不同类型草地对放牧绵羊产肉性能及品质的影响
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摘要
以内蒙古典型草原的高平原草地和沙质草地放牧生态系统为研究对象,根据试验地区的实际情况,2008年5月至10月对不同试验地区放牧生态系统中的植被群落特征进行观测,并抽取部分植物样品进行营养成分分析,同时对土壤理化性状进行分析。
随机选取体貌特征相似的杂种羊(四品种双杂交羊)、蒙古羊(乌珠穆沁羊)和引种羊(德国肉用美利羊)各30只,在8、9月份利用全日制观察法对放牧绵羊白天的各种行为进行记录、观察和对比,并利用模拟采食法和全收粪法对比不同放牧绵羊的采食量和选择性采食。
在8月份和10月份对杂种羊、蒙古羊和引种羊4月龄和6月龄各4只进行屠宰,宰后测定放牧绵羊的产肉性能和食用品质,对比相同环境下不同放牧绵羊和不同环境下相同放牧绵羊的生产性能、食用品质和营养价值的差异,确定适宜不同类型草地放牧的绵羊品种。
通过对不同植被状况下放牧绵羊牧食行为、产肉性能和羊肉食用品质的测定与分析,研究了放牧绵羊羊肉营养成分与群落特征、草群营养状况及土壤理化性状的关系。主要研究成果如下:
1.沙质草地放牧区主要植物高度、盖度、地上现存量和物种丰富度高于高平原草地放牧区。高平原草地与沙质草地相比,群落灰分和粗蛋白平均含量高,粗脂肪、粗纤维和钙含量低。
2.沙质草地放牧绵羊的采食和游走等时间比例低于高平原草地。沙质草地中蒙古羊的采食时间比例比引种羊和杂种羊大;高平原草地放牧绵羊品种间的采食时间比例无明显差异。
3.沙质草地蒙古羊、引种羊和杂种羊的平均采食量分别为1.15kg/d、1.60kg/d和1.35kg/d,高平原草地为1.56kg/d、1.82kg/d和1.71kg/d,分别相差0.41kg/d、0.22kg/d和0.36kg/d。
4.高平原草地放牧的杂种羊和引种羊体尺和产肉性能的多项指标均低于沙质草地中各项指标,其中,体长平均相差5cm,屠宰率相差1.5%,蒙古羊在两处差异不显著。
5.沙质草地放牧绵羊营养价值较好的为蒙古羊,其羊肉的蛋白、铁、锌和氨基酸等含量均最高;高平原草地营养价值较高的是杂种羊,其羊肉的铁、锌、和氨基酸等含量最高,蒙古羊的蛋白、钙和磷最高。
6.放牧绵羊肉中的粗灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙和磷的含量与采食牧草中对应的营养物质呈高度相关关系。不同放牧生态系统中不同营养物质的最终转化具有差异性。
Based on grazing ecosystem in the high plain grassland and sand grassland of the Inner Mongolian steppe, plant population character was observed and plant nutrient composition and soil physical and chemical character were analyzed in the different sites from May to October in 2008.
Thirty the cross sheep, thirty Mongolian sheep and thirty introducing sheep were used to compare all kinds of behaviors by whole observation, and to compare feed intake and selective intake by collecting excrement in August and September.
Four months and six months sheep were slaughtered for measurement of the performance of producing meat and edible quality of the cross sheep, Mongolian sheep and introducing sheep in August and October, and to compare the different grazing sheep and different environment in order to determining optimal grazing sheep in different Grassland Type.
The nutritive compositions of grazing sheep meat, community character and nutritive status of community, and physical and chemical character of soil were investigated by the analysis and measurement of grazing behavior, the performance of producing meat, and edible quality under the different vegetation based on the grazing ecosystem in the sand and high plain grassland. The main results were shown as follows:
1. The height, cover, above present biomass, richness, edible forages, and diversity of the community in grazing plot of the sand grassland were lower than that of the high plain grassland. The contents of ash and crude protein were lower, whereas crude fat, crude fiber and Ca were higher in the sand grazing plot compared with the high plain grazing plot.
2. The feeding time rate of grazing sheep in the sand grassland were less than that in the high plain grassland. The feeding time of the Mongolian sheep were more than the introducing sheep and cross sheep grazed in the sand grassland. The feeding time rate of different breeds grazing at the high plain grassland was no different.
3. The feed intake of Mongolia, introducing and cross sheep were 1.15kg/d、1.60 kg/d and 1.35kg/d in the sand grassland, which were 1.56kg/d、1.82kg/d and 1.71 kg/d in the high plain grassland,difference value were 0.41 kg/d、0.22kg/d and 0.36 kg/d, respectively.
4. The amount index of meat quality and body size of cross sheep and introduced sheep in the high plain grassland was lower than in the sand grassland, difference value of body size was 5cm,difference value of slaughter rate was 1.5% .Mongolian sheep have no difference in sites.
5. The meat nutrition of Mongolia sheep grazing in the sand grassland presented high values, which was high in the contents of protein, Fe, Zn, and amino acid. The meat nutrition of the cross sheep grazing at the high plain grassland presented high values, which was high Fe, Zn and amino acid, There was high the contents of protein, Ca and P in the meat of the Mongolia sheep.
6. The content of ash, protein, fatty, Ca and P of grazing sheep has correlation coefficient with the contents of feeding grass nutrition. There are different in convert of different nutrition in different grazing ecosystem.
随机选取体貌特征相似的杂种羊(四品种双杂交羊)、蒙古羊(乌珠穆沁羊)和引种羊(德国肉用美利羊)各30只,在8、9月份利用全日制观察法对放牧绵羊白天的各种行为进行记录、观察和对比,并利用模拟采食法和全收粪法对比不同放牧绵羊的采食量和选择性采食。
在8月份和10月份对杂种羊、蒙古羊和引种羊4月龄和6月龄各4只进行屠宰,宰后测定放牧绵羊的产肉性能和食用品质,对比相同环境下不同放牧绵羊和不同环境下相同放牧绵羊的生产性能、食用品质和营养价值的差异,确定适宜不同类型草地放牧的绵羊品种。
通过对不同植被状况下放牧绵羊牧食行为、产肉性能和羊肉食用品质的测定与分析,研究了放牧绵羊羊肉营养成分与群落特征、草群营养状况及土壤理化性状的关系。主要研究成果如下:
1.沙质草地放牧区主要植物高度、盖度、地上现存量和物种丰富度高于高平原草地放牧区。高平原草地与沙质草地相比,群落灰分和粗蛋白平均含量高,粗脂肪、粗纤维和钙含量低。
2.沙质草地放牧绵羊的采食和游走等时间比例低于高平原草地。沙质草地中蒙古羊的采食时间比例比引种羊和杂种羊大;高平原草地放牧绵羊品种间的采食时间比例无明显差异。
3.沙质草地蒙古羊、引种羊和杂种羊的平均采食量分别为1.15kg/d、1.60kg/d和1.35kg/d,高平原草地为1.56kg/d、1.82kg/d和1.71kg/d,分别相差0.41kg/d、0.22kg/d和0.36kg/d。
4.高平原草地放牧的杂种羊和引种羊体尺和产肉性能的多项指标均低于沙质草地中各项指标,其中,体长平均相差5cm,屠宰率相差1.5%,蒙古羊在两处差异不显著。
5.沙质草地放牧绵羊营养价值较好的为蒙古羊,其羊肉的蛋白、铁、锌和氨基酸等含量均最高;高平原草地营养价值较高的是杂种羊,其羊肉的铁、锌、和氨基酸等含量最高,蒙古羊的蛋白、钙和磷最高。
6.放牧绵羊肉中的粗灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙和磷的含量与采食牧草中对应的营养物质呈高度相关关系。不同放牧生态系统中不同营养物质的最终转化具有差异性。
Based on grazing ecosystem in the high plain grassland and sand grassland of the Inner Mongolian steppe, plant population character was observed and plant nutrient composition and soil physical and chemical character were analyzed in the different sites from May to October in 2008.
Thirty the cross sheep, thirty Mongolian sheep and thirty introducing sheep were used to compare all kinds of behaviors by whole observation, and to compare feed intake and selective intake by collecting excrement in August and September.
Four months and six months sheep were slaughtered for measurement of the performance of producing meat and edible quality of the cross sheep, Mongolian sheep and introducing sheep in August and October, and to compare the different grazing sheep and different environment in order to determining optimal grazing sheep in different Grassland Type.
The nutritive compositions of grazing sheep meat, community character and nutritive status of community, and physical and chemical character of soil were investigated by the analysis and measurement of grazing behavior, the performance of producing meat, and edible quality under the different vegetation based on the grazing ecosystem in the sand and high plain grassland. The main results were shown as follows:
1. The height, cover, above present biomass, richness, edible forages, and diversity of the community in grazing plot of the sand grassland were lower than that of the high plain grassland. The contents of ash and crude protein were lower, whereas crude fat, crude fiber and Ca were higher in the sand grazing plot compared with the high plain grazing plot.
2. The feeding time rate of grazing sheep in the sand grassland were less than that in the high plain grassland. The feeding time of the Mongolian sheep were more than the introducing sheep and cross sheep grazed in the sand grassland. The feeding time rate of different breeds grazing at the high plain grassland was no different.
3. The feed intake of Mongolia, introducing and cross sheep were 1.15kg/d、1.60 kg/d and 1.35kg/d in the sand grassland, which were 1.56kg/d、1.82kg/d and 1.71 kg/d in the high plain grassland,difference value were 0.41 kg/d、0.22kg/d and 0.36 kg/d, respectively.
4. The amount index of meat quality and body size of cross sheep and introduced sheep in the high plain grassland was lower than in the sand grassland, difference value of body size was 5cm,difference value of slaughter rate was 1.5% .Mongolian sheep have no difference in sites.
5. The meat nutrition of Mongolia sheep grazing in the sand grassland presented high values, which was high in the contents of protein, Fe, Zn, and amino acid. The meat nutrition of the cross sheep grazing at the high plain grassland presented high values, which was high Fe, Zn and amino acid, There was high the contents of protein, Ca and P in the meat of the Mongolia sheep.
6. The content of ash, protein, fatty, Ca and P of grazing sheep has correlation coefficient with the contents of feeding grass nutrition. There are different in convert of different nutrition in different grazing ecosystem.
引文
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