigate the stability mechanism of the emulsions.
The density increasing of polymer/surfactant can decrease the mean particle size of synthetic W/O crude oil emulsion and thus enhance the stability of the emulsion. Synthetic W/O crude oil emulsion stabilized by polymer/surfactant is mainly stabilized by polymer by increasing the interfacial elasticity and viscosity; polymer contributes more to the stability of W/O crude oil emulsion compared with surfactant.
Surfactant can disperse the emulsified oil droplets, the mean particle size of oil droplets decrease when surfactant concentration increases. Transmission light decreases when surfactant concentration increases which indicates that stability of O/W waste water increases. Zeta potential increases when polymer/surfactant concentration increases. O/W waste water is stabilized by increasing the electric charge of emulsified oil droplets by surfactant mainly; surfactant contributes more to the stability of O/W waste water compared with polymer.
The demulsifier SP169I, AP221, TA1031, PR929 and NYC9 are proved to be effective in demulsification of synthetic W/O crude oil emulsion stabilized by polymer/surfactant, the dewatering rate is high, the separated water is clean and the interface condition is neat. The decomponition rate constant of the five demulsifiers has a size order:SP169I>PR929> NYC9>AP221>TA1031. The optimum demulsifer dosage of SP169I, PR929 and NYC9 is 80～120mg·L-1. The sensibility of the three demulsifiers has a size order:NYC9>PR929> SP169I.The balance interfacial tension of oil-demulsifier solution is more important than the dynamic interfacial tension in the demulsification process. The interfacial elasticity decreases with the addition of demulsifier. The demulsification mechanism is that demulsifer can adsorb at the oil-water interface and decrease the interfacial elasticity.
Polymer/surfactant flooding waste water is harder to treat than polymer flooding waste water while polymer flooding waste water is harder to treat than water flooding waste water. Polymer/surfactant flooding waste water gets more difficult to treat when polymer/surfactant concentration increases. Initial oil & suspension concentration have a linear relationship with oil & suspension concentration after flocculation treatment. Flocculant and demulsifier have a synergistic effect to treat waste water, oil & suspension concentration after treatment and the flco decrease which can lighten the burden of filtration and washed water system in the waste water treatment process.
As to the field emulsion, water content of the purified oil from the triphase separator with demulsier concentration of 100mg-L"1 has a size order:NYC9>PR929>SP169I while oil concentration of the separated waste water has a size order:SP169I>NYC9> PR929. Water content of the purified oil from the triphase separator and oil concentration of the separated waste water increase with polymer/surfactant concentration in field produced liquid.
Oil & suspension concentration of field waste water containg 46.2mg·L-1 polymer and 50.0mg·L-1 surfactant after treatment with 6mg·L-1 CPAM+20mg·L-1 RPDE A are less than 30mg·L-1. Oil & suspension concentration of field waste water containg 98.7mg·L-1 polymer and 102.5mg·L-1 surfactant after treatment with 6mg·L-1 CPAM+20mg·L-1 RPDE A are less than 50mg·L-1, Oil & suspension concentration can be further reduced to less than 10mg·L-by filtration with quartz sand.
室内分别制备二元复合驱模拟W/O型原油乳状液及模拟采出污水,并采用电子显微镜、稳定性分析仪、激光粒度分析仪、Zeta电位仪、界面张力仪及流变仪等研究聚合物/表面活性剂对二元复合驱模拟W/O型乳状液及模拟采出污水稳定性及界面性质的影响,探讨聚合物/表面活性剂对二元复合驱W/O型乳状液及模拟采出污水的稳定机理。
聚合物/表面活性剂浓度的增加可以降低二元复合驱W/O型乳状液中分散相的平均粒径,有利于提高二元复合驱W/O型乳状液的稳定性；聚合物/表面活性剂对二元复合驱W/O型乳状液的稳定作用主要是通过聚合物增加油水界面粘度、界面弹性实现的,聚合物对二元复合驱W/O型乳状液稳定作用的贡献要大于表面活性剂。
表面活性剂对污水中的乳化油滴起分散作用,随着表面活性剂浓度的增加,乳化油粒径逐渐减小,粒径分布变窄；随着聚合物/表面活性剂的加入,污水透射光强度降低,污水的稳定性增加；污水中油滴的Zeta电位随着聚合物/表面活性剂浓度的增加而减小聚合物/表面活性剂对二元复合驱模拟采出污水的稳定作用主要是通过表面活性剂增加油滴界面电荷实现的,表面活性剂对二元复合驱模拟采出污水稳定作用的贡献要大于聚合物。
SP169I、AP221、TA1031、PR929、NYC9型对河南油田二元复合驱模拟W/O型原油乳状液具有较好的破乳效果,脱水率较高,脱出水清且油水界面较为齐整；破乳剂对二元复合驱W/O型模拟乳状液的脱水速率常数由大到小依次为：SP169I>PR929> NYC9>AP221>TA1031;SP169I、PR929及NYC9型破乳剂的适宜加药浓度均在80-120mmg-L-1；破乳剂对破乳温度的敏感程度由大到小依次为：NYC9>PR929>SP169I;油水界面平衡界面张力对破乳剂的破乳脱水性能的影响更大；破乳剂的加入可以降低油水界面膜的弹性模量,破乳剂对乳状液稳定性的破坏主要是通过降低油水界面膜的弹性实现的。
不同驱替方式下污水处理的难易程度为：水驱<聚驱<二元复合驱；随着聚合物/表面活性剂浓度的增加,二元复合驱模拟采出污水处理难度增加,处理后污水中含油量及悬浮物含量增加；二元复合驱模拟采出污水初始含油量及悬浮物含量与处理后含油量及悬浮物含量呈线性关系；絮凝剂与反相破乳剂复配处理二元复合驱模拟采出污水可以降低处理后污水中的含油量及悬浮物含量,同时可以降低絮体的生成量,减轻污水处理流程过滤装置及反冲洗装置负荷。
对于二元复合驱现场采出液的破乳,加入100mg·L-1破乳剂后三相分离器出口油中含水率由高至低依次为：NYC9>PR929>SP169I;而脱出水中含油量由高至低依次为：SP169I>NYC9>PR929;聚合物/表面活性剂浓度增加,采出液经破乳后油中含水率及脱出水中含油量均升高。
当二元复合驱现场采出液中聚合物/表面活性剂含量分别为46.2mg·L-1和50.Omg·L-1时,向污水中加入6mg·L-1CPAM+20mg·L-1 RPDEA后,污水经二次沉降后污水中含油量及悬浮物含量均可降至30mg.L-’以下；聚合物/表面活性剂含量分别为98.7mg·L-1和102.5mg.L-1时,污水经二次沉降后含油量及悬浮物含量可降至50mg·L-1以下,二次沉降后污水经石英砂过滤后含油量及悬浮物含量均可降至10mg·L-1以下。
According to the processing order, the treatment technology of Xiaermen oil-water treatment center in Henan oilfield includes demulsification process and waste water treatment process which involves the demulsication of W/O crude oil emulsion and treatment of O/W waste water.
Synthetic W/O crude oil emulsion and W/O waste water were prepared in laboratory respectively, electromicroscope, stability analyzer, laser particle analyzer, Zeta potential meter, interfacial tension meter and interfacial rheometer were employed to study the influence of polymer/surfactant on stability and interfacial properties of synthetic W/O crude oil emulsion and W/O waste water to investigate the stability mechanism of the emulsions.
The density increasing of polymer/surfactant can decrease the mean particle size of synthetic W/O crude oil emulsion and thus enhance the stability of the emulsion. Synthetic W/O crude oil emulsion stabilized by polymer/surfactant is mainly stabilized by polymer by increasing the interfacial elasticity and viscosity; polymer contributes more to the stability of W/O crude oil emulsion compared with surfactant.
Surfactant can disperse the emulsified oil droplets, the mean particle size of oil droplets decrease when surfactant concentration increases. Transmission light decreases when surfactant concentration increases which indicates that stability of O/W waste water increases. Zeta potential increases when polymer/surfactant concentration increases. O/W waste water is stabilized by increasing the electric charge of emulsified oil droplets by surfactant mainly; surfactant contributes more to the stability of O/W waste water compared with polymer.
The demulsifier SP169I, AP221, TA1031, PR929 and NYC9 are proved to be effective in demulsification of synthetic W/O crude oil emulsion stabilized by polymer/surfactant, the dewatering rate is high, the separated water is clean and the interface condition is neat. The decomponition rate constant of the five demulsifiers has a size order:SP169I>PR929> NYC9>AP221>TA1031. The optimum demulsifer dosage of SP169I, PR929 and NYC9 is 80～120mg·L-1. The sensibility of the three demulsifiers has a size order:NYC9>PR929> SP169I.The balance interfacial tension of oil-demulsifier solution is more important than the dynamic interfacial tension in the demulsification process. The interfacial elasticity decreases with the addition of demulsifier. The demulsification mechanism is that demulsifer can adsorb at the oil-water interface and decrease the interfacial elasticity.
Polymer/surfactant flooding waste water is harder to treat than polymer flooding waste water while polymer flooding waste water is harder to treat than water flooding waste water. Polymer/surfactant flooding waste water gets more difficult to treat when polymer/surfactant concentration increases. Initial oil & suspension concentration have a linear relationship with oil & suspension concentration after flocculation treatment. Flocculant and demulsifier have a synergistic effect to treat waste water, oil & suspension concentration after treatment and the flco decrease which can lighten the burden of filtration and washed water system in the waste water treatment process.
As to the field emulsion, water content of the purified oil from the triphase separator with demulsier concentration of 100mg-L"1 has a size order:NYC9>PR929>SP169I while oil concentration of the separated waste water has a size order:SP169I>NYC9> PR929. Water content of the purified oil from the triphase separator and oil concentration of the separated waste water increase with polymer/surfactant concentration in field produced liquid.
Oil & suspension concentration of field waste water containg 46.2mg·L-1 polymer and 50.0mg·L-1 surfactant after treatment with 6mg·L-1 CPAM+20mg·L-1 RPDE A are less than 30mg·L-1. Oil & suspension concentration of field waste water containg 98.7mg·L-1 polymer and 102.5mg·L-1 surfactant after treatment with 6mg·L-1 CPAM+20mg·L-1 RPDE A are less than 50mg·L-1, Oil & suspension concentration can be further reduced to less than 10mg·L-by filtration with quartz sand.
引文
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