高速磁浮交通迭合式轨道梁变形及力学特性研究
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摘要
随着磁浮交通建设的进一步发展,中长距离磁浮线路建设将遇到诸多复杂的地形地质状况,不可避免地需要跨越长距离障碍。目前适合于磁浮列车运行的大跨度轨道梁结构在国内外尚无先例,磁浮迭合梁结构因此被提出来。该结构将带有高精度功能面的轨道梁架设在常规桥梁结构上,以跨越障碍。相关研究至今未见公开报道。磁浮迭合梁结构作为磁浮交通线路不可或缺的一部分,很有必要对其进行深入和系统地研究。
本文从静力学及动力学的角度,对磁浮迭合梁结构进行了深入研究。以磁浮规范为依据,参照磁浮轨道结构和铁路桥梁等方面的现有成果,对磁浮迭合梁结构的研究方法、变形控制指标及限值、变形影响因素及影响规律、结构主要设计参数以及磁浮迭合梁动力设计要求等问题逐一展开研究,研究成果将为磁浮迭合梁结构的方案选择和参数选取提供理论基础和应用参考价值。本文主要研究内容如下:
(1)研究了针对磁浮迭合梁结构的变形控制指标及其限值公式。对磁浮迭合梁与常规轨道梁在结构型式及变形特征等方面进行了对比分析,参考磁浮轨道和铁路桥梁等方面的现有成果,对磁浮迭合梁结构变形分析的控制指标及相应限值公式进行了研究。
(2)开展了磁浮迭合梁选型研究。通过对国内外桥梁规范关于桥梁(或轨道梁)竖向横向刚度限值规定的对比分析,结合磁浮迭合梁的结构特点和受力特点,对迭合梁的上层轨面结构型式、下层桥梁截面刚度以及上下层连接方式等进行了研究。在此基础上,进行了主跨80m的三跨连续迭合梁的方案设计,并建立了有限元分析计算模型。
(3)开展了环境温度、磁浮列车等荷载作用下的迭合梁变形分析。对比国内外桥梁规范关于温度梯度模式的规定,探讨了磁浮迭合梁结构各组成部分的温度梯度模式。对环境温度和磁浮列车等荷载作用下的迭合梁变形特征和变形影响因素进行了研究,得到了迭合梁下层桥梁顶板宽度、边跨比和截面刚度等参数及上下层连接方式对迭合梁变形的影响规律,提出了磁浮迭合梁结构主要设计参数的合理取值范围,并对变形控制指标的限值公式加以修正。
(4)开展了磁浮迭合梁结构动力特性研究。应用结构动力学、车辆动力学及电磁控制理论原理,采用模态综合技术,建立了考虑主动控制磁轨关系的磁浮列车-迭合梁动力分析模型,编制了计算程序。应用本文编制的程序,对磁浮列车通过迭合梁的全过程进行了计算分析,研究了列车运行速度、列车编组、迭合梁边跨比、下层桥梁截面刚度和结构阻尼等相关因素对磁浮列车-迭合梁系统动力响应的影响规律,分析了迭合梁-阶自振频率与动力响应的关系,提出了磁浮迭合梁结构的动力准则。
With the development of maglev transportation, we may confront numerous complex terrain and geology situations during the construction of middle-long-distance maglev lines. Accordingly, these lines are certain to run across many long-distance obstacles. Presently, there doesn't exist long-span guideway home and abroad suitable for the running of maglev train, so there appears the structural style for maglev composite guideway. In this style of structure, the guideways with highly precise function surfaces are erected over the normal bridge in order to stride across the obstacles mentioned above. However, some related findings in this respect have not been reported to the public. Therefore, as an indispensable part of maglev line, this kind of structure deserves our efforts to do deep and systematical research.
The author carries out a further study on maglev composite guideway in this thesis from the perspective of Statics and Dynamics. Based on the maglev codes, the author explores the following issues respectively by referring to the present findings with regard to maglev guideway and railway bridge, e.g. the research methods for maglev composite guideway, the indexes and limits for deformation-controlling, the factors influencing deformation, the influence way, the proper ranges of main structure parameters for structure-designing, the dynamic design requirements for maglev composite guideway and so on. The achievements of the present study in this thesis may provide theoretic foundation and reference for parameter choice and scheme selection of composite guideway. The main research is as follows:
(1) Exploring a series of indexes and corresponding limits formula, which are used to control the deformation of maglev composite guideway. The author in this thesis conducts a comparative study of maglev composite guideway and normal guideway on structural style and deformation behavior etc. Furthermore, based on the previous achievements with regard to maglev guideway and railway bridge, the author carries out a detailed study on a series of indexes and corresponding limits formula, which are used to control the deformation of maglev composite guideway.
(2) Conducting an alternative study on suitable structural style of maglev composite guideway. The author in this part surveys the composite guideway of upper track, stiffness of understructure, as well as the linked mode by analyzing and comparing the bridge criteria home and abroad on allowable values of vertical and lateral stiffness of bridge (or guideway), coupled with the structure and stress characteristics of maglev composite guideway. According to the study conducted above, the author tries to design the scheme for the three-span continuous composite guideway bridges with an 80-meter main span, and then establish the finite element analysis model.
(3) Analyzing the deformation of composite guideway under the influence of such loads as ambient temperature and maglev train. Through a comparative study on the bridge norms home and abroad about temperature gradient mode, the author in the third part attempts to explore the temperature gradient modes of different parts in maglev composite guideway. Based on the study of composite guideway deformation features and the factors under the influence of ambient temperature and maglev train etc, the author gets the result of influential way exerted by roof width, span ratio, vertical stiffness, and linked mode between upper track and understructure on the deformation of composite guideway and puts forward the proper ranges of main structure parameters for maglev composite guideway and also improves the limits formula of deformation-controlling index.
(4) Studying the dynamic characteristics of maglev composite guideway structure. Through the application of theories from Structure Dynamics, Vehicle Dynamics and Electromagnetic Control, as well as the techniques of modal analysis, the author sets up the model for the dynamic analysis on maglev train-composite guideway of magnetic force based on active control system, and then writes a program on train-composite guideway dynamic analysis. By means of the simulation program compiled in this dissertation, the author analyses and calculates the whole process of high-speed maglev train passing on the composite guideway and also studies the effects of different maglev train speed, marshalling, span ratio, vertical stiffness and damping on train and composite guideway responses. The relationship between primary frequency of composite guideway and its corresponding dynamic responses is also analyzed in this part. At last, the author puts forward the design requirements of maglev composite guideway. 115 figures, 47 tables, 139 references.
本文从静力学及动力学的角度,对磁浮迭合梁结构进行了深入研究。以磁浮规范为依据,参照磁浮轨道结构和铁路桥梁等方面的现有成果,对磁浮迭合梁结构的研究方法、变形控制指标及限值、变形影响因素及影响规律、结构主要设计参数以及磁浮迭合梁动力设计要求等问题逐一展开研究,研究成果将为磁浮迭合梁结构的方案选择和参数选取提供理论基础和应用参考价值。本文主要研究内容如下:
(1)研究了针对磁浮迭合梁结构的变形控制指标及其限值公式。对磁浮迭合梁与常规轨道梁在结构型式及变形特征等方面进行了对比分析,参考磁浮轨道和铁路桥梁等方面的现有成果,对磁浮迭合梁结构变形分析的控制指标及相应限值公式进行了研究。
(2)开展了磁浮迭合梁选型研究。通过对国内外桥梁规范关于桥梁(或轨道梁)竖向横向刚度限值规定的对比分析,结合磁浮迭合梁的结构特点和受力特点,对迭合梁的上层轨面结构型式、下层桥梁截面刚度以及上下层连接方式等进行了研究。在此基础上,进行了主跨80m的三跨连续迭合梁的方案设计,并建立了有限元分析计算模型。
(3)开展了环境温度、磁浮列车等荷载作用下的迭合梁变形分析。对比国内外桥梁规范关于温度梯度模式的规定,探讨了磁浮迭合梁结构各组成部分的温度梯度模式。对环境温度和磁浮列车等荷载作用下的迭合梁变形特征和变形影响因素进行了研究,得到了迭合梁下层桥梁顶板宽度、边跨比和截面刚度等参数及上下层连接方式对迭合梁变形的影响规律,提出了磁浮迭合梁结构主要设计参数的合理取值范围,并对变形控制指标的限值公式加以修正。
(4)开展了磁浮迭合梁结构动力特性研究。应用结构动力学、车辆动力学及电磁控制理论原理,采用模态综合技术,建立了考虑主动控制磁轨关系的磁浮列车-迭合梁动力分析模型,编制了计算程序。应用本文编制的程序,对磁浮列车通过迭合梁的全过程进行了计算分析,研究了列车运行速度、列车编组、迭合梁边跨比、下层桥梁截面刚度和结构阻尼等相关因素对磁浮列车-迭合梁系统动力响应的影响规律,分析了迭合梁-阶自振频率与动力响应的关系,提出了磁浮迭合梁结构的动力准则。
With the development of maglev transportation, we may confront numerous complex terrain and geology situations during the construction of middle-long-distance maglev lines. Accordingly, these lines are certain to run across many long-distance obstacles. Presently, there doesn't exist long-span guideway home and abroad suitable for the running of maglev train, so there appears the structural style for maglev composite guideway. In this style of structure, the guideways with highly precise function surfaces are erected over the normal bridge in order to stride across the obstacles mentioned above. However, some related findings in this respect have not been reported to the public. Therefore, as an indispensable part of maglev line, this kind of structure deserves our efforts to do deep and systematical research.
The author carries out a further study on maglev composite guideway in this thesis from the perspective of Statics and Dynamics. Based on the maglev codes, the author explores the following issues respectively by referring to the present findings with regard to maglev guideway and railway bridge, e.g. the research methods for maglev composite guideway, the indexes and limits for deformation-controlling, the factors influencing deformation, the influence way, the proper ranges of main structure parameters for structure-designing, the dynamic design requirements for maglev composite guideway and so on. The achievements of the present study in this thesis may provide theoretic foundation and reference for parameter choice and scheme selection of composite guideway. The main research is as follows:
(1) Exploring a series of indexes and corresponding limits formula, which are used to control the deformation of maglev composite guideway. The author in this thesis conducts a comparative study of maglev composite guideway and normal guideway on structural style and deformation behavior etc. Furthermore, based on the previous achievements with regard to maglev guideway and railway bridge, the author carries out a detailed study on a series of indexes and corresponding limits formula, which are used to control the deformation of maglev composite guideway.
(2) Conducting an alternative study on suitable structural style of maglev composite guideway. The author in this part surveys the composite guideway of upper track, stiffness of understructure, as well as the linked mode by analyzing and comparing the bridge criteria home and abroad on allowable values of vertical and lateral stiffness of bridge (or guideway), coupled with the structure and stress characteristics of maglev composite guideway. According to the study conducted above, the author tries to design the scheme for the three-span continuous composite guideway bridges with an 80-meter main span, and then establish the finite element analysis model.
(3) Analyzing the deformation of composite guideway under the influence of such loads as ambient temperature and maglev train. Through a comparative study on the bridge norms home and abroad about temperature gradient mode, the author in the third part attempts to explore the temperature gradient modes of different parts in maglev composite guideway. Based on the study of composite guideway deformation features and the factors under the influence of ambient temperature and maglev train etc, the author gets the result of influential way exerted by roof width, span ratio, vertical stiffness, and linked mode between upper track and understructure on the deformation of composite guideway and puts forward the proper ranges of main structure parameters for maglev composite guideway and also improves the limits formula of deformation-controlling index.
(4) Studying the dynamic characteristics of maglev composite guideway structure. Through the application of theories from Structure Dynamics, Vehicle Dynamics and Electromagnetic Control, as well as the techniques of modal analysis, the author sets up the model for the dynamic analysis on maglev train-composite guideway of magnetic force based on active control system, and then writes a program on train-composite guideway dynamic analysis. By means of the simulation program compiled in this dissertation, the author analyses and calculates the whole process of high-speed maglev train passing on the composite guideway and also studies the effects of different maglev train speed, marshalling, span ratio, vertical stiffness and damping on train and composite guideway responses. The relationship between primary frequency of composite guideway and its corresponding dynamic responses is also analyzed in this part. At last, the author puts forward the design requirements of maglev composite guideway. 115 figures, 47 tables, 139 references.
引文
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