工业产品与生态环境中有机锡化合物的形态分析与应用研究
|
摘要
有机锡化合物是锡与碳直接结合的金属有机化合物，主要应用于塑料热稳定剂、木材防腐剂、农业杀虫剂、船舶防污涂料、纺织品防霉剂等工农业领域，以其高效的抗热、杀菌、防腐特性，成为使用最为广泛的金属有机化合物之一。因而，尽管已经被列入国内外普遍关注的环境内分泌干扰物质，但目前对有机锡化合物的研究开发和使用仍在继续。
有机锡化合物随着塑料、木制品等日常消费品的使用及生产加工过程中的接触进入人类生活，并最终释放、迁移至生态环境中。在发挥杀菌防腐等作用的同时，有机锡也在生态环境中持续存在，使水体、沉积物受到污染，并显示出对生物基体的显著毒性，导致腹足类动物的生殖失败与种群衰退，也对人体神经系统、内分泌系统、肝脏、胆管、皮肤等产生毒害影响。
本论文根据国外法规及使用限量，结合有机锡化合物的实际使用类别，建立了塑料及木制品中的有机锡测定方法，并对我国内陆淡水及近海沉积物中的有机锡污染水平进行了监测。主要研究结果如下：
（1）在聚氯乙烯等塑料加工工艺中，主要使用的有机锡热稳定剂包括甲基锡、丁基锡、辛基锡，且双烃基锡与单烃基锡并用的热稳定性效果最佳。通过优化试验条件，建立了塑料中一甲基锡（MMT）、二甲基锡（DMT）、一丁基锡（MBT）、二丁基锡（DBT）、三丁基锡（TBT）、一辛基锡（MOT）、二辛基锡（DOT）、三辛基锡（TOT）、三苯基锡（TPhT）的气相色谱-质谱测定方法，首次将甲基锡列入测定范围。自制聚氯乙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯四种塑料基质、三个含量水平的模拟阳性样品，用于方法验证。验证结果表明，方法具有较好的准确度和精密度，回收率为85.9%~107.2%，相对标准偏差小于10.0%。在收集到的实际样品中检出一甲基锡和二甲基锡，测定结果与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法间无显著性差异。
（2）双三丁基氧化锡是使用最多的有机锡木材防腐剂，防腐效果好、无颜色污染。根据防腐剂保持量、有效浓度和木材密度，选择松木、胶合板分别作为原木和人造板材基质，添加双三丁基氧化锡，自制了两个含量水平的模拟阳性样品，用于试验条件优化及方法验证。经试验，首次采用乙醇超声提取样品中的一丁基锡、二丁基锡、三丁基锡、三苯基锡，以气相色谱-质谱法测定。验证结果表明，方法回收率为83.6%~103.2%，相对标准偏差小于9.8%。
（3）生态环境中的有机锡污染主要来源于在工农业领域的生产及使用，并首先通过挥发、渗出、沥析等途径进入淡水水域。2009~2010年，采集了国内58个淡水水样，首次在全国范围内监测淡水中的有机锡含量水平，并将辛基锡纳入监测范围。监测结果表明，我国作为有机锡助剂的生产及使用大国，部分淡水水域的有机锡污染程度已超过国外，但未发现明显的升高趋势。
（4）海洋沉积物是有机锡化合物的重要归趋，是有机锡在环境中持续存在的主要来源。2009~2010年，采集了渤海、黄海、长江口的56个沉积物样品，经干燥粉碎后用冰醋酸提取，衍生、净化后气相色谱-质谱法测定。监测结果表明，高含量有机锡检出站位主要位于大型港口及船运码头附近，表明有机锡污染来源仍然主要为船舶防污涂料的释放。与国内外现有监测数据相比，国内污染程度明显低于国外，有机锡含量水平基本保持稳定。
Organotin compounds (OTCs) are organometallic compounds of tin and carbondirectly bonded, mainly used as plastic heat stabilizer, wood preservatives,agricultural pesticides, antifouling paints and textiles fungicide. With highly effectiveanti-heat stabilization and anti-corrosion properties, OTCs have become one of themost widely used organometallic compounds. Therefore, OTCs are studiedcontinuously on the further use and development, although they have been listed asthe Environmental Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals.
OTCs are released into human life through the use of plastic products, woodproducts and other daily consumer goods and production process, and into theecological environment finally. They show considerable toxicity toward livingorganisms, high environmental persistence and the ability to transfer along the trophicchains.
Based on the regulations of use limitation, the determination of OTCsspecification in plastic and wood products is studied, and their pollution levels aremonitored in inland freshwater and offshore marine sediments. Main research resultsare shown as follows:
（1） The orgaotin heat stabilizers include methyltin, butyltin and octyltin, andthey usually are used simultaneously with alkyltin and bisalkyltin for the bestthermal stability. The simultaneous determination of9organotin compounds isstudied with GC-MS, including methyltin for the first time. The self-preparedpositive samples of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic (ABS), polystyrene (PS) and polycarbonate (PC) at3concentration levelsare made for the method validation. The results show that the method has goodaccuracy and precision with the recovery rate of85.9%to107.2%and the relativestandard deviation less than9.97%. There is no significant difference between theresults from GC-MS and ICP-OES.
（2） Bis(tributyltin)oxide is the most widely used wood preservatives with thebest preservative effect and no color contamination. According to the preservativeretention capacity, effective concentration and timber density, the self-preparedsamples at2levels are made of pine wood and plywood for experimentalcondition optimization. The GC-MS method with ethanol ultrasonic extractionwas developed for the determination of4organotin compounds in timber andwood products for the first time. The results prove a good reproducibility andrecovery with a linear range of0.1~20mg/L. The average recoveries are in therange of83.6%~103.2%with the relative standard deviations less than9.75%.
（3） The pollution in ecological environment comes mainly from the OTCsproduction and use in industry and agriculture, and the OTCsenter fresh waterthrough volatilization, dissolution and leaching. From2009-2010, the pollution oforganotin, butyltin, octyltin and phenyltins, is investigated in inland freshwater(58stations) throughout China for the first time. The investgated results show that,the organotin pollution level of fresh water in China, as the major producing andusing country of organotin additives, has exceeded the foreign pollution levelpartly, but no significant increasing trend is observed.
（4） Marine sediments is not only an important sink of OTCs in the ecologicalenvironment, but also a significant source for persistent OTCs via re-releasingprocess. From2009-2010, pollution of organotin including butyltin, octyltin andphenyltins, is investigated in offshore sediments from56stations in the Bohai Sea,the Yellow Sea and the Yangtze River Estuary. The high concentrations of OTCsare found mainly in the port and shipping terminals, indicating that antifoulingpaint is still the major release source of the organotin pollution. Compared withthe existing monitoring data from home and abroad, domestic pollution levels in marine sediments are significantly lower than those in other countries, and keepbasically stable.
有机锡化合物随着塑料、木制品等日常消费品的使用及生产加工过程中的接触进入人类生活，并最终释放、迁移至生态环境中。在发挥杀菌防腐等作用的同时，有机锡也在生态环境中持续存在，使水体、沉积物受到污染，并显示出对生物基体的显著毒性，导致腹足类动物的生殖失败与种群衰退，也对人体神经系统、内分泌系统、肝脏、胆管、皮肤等产生毒害影响。
本论文根据国外法规及使用限量，结合有机锡化合物的实际使用类别，建立了塑料及木制品中的有机锡测定方法，并对我国内陆淡水及近海沉积物中的有机锡污染水平进行了监测。主要研究结果如下：
（1）在聚氯乙烯等塑料加工工艺中，主要使用的有机锡热稳定剂包括甲基锡、丁基锡、辛基锡，且双烃基锡与单烃基锡并用的热稳定性效果最佳。通过优化试验条件，建立了塑料中一甲基锡（MMT）、二甲基锡（DMT）、一丁基锡（MBT）、二丁基锡（DBT）、三丁基锡（TBT）、一辛基锡（MOT）、二辛基锡（DOT）、三辛基锡（TOT）、三苯基锡（TPhT）的气相色谱-质谱测定方法，首次将甲基锡列入测定范围。自制聚氯乙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯四种塑料基质、三个含量水平的模拟阳性样品，用于方法验证。验证结果表明，方法具有较好的准确度和精密度，回收率为85.9%~107.2%，相对标准偏差小于10.0%。在收集到的实际样品中检出一甲基锡和二甲基锡，测定结果与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法间无显著性差异。
（2）双三丁基氧化锡是使用最多的有机锡木材防腐剂，防腐效果好、无颜色污染。根据防腐剂保持量、有效浓度和木材密度，选择松木、胶合板分别作为原木和人造板材基质，添加双三丁基氧化锡，自制了两个含量水平的模拟阳性样品，用于试验条件优化及方法验证。经试验，首次采用乙醇超声提取样品中的一丁基锡、二丁基锡、三丁基锡、三苯基锡，以气相色谱-质谱法测定。验证结果表明，方法回收率为83.6%~103.2%，相对标准偏差小于9.8%。
（3）生态环境中的有机锡污染主要来源于在工农业领域的生产及使用，并首先通过挥发、渗出、沥析等途径进入淡水水域。2009~2010年，采集了国内58个淡水水样，首次在全国范围内监测淡水中的有机锡含量水平，并将辛基锡纳入监测范围。监测结果表明，我国作为有机锡助剂的生产及使用大国，部分淡水水域的有机锡污染程度已超过国外，但未发现明显的升高趋势。
（4）海洋沉积物是有机锡化合物的重要归趋，是有机锡在环境中持续存在的主要来源。2009~2010年，采集了渤海、黄海、长江口的56个沉积物样品，经干燥粉碎后用冰醋酸提取，衍生、净化后气相色谱-质谱法测定。监测结果表明，高含量有机锡检出站位主要位于大型港口及船运码头附近，表明有机锡污染来源仍然主要为船舶防污涂料的释放。与国内外现有监测数据相比，国内污染程度明显低于国外，有机锡含量水平基本保持稳定。
Organotin compounds (OTCs) are organometallic compounds of tin and carbondirectly bonded, mainly used as plastic heat stabilizer, wood preservatives,agricultural pesticides, antifouling paints and textiles fungicide. With highly effectiveanti-heat stabilization and anti-corrosion properties, OTCs have become one of themost widely used organometallic compounds. Therefore, OTCs are studiedcontinuously on the further use and development, although they have been listed asthe Environmental Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals.
OTCs are released into human life through the use of plastic products, woodproducts and other daily consumer goods and production process, and into theecological environment finally. They show considerable toxicity toward livingorganisms, high environmental persistence and the ability to transfer along the trophicchains.
Based on the regulations of use limitation, the determination of OTCsspecification in plastic and wood products is studied, and their pollution levels aremonitored in inland freshwater and offshore marine sediments. Main research resultsare shown as follows:
（1） The orgaotin heat stabilizers include methyltin, butyltin and octyltin, andthey usually are used simultaneously with alkyltin and bisalkyltin for the bestthermal stability. The simultaneous determination of9organotin compounds isstudied with GC-MS, including methyltin for the first time. The self-preparedpositive samples of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic (ABS), polystyrene (PS) and polycarbonate (PC) at3concentration levelsare made for the method validation. The results show that the method has goodaccuracy and precision with the recovery rate of85.9%to107.2%and the relativestandard deviation less than9.97%. There is no significant difference between theresults from GC-MS and ICP-OES.
（2） Bis(tributyltin)oxide is the most widely used wood preservatives with thebest preservative effect and no color contamination. According to the preservativeretention capacity, effective concentration and timber density, the self-preparedsamples at2levels are made of pine wood and plywood for experimentalcondition optimization. The GC-MS method with ethanol ultrasonic extractionwas developed for the determination of4organotin compounds in timber andwood products for the first time. The results prove a good reproducibility andrecovery with a linear range of0.1~20mg/L. The average recoveries are in therange of83.6%~103.2%with the relative standard deviations less than9.75%.
（3） The pollution in ecological environment comes mainly from the OTCsproduction and use in industry and agriculture, and the OTCsenter fresh waterthrough volatilization, dissolution and leaching. From2009-2010, the pollution oforganotin, butyltin, octyltin and phenyltins, is investigated in inland freshwater(58stations) throughout China for the first time. The investgated results show that,the organotin pollution level of fresh water in China, as the major producing andusing country of organotin additives, has exceeded the foreign pollution levelpartly, but no significant increasing trend is observed.
（4） Marine sediments is not only an important sink of OTCs in the ecologicalenvironment, but also a significant source for persistent OTCs via re-releasingprocess. From2009-2010, pollution of organotin including butyltin, octyltin andphenyltins, is investigated in offshore sediments from56stations in the Bohai Sea,the Yellow Sea and the Yangtze River Estuary. The high concentrations of OTCsare found mainly in the port and shipping terminals, indicating that antifoulingpaint is still the major release source of the organotin pollution. Compared withthe existing monitoring data from home and abroad, domestic pollution levels in marine sediments are significantly lower than those in other countries, and keepbasically stable.
引文
[1] Hoch M. Organotin compounds in environment-an review. Applied Geochemistry,2001,16:719~743
[2]石孝洪,魏世强,李军.有机锡化合物的环境化学行为及效应.重庆大学学报,2003,26(7):104~107
[3] Gac M. L., Gaetane L., Martine Potin-G.. Rapid determination of organotin compounds byheadspace sold-phase microextraction. Journal of Chromatography A,2003,999:123~134
[4]梁淑轩,孙汉文.有机锡的环境污染及监测方法研究进展.环境与健康杂志,2004,21(6):425~427
[5] Carlsen E., Giwereman A., Keiding N., et al. Evidence for decreasing quality of semen duringpast50years. Br Med,1999,305:609~613
[6] U. S. EPA. Endocine disruptor screening and testing advisort committee (EDSTAC) finalreport (2001). Washingtong D. C.:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
[7] Craig P. J., Rapsonmankis S. Reaction of methyl cobalam in with tin and lead compounds.Inorg. Chin. Acta.,1995,107:39~43
[8] Fenton K. Organotin compounds in fresh water and municrpal wastewater. Contamination fate,in treatment process and ecotoxicoligical consequences. The science of Total Environment,1999,185:151~159
[9] Stab J. A., Trass T. P., Stoamberg. Determination of organotin compounds in the food web of ashadow freshwater lake in the Netherlands. Archives of Environmental Contan ination andToxicity,2003,31(3):319~328
[10]张偲,尹浩,李庆欣.海产品有毒物质污染的研究进展.热带海洋学报,2007,26(6):83~89
[11]王国彬,李南春,黄旭,等.国内466例有机锡中毒病例回顾性分析.临床医学,2011,24(3):59~60.
[12]骆焕荣,张雪静,徐少玲.有机锡化合物急性中毒51例.中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2005,23(4):309~311
[13]代佼,王正虹,李林.三甲基氯化锡的毒性及危害研究进展.现代预防医学,2011,38(8):1422~1423,1425
[14]高尔金,唐伟,孟建新,等.有机锡热稳定剂的毒性及其控制欲防护.塑料助剂,2011,2:46~49
[15]Sadiki A., Willian D. T. Speciation of organotin and organolead compound in drinking waterby gas chromatography-atomic emission spectrometry. Chemosphere,1996,32(0):1983~1992
[16]Harino H., Fukushima M., Kurokawa Y., et al. Susceptibility of bacterial populations toorganotin compounds in environmental water. Environmental Pollution,1998,32(3):157~162
[17]Oliveira R. D. C., Santelli R. E. Occurrence and chemical speciation analysis of organotincompounds in the environment: A review. Talanta,2010,82:9~24
[18]姜琴,施鹏飞,胡喜兰.有机锡分析检测技术与产业化.化学试剂,2011,33(11):1014~1018
[19]崔福义,任刚.饮用水的有机锡问题及对策.环境工程学报,2007,1(1):1~6
[20]王建军,胡中文,雷金林. PVC热稳定剂及国内发展现状.塑料助剂,2005,5:5~12
[21]刘岭梅. PVC加工用热稳定剂概述.聚氯乙烯,2001,2:43~48
[22]程肖飞,王礼,于静.有机锡稳定剂在PVC加工中的应用.聚氯乙烯,2011,39(4):33~34
[23]马群锋,郭彬,杨月琴.甲基锡及其复合热稳定剂在PVDC中的应用.聚氯乙烯,2011,39(6):27~29
[24]黄迎红,王亚雄.我国有机锡热稳定剂生产现状与研究进展.现代化工,2007,27(9):13~16
[25]马玫,胡行俊,雷祖碧,等. ABS/PVC合金的热稳定性分析.合成材料老化与应用,2005,24(1):11~13
[26]袁玲玲.工业产品及环境中有机锡的分析方法研究:[硕士学位论文].青岛:中国海洋大学化学化工学院,2006
[27]陈自力,王瑾,陈小珍.聚氯乙烯塑料包装材料中9种有机锡化合物的同时测定.食品工业科技,2010,31(9):363~366
[28]叶曦雯,蔡发,牛增元,等.微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱筛选法对电子电气产品塑料部件中有机锡的测定.分析测试学报,2009,28(12):1410~1414
[29]岳大磊,肖达辉,周明辉,等.红外光谱法定性筛选电子电气产品中有机锡的方法研究.检验检疫学刊,2009,19(6):31~34
[30]徐琴,牛增元,叶曦雯,等.液相色谱-质谱法对电子电气产品塑料部件中有机锡的测定.分析测试学报,2009,28(11):1270~1274
[31]李刚,王英玲,邵军,等.有机锡的应用研究进展.菏泽医学专科学校学报,2007,19(3):73~76
[32]张霞,刘文杰,刘雪锦.锡的毒性和测定.卫生研究,2002,31(4):322~324
[33]于立红,王孟雪,张有利.有机锡化合物对环境的污染及其毒性.黑龙江农业科技,2008,2:91~92
[34]杨校华,陈琼姜,顾刘金,等.有机锡农药的安全性评价.职业与健康,2003,19(9):34~36
[35]Blunden S. J., Evans C. J., Hutzinger O. Anthropogenic Compounds. The handbook ofEnvironmental Chemistry. Germany, Berlin: Part E, Springer-Verliag,1990
[36]黄洁,姜蓬勃,刘宏宇,等.无毒和低毒防污涂料的研究进展及存在问题.化工新型材料,2010,38(4):28~32,62
[37]王秀娟,沈海鹰,李敏.环境友好型海洋防污涂料的研究及进展.涂料工业,2010,40(3):64~66,70
[38]张纪亮,孙平,朱文文,等.三丁基锡生殖毒性的研究进展.北方环境,2011,23(8):68~69,168
[39]宋美芳,李杰.有机锡的污染及其生殖毒性.环境与职业医学,2005,6:45~49
[40]何腾云,罗正鸿,蔺存国,等.海洋防污涂料的研究进展.涂料工业,2007,37(5):36~39
[41]刁仁春.关于进一步推广《AFS公约》有关问题的探究.中国水运,2010,10(3):71~72
[42]黄长江,董巧香,雷瓒.我国东南沿海3港口有机锡污染的调查.海洋学报(中文版),2005,27(1):57~63
[43]程立军,姜晓黎,梁鸣.纺织品中有机锡化合物的检测.印染,2005,22:37~39
[44]王志元,张思群,钟怀宁,等.气相色谱/质谱法同时测定皮革及纺织品中的有机锡.中国皮革,2008,37(13):27~29
[45]李艳明,胡勇杰,刘金华.气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织助剂中的有机锡.色谱,2011,29(4):353~357.
[46]高俊敏,胡建英,郑泽根.有机锡的人体暴露分析.环境与健康杂志,2005,22(1):72~75
[47]牛增元,袁玲玲,叶曦雯,等.气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中的有机锡.纺织学报,2006,27(11):22~27
[48]胡志国.气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中的有机锡.质谱学报,2005,26(1):59~61
[49]胡勇杰.纺织品中有机锡化合物含量的测定.中国纤检,2007,3:19~22
[50]祝伟霞,刘亚风,杨冀州.阳离子固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定皮革制品中的4种三取代有机锡化合物.色谱,2010,28(9):867~871
[51]连秋燕.纺织品中有机锡化合物测定不确定度评估.纺织科技进展,2010,5:7~11
[52]方桂珍.木材防腐剂使用与环境安全性.中国安全科学学报,2004,14(2):66~70
[53]李玉栋.防腐木材应用指南.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[54]周慧明.木材防腐.北京:中国林业出版社,1991
[55]李云,振华.三丁基锡(TBTO)木材防腐剂国外发展现状及早我国的展望.木材工业,1994,8(1):47~51
[56]周名江,李正炎,颜天,等.海洋环境中的有机锡及其对海洋生物的影响.环境科学进展,1994,2(4):67~76
[57]周长杰,刘魁,王荣耕,等.海水中有机锡含量测定方法研究.河北科技大学学报,2011,32(1):20~25
[58]Valkim A. O., Seligman P. E., Stang P., et al.. Measurement of butyltin compounds in SanDiego. Marine Pollution Bulletin,1986,17:319~324
[59]Mamrie M. L. Tributyltin antifoulings: a threat to Hong Kong marine environment. Arch.Environ. Contam. Toxicol.,1991,20:299~304
[60]黄业茹,施均慧,任剑璋.海水及鲈鱼中有机锡的GC-MS分析.分析测试技术与仪器,1999,5(2):71~73
[61]Jiang G. B., Zou Q. F., Liu J. Y., et al.. Occurrence of butyltin compounds in the waters ofselect lakes, rivers and coastal environments from China. Environ. Pollut.,2001,115:81~87
[62]刘稷燕,江桂斌,徐明德.南极长城湾附近和台湾以南部分海域水样中丁基锡化合物分析.环境科学学报,2002,22(2):267~269
[63]Prego R., Cobelo-Garcia A.. Twentieth century overview of heavy metals in the Galician Rias(NW Iberian Peninsula). Environmental Pollution,2003,121:425~452
[64]高俊敏,胡建英,金晓辉.水环境中的有机锡污染调查.中国给水排水,2004,20(7):25~27
[65]Berto D., Giani M., Boscolo R., et al. Organotins (TBT and DBT) in water, sediments, andgastropods of the southern Venice lagoon (Italy). Mar. Pollut. Bull.,2007,55:425~435
[66]赵冬梅,王新红,马建强,等.厦门海域水体中有机锡的存在形态与含量分布.热带海洋学报,2007,26(4):76~81
[67]袁玲玲,牛增元,叶曦雯,等. GC-MS法测定青岛海滨海水中的有机锡.海洋湖沼通报,2007,1:62~68
[68]荆淼,于振花,王小如,等.高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱技术测定海水中锡化学形态.分析化学,2008,2:1023~1028
[69]邓利,陈大玮,黎韵,等.深圳大鹏湾和大亚湾近岸海水及潮间带动物的有机锡污染.热带海洋学报,2010,29(4):112~117
[70]吴宛青,张彬,姚子伟,等.渤海海域主要港口有机锡化合物监测分析.大连海事大学学报,2009,35(3):115~118
[71]朱仲良,焦金红,柴晓兰,等.顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定海水中丁基锡.同济大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(9):1324~1328
[72]吕华东,林麒.有机锡污染及其毒性作用研究现状.海峡预防医学杂志,2007,13(3):27~29
[73]陆贤昆.几种海洋微藻对三丁基锡化合物的迁移和转化作用.环境科学学报,1994,14(3):341~348
[74]Tam N. F. Y., Chong A. M. Y. Removal of tributyltin (TBT) by live and dead microalgal cells.J. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002,45:36~371
[75]王新红,吴玉玲,蔡雅容,等.厦门同安湾养殖海域有机锡化合物的污染历史及其来源分析.环境科学,2011,32(7):1917~1923
[76]Dowson P. H., Bubb J. M., Williams T. P., et al. Degradation of tributyltin in sediment infreshwater and estuarine marina sediment. Water Science and Technology,1993,28:133~137
[77]邓利,黎韵,陈大玮,等.深圳蛇口港及深圳湾潮间带动物的有机锡污染.环境科学与技术,2009,6:45~50
[78]黄晓丹,吴海莲,沈青,等.舟山海域腹足类动物性畸变研究.安徽农业科学,2011,39(22):13277~13278
[79]Kannan K., Tanabe S., Tatsukawa R.. Occurrence of butyltin residues in certain foodstuffs.Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.,1995,55:510~516
[80]丘红梅,刘桂华,姜杰,等.液相色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定动物性海产品中三丁基锡.中国预防医学杂志,2010,11(3):228~230.
[81]谢卫,王新红,郑金树,等.厦门海域疣荔枝螺体内有机锡化合物含量与分布特征.环境科学,2010,31(4):1072~1078
[82]李湘,余晶晶,李冰,等.高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子质谱法分析海洋沉积物中有机锡的形态.分析化学研究报告,2011,39(9):1400~1405.
[83]Diez S., Lacorte S., Viana P., et al. Survey of organotin compounds in rivers and coastalenvironments in Portugal1999-2000. Environ. Pollut.,2005,136:525~536
[84]沈海涛,马冰洁,高筱萍,等.气相色谱-质谱法测定水产品中的有机锡.中国卫生检验杂志,2008,18(1):69~70
[85]Axiaka V., Micallefa D., Muscata J., et al. Imposex as a biomonitoring tool for marinepollution by tributyltin: some ferther observations. Environment International,2003,28(8):743~749.
[86]江桂斌,刘稷燕,周群芳,等.我国部分内陆水域有机锡污染现状初探.环境科学学报,2000,20(5):636~638
[87]Fent K., Humn J. Phenyltins in water, sediment and biota of freshwater marines. Environ. Sci.Technol.,1991,25:956~963
[88]Tessier E., Amouroux D., Morin A., et al.(Tri)Butyltin biotic degradation rates and pathwaysin different compartments of a freshwater model ecosystem. Sci. Total Environ.,2007,388:214~233
[89]田峰,隋铭皓,张可佳,等.三丁基锡对我国水环境的污染状况及对饮用水安全的威胁.现代化工,2010,30(2):7~11
[90]王连生,等.有机污染化学进展(上).南京:南京大学出版社,1991,87~122
[91]Sadiki A., Willian D. T., Carrier R., et al. Plot study on the contamination of drinking water byorganotin compounds from PVC materials. Chemosphere,1996,32(12):2389~2398
[92]Sadiki A., Williams D. A study on organotin levels in Canadian drinking water distributedthrough PVC pipes. Chemosphere,1999,38(7):1541~1548.
[93]Forsyth D. S., Jay B. Organotin leachates in drinking water from chlorinated poly(vinylchloride)(CPVC) pipe. Applied Organometallic Chemistry,1997,11:551~558
[94]高俊敏,胡建英,郑泽根,等.北方城市给排水中有机锡污染调查研究.给水排水,2004,30(7):15~19
[95]李娟,万益群,申明月,等.气相色谱-火焰光度法测定自来水中三丁基锡和三苯基锡.食品科学,2009,30(22):244~246.
[96]邱士起,柯建厚,谭爱军,等.含锡化学物污染地下水引起中毒事件专项调查与探讨.中国预防医学杂志,2005,6(6):514~517
[97]Nikolaou D., Gatidou G. M., Golfinopoulos S. K., et al. A one-year survey of organotincompounds in the reservoirs supplying the drinking water treatment plants of Athens. Greece:Desalination,2007,20:24~30
[98]孙长顺,金奇庭,郭新超,等.无机柱撑膨润土对有机锡废水中锡的吸附研究.环境污染与防治,2007,29(10):749~753
[99]Pinel-Raffaitin P., Amouroux D., LeHecho I., et al. Occurrence and distribution of organotincompounds in leachates and biogases from municipal landfills. Water Research,2008,42:987~996
[100]蒋以元,高俊敏,杨敏,等. O3-BAC污水深度处理工艺对有机锡和壬基酚的去除.水处理技术,2006,32(9):45~47
[101]郝斌,王爱红.采用UV/O3改善有机锡浓缩废水的可生化性.塑料助剂,2007,5:52~55
[102]赵孔祥,赵云峰,吴永宁.中国居民膳食有机锡污染水平和摄入量.中华预防医学杂志,2007,41(6):453~457
[103]Heroult J., Bueno M., Potin-Gartier M., et al. Organotin speciation in French brandies andwines by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-Pulsed flame photometricdetection. J. Chromat. A,2008,1180:122~130
[104]万益群,马雅倩,毛雪金,等.气相色谱-质谱法测定酒样中多种有机锡化合物.南昌大学学报(理科版),2011,35(4):348~352
[105]李娟,申明月,鄢爱平,等.气相色谱-火焰光度法测定大米中三丁基锡和三苯基锡.食品与生物技术学报,2011,30(4):571~575
[106]Penza M., Jeremic M., Marrazzo E., et al. The environmental chemical tributyltin (TBT)shows both estrogenic and adipogenic activities in mice which might depend on the exposuredose. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,2011,255:65~75
[107]Suominen K., Hallikainen A., Ruokojarvi P., et al. Occurrence of PCDD/F, PCB, PBDE,PFAS, and organotin compounds in fish meal, fish oil and fish feed. Chemosphere,2011,85:300~306
[108]Campillo N., Vinas P., Penalver R., et al. Solid-phase microextrction followed by gaschromatography for the speciation of organotin compounds in honey and wine samples: Acomparison of atomic emission and mass spectrometry detectors. J. Food Composition andAnalysis,2012,25:66~73
[109]付善良,张莹,肖家勇,等.在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱-质谱法测定茶叶中有种有机锡化合物残留.分析测试技术与仪器,2010,16(4):262~267
[110]姜杰,丘红梅,林凯,等.海产品只能怪有机锡的改性绿茶分离-石墨炉原子吸收测定法.环境与健康杂志,2010,27(11):1007~1009
[111]Montigny C., Lespes G., Potin-Gautier M. Matrix effects and selectivity of the detector in thedetermination of butyl-and phenytins by gas chromatography-flame photometric detection.Journal of Chromatography A,1998,819:221~230
[112]夏莲,赖子尼,廖艳,等.气相色谱法测定有机锡化合物的样品前处理技术.广州微量元素科学,2003,10(8):17~23
[113]Montigny C. B., Lespes G., Gautier M. P. Optimization of the storage of natural freshwatersbefore organotin speciation. Wat. Res. Vol.,2001,35(1):224~232
[114]全夑,陈硕,薛大明,等.海洋环境中有机锡分析方法研究进展.海洋环境科学,1996,15(2):62~68
[115]王秀嫔,金海燕,陈立钢,等.在线固相萃取富集高效液相色谱法测定水中有机锡化合物.分析化学,2007,35(11):1669~1672
[116]Hocha M., Bandarab A. Determination of the adsorption process of tributyltin (TBT) andmonobutyltin (MBT) onto kaolinite surface using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)spectroscopy. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects,2005,253:117~124
[117]Sanz-Asensio J., Martynez-Soria M.T., Plaza-Medina M., et al. Simultaneous determinationof organotin compounds by hydride generation-gas phase molecular absorption spectrometry.Talanta,2001,54:953~962
[118]宫本玲,刘永铭,徐玉丽.石墨炉原子吸收法测定海水中的三丁基锡.海洋环境科学,1998,17(1):58~61
[119]连晓文,胡曙光,梁春穗,等.原子吸收法测定食物油中锡的方法探讨.中国卫生检验杂志,2004,14(5):563~569
[120]臧良树,张炯,王倩.增敏溶出伏安法测定防污漆中有机锡的含量.辽宁大学学报,2004,31(3):199~205
[121]Thompson J. A. J., Sheffer M. G., et al. Organotin compounds in the aquatic environment.Canada Environ., Secretariat,1985
[122]狄兰兰,蔺存国,郑纪勇,等. HPLC在海洋船舶涂料防污剂检测中的应用.涂料工业,2008,38(12):56~59
[123]崔彦杰,巢静波,康天放,等.高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定牡蛎中的有机锡.质谱学报,2011,32(2):82~85
[124]于振花,荆淼,王小如,等.液液萃取-高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱同时测定海水中的多种有机锡.光谱学与光谱分析,2009,29(10):2855～2859
[125]De Bettencourt A. M. M., Andreae M.O., Cais Y., et al. Organotin in the Tagus estuary.Aquatic Ecology,1999,33:271~280
[126]Liu J. M., Jiang G. B., Liu J. Y., et al. Evaluation of methyltin and butyltin pollution inBeijing Guanting reservoir and its downriver Yongding River. Bull. Environ. Contam.Toxicol.,2003,70:219~225
[127]Bancon-Montigny C., Lespes G., Potin-Gautier M.. Organo-tin survey in the Adour-Garonnebasin. Water Research,2004,38:933~946
[128]Gao J. M., Hu J. Y., Zhen H., et al. Organotin compounds in the three gorges reservoir regionof the Yangtze River. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.,2006,76:155~162
[129]杨瑞强,周群芳,张庆华,等.太湖水体中丁基锡化合物污染现状研究.环境科学.2006,27(4):661~663
[130]崔连艳,刘绍从,吕刚.固相微萃取-气质联用测定海河水中痕量有机锡.化学试剂,2008,30(1):23~25
[131]李红莉,高虹,徐晓琳,等.有机锡化合物在中国环境行为的研究状况.环境科学动态,2003,2:15~17
[132]全夑,陈硕,薛大明,等.有机锡污染物在海洋沉积物中的迁移和转化.海洋环境科学,1995,14(4):21~25
[133]严峻,张干,闵育顺,等.珠江三角洲表层沉积物中丁基锡的初步测定.环境科学研究,2000,13(6):43~45
[134]袁东星,钟数明,杨东宁.厦门西港和闽江口表层沉积物中有机锡含量分布.台湾海峡,2001,21(1):91~95
[135]张贵能.高雄港区有机锡分布及其污染史研究.台湾:国立中山大学海洋资源研究所,2004
[136]Wang X. H., Hong H. S., Zhao D. M., et al. Environmental behavior of organotin compoundsin the coastal environment of Xiamen, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2008,57(6-12):419~424
[137]雷瓒.有机锡分析方法的建立及东南沿海有机锡污染现状调查:[硕士学位论文].广东:暨南大学,2003
[138]Tolosa I., Merlini L., De Bertrand N., et al. Occurrence and fate of tributyl-and triphenyltincompounds in western Mediterranean coastal enclosures. J. Environ. Toxicol. Chem.,1992,11(2):145~155
[139]Mora S. J. de, Steward C., Phillips D. Sources and rate of degradation of tri(n-butyl)tin inmarine sediments near Auckland, New Zealand. Mar. Pollut. Bull.,1995,30:50~57
[140]McGee B. L., Schilekat C. E., Boward D. M., et al. Sediment contamination and biologicaleffects in Chesapeake Bay marina. Ecotoxicology,1995,4(1):39~59
[141]Page D. S., Ozbal C. C., Lanphear M. E. Concentration of butyltin species is sedimentsassociated with shipyard activity. Environ Pollut.,1996,91(2):237~243
[142]Ceulemans M., Slaets S., Adams F. Speciation of organotin in environmental sedimentsamples[J]. Talanta,1998,46:395~405
[143]Gomez-Ariza J. L., Beltran R., Morales E., et al. Acid extraction treatment of sedimentsamples for organotin speciation: Occurrence of butyl and phenyltin compounds on theCadiz Coast, South-West Spain. Appl. Organomet. Chem.,1995,9:51~64
[144]Delucchi F., Tombesi N. B., Freije R. H., et al. Butyltin compounds in sediments of the BahiaBlanc Estuary, Argentina. Environ. Monit. Assess,2007,132:445~451
[145]Cornelissen G., Pettersen A., Nesse E., et al. The contribution of ruban runoff to organiccontaminant levels in harbor sediments near two Norwegian cities. Mar. Pollut. Bull.,2008,56:565~573
[146]Sousa Ana C.A., Oliveira I. B., Laranjeiro F., et al. Organotin levels in Nazare canyon (westIberian Margin, NE Atlantic) and adjacent coastal area. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2012,64:422~426
[147]王家林,葛斌,刘丽丽.海洋环境中的三丁基锡污染.环境监测管理与技术,2009,21(6):15~19,55
[148]牛增元,袁玲玲,叶曦雯,等.固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱法同时测定涂料中的8种有机锡.分析科学学报,2008,24(6):668~672
[149]臧树良,张炯,王倩,等.增敏溶出伏安法测定防污漆中的有机锡含量.辽宁大学学报,2004,31(3):199~201,205
[150]谢永红,苏荣国,张丽笑,等.三丁基锡对中国近海常见海洋微藻的毒性效应.生态环境学报,2011,20(6-7):1075~1080
[151]卢大胜,汪国权,温忆敏. C18固相萃取与GC-MS对生物基质样品中有机锡的测定.分析测试学报,2008,27(增刊):171~174
[152]崔维刚,李景喜,陈发荣,等.高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定浒苔中总锡及有机锡形态.分析实验室,2010,29(7):49~52
[153]许锦华,杨桂娣,郑进平,等. CE与ICP-MS联用分析测定不同形态的三有机锡化合物.分析化学,2009,37(增刊):186
[154]冯晓翔. SPE-GC-MS法对渤海水体中有机锡化合物的痕量分析.北方环境,2011,23(11):248~249
[155]魏云波,张瑞凌,周延生,等.有机锡化合物污染及其对鱼类的毒性效应.科技向导,2011,32:7
[156]Harino H., Fucushima M., Ymamoto Y., et al. Contamination of butyltin and Phenyltincompounds in marine environment of Oscuchi Bay. Environmental Pollution,1998,101:209~214
[157]邓利,倪睿,钟毅,等.深圳蛇口港及其邻近海域海水有机锡污染.环境科学学报,2008,28(8):1681~1687
[158]万益群,马雅倩,毛雪金,等.气相色谱-质谱法测定酒样中多种有机锡化合物.南昌大学学报(理科版),2011,35(4):348~352.
[159]陈湘莹,何彩.微波消解/HG-AFS法测定海产品中总锡含量.中国热带医学,2009,9(1):153~154
[160]卢大胜,汪国权,温忆敏,等.四乙基硼化钠衍生化和GC-MS测定水产品中的有机锡.环境与职业医学,2009,26(4):412~416.
[161]吕华东,傅武胜,林麒,等.贝类水产品中有机锡的气相色谱-脉冲火焰光度法测定研究.分析试验室,2008,27(10):38~41
[162]丘红梅,张慧敏,申治国,等.液相色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定海产品中TPT.中国卫生检验杂志,2008,18(11):2197~2198,2203
[163]赵孔祥,赵云峰,凌云,储晓刚,吴永宁.水产品及葡萄酒中有机锡污染水平的分析.卫生研究,2008,37(3):327~331
[164]俞是聃,肖毓铨,陈晓秋,等.气相色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定海产品中有机锡的研究.福建分析测试,2008,17(1):40~43
[165]赵孔祥,赵云峰,付武胜,等.气相色谱-脉冲火焰光度法测定水产品中有机锡的研究.中国食品卫生杂志,2008,20(2):130~135
[166]丘红梅,刘桂华,于振花,等. LC-ICP-MS联用测定海产品中有机锡.实用预防医学,2008,15(5):1342~1344
[167]于振花,荆淼,王庚,等.高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用同时检测海产品中的多种有机锡.分析化学,2008,36(8):1035~1039
[168]丘红梅,邓利,张慧敏,等.微波消解/ICP-MS法测定海产品中总锡.实用预防医学,2007,14(3):614~616
[169]Diez S., Abalos M., Bayona J. M. Organotin contamination in sediments from the WesternMediterranean enclosures following10years of TBT regulation. Water Research,2002,36:905~918
[170]Serra H., Nogueira J. M. F.. Organotin speciation in environmental matrices by automatedon-line hydride generation-programmed temperature vaporization-capillary gaschromatography-mass spectrometry detection. J. Chromatography A,2005,1094:130~137.
[171]Wade T. L., Sweet S. T., Klein A. G. Assessment of sediment contamination in Casco Bay,Maine, USA. Environ. Pollut.,2008,152:505~521
[172]Chi-Chi C., Maw-Rong L. Determination of organotin compounds in water by headspacesolid phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal ofChromatography A,2005,1064:1~8
[173]Encinar J. R., Gonzalez P. R., Alonso J. I. G., et al. Evaluation of Extraction Techniques forthe Determination of Butyltin Compounds in Sediments Using Isotope Dilution-GC/ICPMSwith118Sn and119Sn-Enriched Species. Anal. Chem.2002,74:270~281
[174]G-Toledo E., Ramon C., Maria D. P. Determination of triorganotin species in water samplesby liquid chromatography-electrospray-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A,2002,946:1~8
[175]Encinar J. R., Villar M. I. M., Santamaria V. G., et al. Simultaneous Determination of Mono-,Di-, and Tributyltin in Sediments by Isotope Dilution Analysis Using Gas Chromatography–ICPMS. Anal. Chem.2001,73:3174~3180
[176]Btavo M., Lespes G., I. Gregori D., et al. Identification of sulfur interferences duringorganotin determination in harbour sediment samples by sodium tetraethyl borate ethylationand gas chromatography-pulsed-fame photometric detection. Journal of Chromatography A,2004,1046:217~224
[177]Galbacs G., Szorcsik A., Galbacs Z. Slurry mobilization ICP-AES spectrometry method forthe determination of tin in organotin(IV) complexes. Talanta,2000(52):1061~1067
[178]Montigny C. B., Maxwell P., Lu Y. Improvement of Measurement-Precision ofSPME-GC/MS Determination of Tributyltin Using Isotope Dilution Calibration. Anal. Chim.2002,74:5606~5613
[179]Lu Y., Zoltan M., Ralph E. S. Species-Specific Isotope Dilution-Based Calibration for TraceElement Speciation and Its Combined Uncertainty Evaluation: Determination of Tributyltinin Sediment by HPLC-ICPMS. Anal. Chim.,2002,74:2968~2976
[180]Marcel G., Monique B., Dick de V. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro antitumor activityof di-and triorganotin derivatives of polyoxa-and biologically relevant carboxylic acids.Journal of Biochemistry,2000,79:139~145
[181]Cukrowska E., Chimuka L., Nsengimana H. Application of supported liquid membraneprobe for extraction and preconcentration of organotin compounds from environmental watersamples. Analytica Chemica Acta,2004,523:141~147
[182]Arkis E., Balkōse D. Thermal stabilisation of poly (vinyl chloride) by organotin compounds.Polymer Degradation and Stability,2005,88:46~51
[183]Shinji T., Takashi M., Hirotaka S. et al.. Analysis of organotin compounds by grignardderivatization and gas chromatography-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. Journal ofChromatography A,2002,962:197~206
[184]Morabito R., Massanisso P., Quevauviller P. Derivatization methods for the determination oforganotin compounds in environmental samples. Trend in Analytical Chemistry,2000,19(2+3):113~119
[185]Gonzalez-Toledo E., Mario. B, Ramon C. et al.. Speciation of organotin compounds inshellfish by liquid chromatography–fluorimetric detection. Anal. Chem. A,2001,443:183~190
[186]Encarna G. T., R. Compano, M. Granados, et al.. Detection techniques in speciation analysisof organotin compounds by liquid chromatography. Trends in Analytical Chemistry,2003,22(1):26~33
[187]Pellegrino C., Massanisso P., Morbito R. Comparison of twelve selected extraction methodsfor the determination of butyl-and phenyltin compounds in mussel samples. Trends in Anal.Chem.,2000,19(2+3):97~106
[188]Ndungu K., Mathiasson L. Microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction techniquecombined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry for· the determination of organotincompounds. Anal. Chem. A.,2000,404:319~328
[189]Ikonomou M. G., Fernandez M. P., He T., et al. Gas chromatography-high-resolution massspectrometry based method for the simultaneous determination of nine organotin compoundsin water, sediment and tissue. Journal of Chromatography A,2002,975:319~333
[190]Millan E., Pawliszyn J. Determination of butyltin species in water and sediment bysolid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Journal ofChromatography A,2000,873:63~71
[191]Chiron S., Roy S., Cottier R., et al. Speciation of butyl-and phenyltin compounds insediments using pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-inductively coupledplasma mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A,2000,879:137~145
[192]Colombini V, Montigny C. B., Yang L., et al.. Headspace single-drop microextraction for thedetection of organotin compounds. Talanta,2004,63:555~560
[193]Puri B. K., Munoz-Olivas R., Camara C.. A new polymeric adsorbent for screening andpre-concentration of organotin compounds in sediments and seawater samples.Spectrochimica Acta Part B,2004,59:209~214
[194]Ph. Quevauviller, Ariese F. New sediment reference material for the quality control ofbutyltin and phenyltin analysis. Trends in analytical chemistry,2001,20(4):207~218
[195]Laughlin R. B. Bioaccumulation of TBT by aquatic organics. Organotin-environment fateand effects. London: Chapman Hall,2002,331~357
[196]Gao J. M., Hu J.Y., Wan Y, et al. Butyltin compounds distribution in the coastal waters ofbohai bay in china. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2004,5:72
[197]Magurie R J. Auquatic environmental aspects of nonpesticidal organotin compounds. WaterPoll. Research of Canada,2002,34(6):391~399.
[198]高峻敏,郑泽根.环境系统中有机锡化合物的分布和归宿.上海环境科学,2003,22(增刊):20~25
[199]黄清辉,沈焕庭. GC-MS法在测定河口海岸环境样品中有机锡化合物的应用.环境科学动态,2000,3:28~31
[200]江桂斌,徐福正,何滨等.有机锡化合物测定方法研究进展.海洋环境科学,1999,18(3):61~68
[201]王永芳.有机锡化合物的污染及其毒性.中国食品卫生杂志,2003,15(3):244~247
[202]吴惠勒,张桂英,曾莉.有毒猪油中有机锡的GC-MS测定.分析测试学报,1999,18(6):67~69
[203]夏莲,廖艳,余煌棉.固相微萃取技术及其对监测水体中有机锡化合物的应用.环境保护,2004,2:19~21
[204]周群芳,江桂斌,徐振全.丁基锡化合物丙基衍生物的质谱分析.光谱实验室,1999,16(6):624~629
[205]周群芳,江桂斌,吴迪靖.猪油样品中有机锡化合物的气相色谱-火焰光度法及气相色谱一质谱联用分析.分析化学,2001,29(4):453~456
[206]周群芳,江桂斌.气相色谱法在有机锡化合物形态分离与测定中的应用.分析科学学报,2002,18(3):240~246
[207]雷改,黄长江,贾丽等.沿海港口表层沉积物中三丁基锡化合物的顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱测定分析测试学报,2003,22(2):28~30
[208]刘穆燕,江桂斌.顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱表面发射火焰光度检测法测定底泥中的丁基锡化合物.分析化学,2001,29(2):158~160
[209]程慧琼,刘稷燕,江桂斌.顶空固相微萃取技术用于海产品中丁基锡化合物的测定.色谱,2003,21(4):418~420
[210]迟杰,黄国兰.环境中有机锡化合物形态分析方法进展.环境科学进展,1999,7(2):31~39
[211]胡志国.气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中的有机锡.质谱学报,2005,26(1):59~61
[212]秦晓光,张经.天然水体中有机锡的富集分离方法.海洋环境科学,2001,20(3):59~64
[213]徐福正,江桂斌,张福军.气相色谱-表面发射火焰光度法测定环境水样中的二辛基锡.分析化学,1997,12(25):1386~1390
[214]丁明玉,陈培榕,罗国安,等.超临界流体萃取法对有机锡化合物的选择性萃取.色谱,1997,15(6):527~529
[215]Zuliani T., Lespes G., Milacic R., et al. Development of the extraction method of the
simultaneous determination of butyl-, phenyl-octyltin compounds in sewage sludge. Talanta,
2010,80:1945~1951
[2]石孝洪,魏世强,李军.有机锡化合物的环境化学行为及效应.重庆大学学报,2003,26(7):104~107
[3] Gac M. L., Gaetane L., Martine Potin-G.. Rapid determination of organotin compounds byheadspace sold-phase microextraction. Journal of Chromatography A,2003,999:123~134
[4]梁淑轩,孙汉文.有机锡的环境污染及监测方法研究进展.环境与健康杂志,2004,21(6):425~427
[5] Carlsen E., Giwereman A., Keiding N., et al. Evidence for decreasing quality of semen duringpast50years. Br Med,1999,305:609~613
[6] U. S. EPA. Endocine disruptor screening and testing advisort committee (EDSTAC) finalreport (2001). Washingtong D. C.:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
[7] Craig P. J., Rapsonmankis S. Reaction of methyl cobalam in with tin and lead compounds.Inorg. Chin. Acta.,1995,107:39~43
[8] Fenton K. Organotin compounds in fresh water and municrpal wastewater. Contamination fate,in treatment process and ecotoxicoligical consequences. The science of Total Environment,1999,185:151~159
[9] Stab J. A., Trass T. P., Stoamberg. Determination of organotin compounds in the food web of ashadow freshwater lake in the Netherlands. Archives of Environmental Contan ination andToxicity,2003,31(3):319~328
[10]张偲,尹浩,李庆欣.海产品有毒物质污染的研究进展.热带海洋学报,2007,26(6):83~89
[11]王国彬,李南春,黄旭,等.国内466例有机锡中毒病例回顾性分析.临床医学,2011,24(3):59~60.
[12]骆焕荣,张雪静,徐少玲.有机锡化合物急性中毒51例.中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2005,23(4):309~311
[13]代佼,王正虹,李林.三甲基氯化锡的毒性及危害研究进展.现代预防医学,2011,38(8):1422~1423,1425
[14]高尔金,唐伟,孟建新,等.有机锡热稳定剂的毒性及其控制欲防护.塑料助剂,2011,2:46~49
[15]Sadiki A., Willian D. T. Speciation of organotin and organolead compound in drinking waterby gas chromatography-atomic emission spectrometry. Chemosphere,1996,32(0):1983~1992
[16]Harino H., Fukushima M., Kurokawa Y., et al. Susceptibility of bacterial populations toorganotin compounds in environmental water. Environmental Pollution,1998,32(3):157~162
[17]Oliveira R. D. C., Santelli R. E. Occurrence and chemical speciation analysis of organotincompounds in the environment: A review. Talanta,2010,82:9~24
[18]姜琴,施鹏飞,胡喜兰.有机锡分析检测技术与产业化.化学试剂,2011,33(11):1014~1018
[19]崔福义,任刚.饮用水的有机锡问题及对策.环境工程学报,2007,1(1):1~6
[20]王建军,胡中文,雷金林. PVC热稳定剂及国内发展现状.塑料助剂,2005,5:5~12
[21]刘岭梅. PVC加工用热稳定剂概述.聚氯乙烯,2001,2:43~48
[22]程肖飞,王礼,于静.有机锡稳定剂在PVC加工中的应用.聚氯乙烯,2011,39(4):33~34
[23]马群锋,郭彬,杨月琴.甲基锡及其复合热稳定剂在PVDC中的应用.聚氯乙烯,2011,39(6):27~29
[24]黄迎红,王亚雄.我国有机锡热稳定剂生产现状与研究进展.现代化工,2007,27(9):13~16
[25]马玫,胡行俊,雷祖碧,等. ABS/PVC合金的热稳定性分析.合成材料老化与应用,2005,24(1):11~13
[26]袁玲玲.工业产品及环境中有机锡的分析方法研究:[硕士学位论文].青岛:中国海洋大学化学化工学院,2006
[27]陈自力,王瑾,陈小珍.聚氯乙烯塑料包装材料中9种有机锡化合物的同时测定.食品工业科技,2010,31(9):363~366
[28]叶曦雯,蔡发,牛增元,等.微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱筛选法对电子电气产品塑料部件中有机锡的测定.分析测试学报,2009,28(12):1410~1414
[29]岳大磊,肖达辉,周明辉,等.红外光谱法定性筛选电子电气产品中有机锡的方法研究.检验检疫学刊,2009,19(6):31~34
[30]徐琴,牛增元,叶曦雯,等.液相色谱-质谱法对电子电气产品塑料部件中有机锡的测定.分析测试学报,2009,28(11):1270~1274
[31]李刚,王英玲,邵军,等.有机锡的应用研究进展.菏泽医学专科学校学报,2007,19(3):73~76
[32]张霞,刘文杰,刘雪锦.锡的毒性和测定.卫生研究,2002,31(4):322~324
[33]于立红,王孟雪,张有利.有机锡化合物对环境的污染及其毒性.黑龙江农业科技,2008,2:91~92
[34]杨校华,陈琼姜,顾刘金,等.有机锡农药的安全性评价.职业与健康,2003,19(9):34~36
[35]Blunden S. J., Evans C. J., Hutzinger O. Anthropogenic Compounds. The handbook ofEnvironmental Chemistry. Germany, Berlin: Part E, Springer-Verliag,1990
[36]黄洁,姜蓬勃,刘宏宇,等.无毒和低毒防污涂料的研究进展及存在问题.化工新型材料,2010,38(4):28~32,62
[37]王秀娟,沈海鹰,李敏.环境友好型海洋防污涂料的研究及进展.涂料工业,2010,40(3):64~66,70
[38]张纪亮,孙平,朱文文,等.三丁基锡生殖毒性的研究进展.北方环境,2011,23(8):68~69,168
[39]宋美芳,李杰.有机锡的污染及其生殖毒性.环境与职业医学,2005,6:45~49
[40]何腾云,罗正鸿,蔺存国,等.海洋防污涂料的研究进展.涂料工业,2007,37(5):36~39
[41]刁仁春.关于进一步推广《AFS公约》有关问题的探究.中国水运,2010,10(3):71~72
[42]黄长江,董巧香,雷瓒.我国东南沿海3港口有机锡污染的调查.海洋学报(中文版),2005,27(1):57~63
[43]程立军,姜晓黎,梁鸣.纺织品中有机锡化合物的检测.印染,2005,22:37~39
[44]王志元,张思群,钟怀宁,等.气相色谱/质谱法同时测定皮革及纺织品中的有机锡.中国皮革,2008,37(13):27~29
[45]李艳明,胡勇杰,刘金华.气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织助剂中的有机锡.色谱,2011,29(4):353~357.
[46]高俊敏,胡建英,郑泽根.有机锡的人体暴露分析.环境与健康杂志,2005,22(1):72~75
[47]牛增元,袁玲玲,叶曦雯,等.气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中的有机锡.纺织学报,2006,27(11):22~27
[48]胡志国.气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中的有机锡.质谱学报,2005,26(1):59~61
[49]胡勇杰.纺织品中有机锡化合物含量的测定.中国纤检,2007,3:19~22
[50]祝伟霞,刘亚风,杨冀州.阳离子固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定皮革制品中的4种三取代有机锡化合物.色谱,2010,28(9):867~871
[51]连秋燕.纺织品中有机锡化合物测定不确定度评估.纺织科技进展,2010,5:7~11
[52]方桂珍.木材防腐剂使用与环境安全性.中国安全科学学报,2004,14(2):66~70
[53]李玉栋.防腐木材应用指南.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[54]周慧明.木材防腐.北京:中国林业出版社,1991
[55]李云,振华.三丁基锡(TBTO)木材防腐剂国外发展现状及早我国的展望.木材工业,1994,8(1):47~51
[56]周名江,李正炎,颜天,等.海洋环境中的有机锡及其对海洋生物的影响.环境科学进展,1994,2(4):67~76
[57]周长杰,刘魁,王荣耕,等.海水中有机锡含量测定方法研究.河北科技大学学报,2011,32(1):20~25
[58]Valkim A. O., Seligman P. E., Stang P., et al.. Measurement of butyltin compounds in SanDiego. Marine Pollution Bulletin,1986,17:319~324
[59]Mamrie M. L. Tributyltin antifoulings: a threat to Hong Kong marine environment. Arch.Environ. Contam. Toxicol.,1991,20:299~304
[60]黄业茹,施均慧,任剑璋.海水及鲈鱼中有机锡的GC-MS分析.分析测试技术与仪器,1999,5(2):71~73
[61]Jiang G. B., Zou Q. F., Liu J. Y., et al.. Occurrence of butyltin compounds in the waters ofselect lakes, rivers and coastal environments from China. Environ. Pollut.,2001,115:81~87
[62]刘稷燕,江桂斌,徐明德.南极长城湾附近和台湾以南部分海域水样中丁基锡化合物分析.环境科学学报,2002,22(2):267~269
[63]Prego R., Cobelo-Garcia A.. Twentieth century overview of heavy metals in the Galician Rias(NW Iberian Peninsula). Environmental Pollution,2003,121:425~452
[64]高俊敏,胡建英,金晓辉.水环境中的有机锡污染调查.中国给水排水,2004,20(7):25~27
[65]Berto D., Giani M., Boscolo R., et al. Organotins (TBT and DBT) in water, sediments, andgastropods of the southern Venice lagoon (Italy). Mar. Pollut. Bull.,2007,55:425~435
[66]赵冬梅,王新红,马建强,等.厦门海域水体中有机锡的存在形态与含量分布.热带海洋学报,2007,26(4):76~81
[67]袁玲玲,牛增元,叶曦雯,等. GC-MS法测定青岛海滨海水中的有机锡.海洋湖沼通报,2007,1:62~68
[68]荆淼,于振花,王小如,等.高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱技术测定海水中锡化学形态.分析化学,2008,2:1023~1028
[69]邓利,陈大玮,黎韵,等.深圳大鹏湾和大亚湾近岸海水及潮间带动物的有机锡污染.热带海洋学报,2010,29(4):112~117
[70]吴宛青,张彬,姚子伟,等.渤海海域主要港口有机锡化合物监测分析.大连海事大学学报,2009,35(3):115~118
[71]朱仲良,焦金红,柴晓兰,等.顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定海水中丁基锡.同济大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(9):1324~1328
[72]吕华东,林麒.有机锡污染及其毒性作用研究现状.海峡预防医学杂志,2007,13(3):27~29
[73]陆贤昆.几种海洋微藻对三丁基锡化合物的迁移和转化作用.环境科学学报,1994,14(3):341~348
[74]Tam N. F. Y., Chong A. M. Y. Removal of tributyltin (TBT) by live and dead microalgal cells.J. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002,45:36~371
[75]王新红,吴玉玲,蔡雅容,等.厦门同安湾养殖海域有机锡化合物的污染历史及其来源分析.环境科学,2011,32(7):1917~1923
[76]Dowson P. H., Bubb J. M., Williams T. P., et al. Degradation of tributyltin in sediment infreshwater and estuarine marina sediment. Water Science and Technology,1993,28:133~137
[77]邓利,黎韵,陈大玮,等.深圳蛇口港及深圳湾潮间带动物的有机锡污染.环境科学与技术,2009,6:45~50
[78]黄晓丹,吴海莲,沈青,等.舟山海域腹足类动物性畸变研究.安徽农业科学,2011,39(22):13277~13278
[79]Kannan K., Tanabe S., Tatsukawa R.. Occurrence of butyltin residues in certain foodstuffs.Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.,1995,55:510~516
[80]丘红梅,刘桂华,姜杰,等.液相色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定动物性海产品中三丁基锡.中国预防医学杂志,2010,11(3):228~230.
[81]谢卫,王新红,郑金树,等.厦门海域疣荔枝螺体内有机锡化合物含量与分布特征.环境科学,2010,31(4):1072~1078
[82]李湘,余晶晶,李冰,等.高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子质谱法分析海洋沉积物中有机锡的形态.分析化学研究报告,2011,39(9):1400~1405.
[83]Diez S., Lacorte S., Viana P., et al. Survey of organotin compounds in rivers and coastalenvironments in Portugal1999-2000. Environ. Pollut.,2005,136:525~536
[84]沈海涛,马冰洁,高筱萍,等.气相色谱-质谱法测定水产品中的有机锡.中国卫生检验杂志,2008,18(1):69~70
[85]Axiaka V., Micallefa D., Muscata J., et al. Imposex as a biomonitoring tool for marinepollution by tributyltin: some ferther observations. Environment International,2003,28(8):743~749.
[86]江桂斌,刘稷燕,周群芳,等.我国部分内陆水域有机锡污染现状初探.环境科学学报,2000,20(5):636~638
[87]Fent K., Humn J. Phenyltins in water, sediment and biota of freshwater marines. Environ. Sci.Technol.,1991,25:956~963
[88]Tessier E., Amouroux D., Morin A., et al.(Tri)Butyltin biotic degradation rates and pathwaysin different compartments of a freshwater model ecosystem. Sci. Total Environ.,2007,388:214~233
[89]田峰,隋铭皓,张可佳,等.三丁基锡对我国水环境的污染状况及对饮用水安全的威胁.现代化工,2010,30(2):7~11
[90]王连生,等.有机污染化学进展(上).南京:南京大学出版社,1991,87~122
[91]Sadiki A., Willian D. T., Carrier R., et al. Plot study on the contamination of drinking water byorganotin compounds from PVC materials. Chemosphere,1996,32(12):2389~2398
[92]Sadiki A., Williams D. A study on organotin levels in Canadian drinking water distributedthrough PVC pipes. Chemosphere,1999,38(7):1541~1548.
[93]Forsyth D. S., Jay B. Organotin leachates in drinking water from chlorinated poly(vinylchloride)(CPVC) pipe. Applied Organometallic Chemistry,1997,11:551~558
[94]高俊敏,胡建英,郑泽根,等.北方城市给排水中有机锡污染调查研究.给水排水,2004,30(7):15~19
[95]李娟,万益群,申明月,等.气相色谱-火焰光度法测定自来水中三丁基锡和三苯基锡.食品科学,2009,30(22):244~246.
[96]邱士起,柯建厚,谭爱军,等.含锡化学物污染地下水引起中毒事件专项调查与探讨.中国预防医学杂志,2005,6(6):514~517
[97]Nikolaou D., Gatidou G. M., Golfinopoulos S. K., et al. A one-year survey of organotincompounds in the reservoirs supplying the drinking water treatment plants of Athens. Greece:Desalination,2007,20:24~30
[98]孙长顺,金奇庭,郭新超,等.无机柱撑膨润土对有机锡废水中锡的吸附研究.环境污染与防治,2007,29(10):749~753
[99]Pinel-Raffaitin P., Amouroux D., LeHecho I., et al. Occurrence and distribution of organotincompounds in leachates and biogases from municipal landfills. Water Research,2008,42:987~996
[100]蒋以元,高俊敏,杨敏,等. O3-BAC污水深度处理工艺对有机锡和壬基酚的去除.水处理技术,2006,32(9):45~47
[101]郝斌,王爱红.采用UV/O3改善有机锡浓缩废水的可生化性.塑料助剂,2007,5:52~55
[102]赵孔祥,赵云峰,吴永宁.中国居民膳食有机锡污染水平和摄入量.中华预防医学杂志,2007,41(6):453~457
[103]Heroult J., Bueno M., Potin-Gartier M., et al. Organotin speciation in French brandies andwines by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-Pulsed flame photometricdetection. J. Chromat. A,2008,1180:122~130
[104]万益群,马雅倩,毛雪金,等.气相色谱-质谱法测定酒样中多种有机锡化合物.南昌大学学报(理科版),2011,35(4):348~352
[105]李娟,申明月,鄢爱平,等.气相色谱-火焰光度法测定大米中三丁基锡和三苯基锡.食品与生物技术学报,2011,30(4):571~575
[106]Penza M., Jeremic M., Marrazzo E., et al. The environmental chemical tributyltin (TBT)shows both estrogenic and adipogenic activities in mice which might depend on the exposuredose. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,2011,255:65~75
[107]Suominen K., Hallikainen A., Ruokojarvi P., et al. Occurrence of PCDD/F, PCB, PBDE,PFAS, and organotin compounds in fish meal, fish oil and fish feed. Chemosphere,2011,85:300~306
[108]Campillo N., Vinas P., Penalver R., et al. Solid-phase microextrction followed by gaschromatography for the speciation of organotin compounds in honey and wine samples: Acomparison of atomic emission and mass spectrometry detectors. J. Food Composition andAnalysis,2012,25:66~73
[109]付善良,张莹,肖家勇,等.在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱-质谱法测定茶叶中有种有机锡化合物残留.分析测试技术与仪器,2010,16(4):262~267
[110]姜杰,丘红梅,林凯,等.海产品只能怪有机锡的改性绿茶分离-石墨炉原子吸收测定法.环境与健康杂志,2010,27(11):1007~1009
[111]Montigny C., Lespes G., Potin-Gautier M. Matrix effects and selectivity of the detector in thedetermination of butyl-and phenytins by gas chromatography-flame photometric detection.Journal of Chromatography A,1998,819:221~230
[112]夏莲,赖子尼,廖艳,等.气相色谱法测定有机锡化合物的样品前处理技术.广州微量元素科学,2003,10(8):17~23
[113]Montigny C. B., Lespes G., Gautier M. P. Optimization of the storage of natural freshwatersbefore organotin speciation. Wat. Res. Vol.,2001,35(1):224~232
[114]全夑,陈硕,薛大明,等.海洋环境中有机锡分析方法研究进展.海洋环境科学,1996,15(2):62~68
[115]王秀嫔,金海燕,陈立钢,等.在线固相萃取富集高效液相色谱法测定水中有机锡化合物.分析化学,2007,35(11):1669~1672
[116]Hocha M., Bandarab A. Determination of the adsorption process of tributyltin (TBT) andmonobutyltin (MBT) onto kaolinite surface using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)spectroscopy. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects,2005,253:117~124
[117]Sanz-Asensio J., Martynez-Soria M.T., Plaza-Medina M., et al. Simultaneous determinationof organotin compounds by hydride generation-gas phase molecular absorption spectrometry.Talanta,2001,54:953~962
[118]宫本玲,刘永铭,徐玉丽.石墨炉原子吸收法测定海水中的三丁基锡.海洋环境科学,1998,17(1):58~61
[119]连晓文,胡曙光,梁春穗,等.原子吸收法测定食物油中锡的方法探讨.中国卫生检验杂志,2004,14(5):563~569
[120]臧良树,张炯,王倩.增敏溶出伏安法测定防污漆中有机锡的含量.辽宁大学学报,2004,31(3):199~205
[121]Thompson J. A. J., Sheffer M. G., et al. Organotin compounds in the aquatic environment.Canada Environ., Secretariat,1985
[122]狄兰兰,蔺存国,郑纪勇,等. HPLC在海洋船舶涂料防污剂检测中的应用.涂料工业,2008,38(12):56~59
[123]崔彦杰,巢静波,康天放,等.高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定牡蛎中的有机锡.质谱学报,2011,32(2):82~85
[124]于振花,荆淼,王小如,等.液液萃取-高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱同时测定海水中的多种有机锡.光谱学与光谱分析,2009,29(10):2855～2859
[125]De Bettencourt A. M. M., Andreae M.O., Cais Y., et al. Organotin in the Tagus estuary.Aquatic Ecology,1999,33:271~280
[126]Liu J. M., Jiang G. B., Liu J. Y., et al. Evaluation of methyltin and butyltin pollution inBeijing Guanting reservoir and its downriver Yongding River. Bull. Environ. Contam.Toxicol.,2003,70:219~225
[127]Bancon-Montigny C., Lespes G., Potin-Gautier M.. Organo-tin survey in the Adour-Garonnebasin. Water Research,2004,38:933~946
[128]Gao J. M., Hu J. Y., Zhen H., et al. Organotin compounds in the three gorges reservoir regionof the Yangtze River. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.,2006,76:155~162
[129]杨瑞强,周群芳,张庆华,等.太湖水体中丁基锡化合物污染现状研究.环境科学.2006,27(4):661~663
[130]崔连艳,刘绍从,吕刚.固相微萃取-气质联用测定海河水中痕量有机锡.化学试剂,2008,30(1):23~25
[131]李红莉,高虹,徐晓琳,等.有机锡化合物在中国环境行为的研究状况.环境科学动态,2003,2:15~17
[132]全夑,陈硕,薛大明,等.有机锡污染物在海洋沉积物中的迁移和转化.海洋环境科学,1995,14(4):21~25
[133]严峻,张干,闵育顺,等.珠江三角洲表层沉积物中丁基锡的初步测定.环境科学研究,2000,13(6):43~45
[134]袁东星,钟数明,杨东宁.厦门西港和闽江口表层沉积物中有机锡含量分布.台湾海峡,2001,21(1):91~95
[135]张贵能.高雄港区有机锡分布及其污染史研究.台湾:国立中山大学海洋资源研究所,2004
[136]Wang X. H., Hong H. S., Zhao D. M., et al. Environmental behavior of organotin compoundsin the coastal environment of Xiamen, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2008,57(6-12):419~424
[137]雷瓒.有机锡分析方法的建立及东南沿海有机锡污染现状调查:[硕士学位论文].广东:暨南大学,2003
[138]Tolosa I., Merlini L., De Bertrand N., et al. Occurrence and fate of tributyl-and triphenyltincompounds in western Mediterranean coastal enclosures. J. Environ. Toxicol. Chem.,1992,11(2):145~155
[139]Mora S. J. de, Steward C., Phillips D. Sources and rate of degradation of tri(n-butyl)tin inmarine sediments near Auckland, New Zealand. Mar. Pollut. Bull.,1995,30:50~57
[140]McGee B. L., Schilekat C. E., Boward D. M., et al. Sediment contamination and biologicaleffects in Chesapeake Bay marina. Ecotoxicology,1995,4(1):39~59
[141]Page D. S., Ozbal C. C., Lanphear M. E. Concentration of butyltin species is sedimentsassociated with shipyard activity. Environ Pollut.,1996,91(2):237~243
[142]Ceulemans M., Slaets S., Adams F. Speciation of organotin in environmental sedimentsamples[J]. Talanta,1998,46:395~405
[143]Gomez-Ariza J. L., Beltran R., Morales E., et al. Acid extraction treatment of sedimentsamples for organotin speciation: Occurrence of butyl and phenyltin compounds on theCadiz Coast, South-West Spain. Appl. Organomet. Chem.,1995,9:51~64
[144]Delucchi F., Tombesi N. B., Freije R. H., et al. Butyltin compounds in sediments of the BahiaBlanc Estuary, Argentina. Environ. Monit. Assess,2007,132:445~451
[145]Cornelissen G., Pettersen A., Nesse E., et al. The contribution of ruban runoff to organiccontaminant levels in harbor sediments near two Norwegian cities. Mar. Pollut. Bull.,2008,56:565~573
[146]Sousa Ana C.A., Oliveira I. B., Laranjeiro F., et al. Organotin levels in Nazare canyon (westIberian Margin, NE Atlantic) and adjacent coastal area. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2012,64:422~426
[147]王家林,葛斌,刘丽丽.海洋环境中的三丁基锡污染.环境监测管理与技术,2009,21(6):15~19,55
[148]牛增元,袁玲玲,叶曦雯,等.固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱法同时测定涂料中的8种有机锡.分析科学学报,2008,24(6):668~672
[149]臧树良,张炯,王倩,等.增敏溶出伏安法测定防污漆中的有机锡含量.辽宁大学学报,2004,31(3):199~201,205
[150]谢永红,苏荣国,张丽笑,等.三丁基锡对中国近海常见海洋微藻的毒性效应.生态环境学报,2011,20(6-7):1075~1080
[151]卢大胜,汪国权,温忆敏. C18固相萃取与GC-MS对生物基质样品中有机锡的测定.分析测试学报,2008,27(增刊):171~174
[152]崔维刚,李景喜,陈发荣,等.高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定浒苔中总锡及有机锡形态.分析实验室,2010,29(7):49~52
[153]许锦华,杨桂娣,郑进平,等. CE与ICP-MS联用分析测定不同形态的三有机锡化合物.分析化学,2009,37(增刊):186
[154]冯晓翔. SPE-GC-MS法对渤海水体中有机锡化合物的痕量分析.北方环境,2011,23(11):248~249
[155]魏云波,张瑞凌,周延生,等.有机锡化合物污染及其对鱼类的毒性效应.科技向导,2011,32:7
[156]Harino H., Fucushima M., Ymamoto Y., et al. Contamination of butyltin and Phenyltincompounds in marine environment of Oscuchi Bay. Environmental Pollution,1998,101:209~214
[157]邓利,倪睿,钟毅,等.深圳蛇口港及其邻近海域海水有机锡污染.环境科学学报,2008,28(8):1681~1687
[158]万益群,马雅倩,毛雪金,等.气相色谱-质谱法测定酒样中多种有机锡化合物.南昌大学学报(理科版),2011,35(4):348~352.
[159]陈湘莹,何彩.微波消解/HG-AFS法测定海产品中总锡含量.中国热带医学,2009,9(1):153~154
[160]卢大胜,汪国权,温忆敏,等.四乙基硼化钠衍生化和GC-MS测定水产品中的有机锡.环境与职业医学,2009,26(4):412~416.
[161]吕华东,傅武胜,林麒,等.贝类水产品中有机锡的气相色谱-脉冲火焰光度法测定研究.分析试验室,2008,27(10):38~41
[162]丘红梅,张慧敏,申治国,等.液相色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定海产品中TPT.中国卫生检验杂志,2008,18(11):2197~2198,2203
[163]赵孔祥,赵云峰,凌云,储晓刚,吴永宁.水产品及葡萄酒中有机锡污染水平的分析.卫生研究,2008,37(3):327~331
[164]俞是聃,肖毓铨,陈晓秋,等.气相色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定海产品中有机锡的研究.福建分析测试,2008,17(1):40~43
[165]赵孔祥,赵云峰,付武胜,等.气相色谱-脉冲火焰光度法测定水产品中有机锡的研究.中国食品卫生杂志,2008,20(2):130~135
[166]丘红梅,刘桂华,于振花,等. LC-ICP-MS联用测定海产品中有机锡.实用预防医学,2008,15(5):1342~1344
[167]于振花,荆淼,王庚,等.高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用同时检测海产品中的多种有机锡.分析化学,2008,36(8):1035~1039
[168]丘红梅,邓利,张慧敏,等.微波消解/ICP-MS法测定海产品中总锡.实用预防医学,2007,14(3):614~616
[169]Diez S., Abalos M., Bayona J. M. Organotin contamination in sediments from the WesternMediterranean enclosures following10years of TBT regulation. Water Research,2002,36:905~918
[170]Serra H., Nogueira J. M. F.. Organotin speciation in environmental matrices by automatedon-line hydride generation-programmed temperature vaporization-capillary gaschromatography-mass spectrometry detection. J. Chromatography A,2005,1094:130~137.
[171]Wade T. L., Sweet S. T., Klein A. G. Assessment of sediment contamination in Casco Bay,Maine, USA. Environ. Pollut.,2008,152:505~521
[172]Chi-Chi C., Maw-Rong L. Determination of organotin compounds in water by headspacesolid phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal ofChromatography A,2005,1064:1~8
[173]Encinar J. R., Gonzalez P. R., Alonso J. I. G., et al. Evaluation of Extraction Techniques forthe Determination of Butyltin Compounds in Sediments Using Isotope Dilution-GC/ICPMSwith118Sn and119Sn-Enriched Species. Anal. Chem.2002,74:270~281
[174]G-Toledo E., Ramon C., Maria D. P. Determination of triorganotin species in water samplesby liquid chromatography-electrospray-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A,2002,946:1~8
[175]Encinar J. R., Villar M. I. M., Santamaria V. G., et al. Simultaneous Determination of Mono-,Di-, and Tributyltin in Sediments by Isotope Dilution Analysis Using Gas Chromatography–ICPMS. Anal. Chem.2001,73:3174~3180
[176]Btavo M., Lespes G., I. Gregori D., et al. Identification of sulfur interferences duringorganotin determination in harbour sediment samples by sodium tetraethyl borate ethylationand gas chromatography-pulsed-fame photometric detection. Journal of Chromatography A,2004,1046:217~224
[177]Galbacs G., Szorcsik A., Galbacs Z. Slurry mobilization ICP-AES spectrometry method forthe determination of tin in organotin(IV) complexes. Talanta,2000(52):1061~1067
[178]Montigny C. B., Maxwell P., Lu Y. Improvement of Measurement-Precision ofSPME-GC/MS Determination of Tributyltin Using Isotope Dilution Calibration. Anal. Chim.2002,74:5606~5613
[179]Lu Y., Zoltan M., Ralph E. S. Species-Specific Isotope Dilution-Based Calibration for TraceElement Speciation and Its Combined Uncertainty Evaluation: Determination of Tributyltinin Sediment by HPLC-ICPMS. Anal. Chim.,2002,74:2968~2976
[180]Marcel G., Monique B., Dick de V. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro antitumor activityof di-and triorganotin derivatives of polyoxa-and biologically relevant carboxylic acids.Journal of Biochemistry,2000,79:139~145
[181]Cukrowska E., Chimuka L., Nsengimana H. Application of supported liquid membraneprobe for extraction and preconcentration of organotin compounds from environmental watersamples. Analytica Chemica Acta,2004,523:141~147
[182]Arkis E., Balkōse D. Thermal stabilisation of poly (vinyl chloride) by organotin compounds.Polymer Degradation and Stability,2005,88:46~51
[183]Shinji T., Takashi M., Hirotaka S. et al.. Analysis of organotin compounds by grignardderivatization and gas chromatography-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. Journal ofChromatography A,2002,962:197~206
[184]Morabito R., Massanisso P., Quevauviller P. Derivatization methods for the determination oforganotin compounds in environmental samples. Trend in Analytical Chemistry,2000,19(2+3):113~119
[185]Gonzalez-Toledo E., Mario. B, Ramon C. et al.. Speciation of organotin compounds inshellfish by liquid chromatography–fluorimetric detection. Anal. Chem. A,2001,443:183~190
[186]Encarna G. T., R. Compano, M. Granados, et al.. Detection techniques in speciation analysisof organotin compounds by liquid chromatography. Trends in Analytical Chemistry,2003,22(1):26~33
[187]Pellegrino C., Massanisso P., Morbito R. Comparison of twelve selected extraction methodsfor the determination of butyl-and phenyltin compounds in mussel samples. Trends in Anal.Chem.,2000,19(2+3):97~106
[188]Ndungu K., Mathiasson L. Microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction techniquecombined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry for· the determination of organotincompounds. Anal. Chem. A.,2000,404:319~328
[189]Ikonomou M. G., Fernandez M. P., He T., et al. Gas chromatography-high-resolution massspectrometry based method for the simultaneous determination of nine organotin compoundsin water, sediment and tissue. Journal of Chromatography A,2002,975:319~333
[190]Millan E., Pawliszyn J. Determination of butyltin species in water and sediment bysolid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Journal ofChromatography A,2000,873:63~71
[191]Chiron S., Roy S., Cottier R., et al. Speciation of butyl-and phenyltin compounds insediments using pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-inductively coupledplasma mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A,2000,879:137~145
[192]Colombini V, Montigny C. B., Yang L., et al.. Headspace single-drop microextraction for thedetection of organotin compounds. Talanta,2004,63:555~560
[193]Puri B. K., Munoz-Olivas R., Camara C.. A new polymeric adsorbent for screening andpre-concentration of organotin compounds in sediments and seawater samples.Spectrochimica Acta Part B,2004,59:209~214
[194]Ph. Quevauviller, Ariese F. New sediment reference material for the quality control ofbutyltin and phenyltin analysis. Trends in analytical chemistry,2001,20(4):207~218
[195]Laughlin R. B. Bioaccumulation of TBT by aquatic organics. Organotin-environment fateand effects. London: Chapman Hall,2002,331~357
[196]Gao J. M., Hu J.Y., Wan Y, et al. Butyltin compounds distribution in the coastal waters ofbohai bay in china. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2004,5:72
[197]Magurie R J. Auquatic environmental aspects of nonpesticidal organotin compounds. WaterPoll. Research of Canada,2002,34(6):391~399.
[198]高峻敏,郑泽根.环境系统中有机锡化合物的分布和归宿.上海环境科学,2003,22(增刊):20~25
[199]黄清辉,沈焕庭. GC-MS法在测定河口海岸环境样品中有机锡化合物的应用.环境科学动态,2000,3:28~31
[200]江桂斌,徐福正,何滨等.有机锡化合物测定方法研究进展.海洋环境科学,1999,18(3):61~68
[201]王永芳.有机锡化合物的污染及其毒性.中国食品卫生杂志,2003,15(3):244~247
[202]吴惠勒,张桂英,曾莉.有毒猪油中有机锡的GC-MS测定.分析测试学报,1999,18(6):67~69
[203]夏莲,廖艳,余煌棉.固相微萃取技术及其对监测水体中有机锡化合物的应用.环境保护,2004,2:19~21
[204]周群芳,江桂斌,徐振全.丁基锡化合物丙基衍生物的质谱分析.光谱实验室,1999,16(6):624~629
[205]周群芳,江桂斌,吴迪靖.猪油样品中有机锡化合物的气相色谱-火焰光度法及气相色谱一质谱联用分析.分析化学,2001,29(4):453~456
[206]周群芳,江桂斌.气相色谱法在有机锡化合物形态分离与测定中的应用.分析科学学报,2002,18(3):240~246
[207]雷改,黄长江,贾丽等.沿海港口表层沉积物中三丁基锡化合物的顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱测定分析测试学报,2003,22(2):28~30
[208]刘穆燕,江桂斌.顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱表面发射火焰光度检测法测定底泥中的丁基锡化合物.分析化学,2001,29(2):158~160
[209]程慧琼,刘稷燕,江桂斌.顶空固相微萃取技术用于海产品中丁基锡化合物的测定.色谱,2003,21(4):418~420
[210]迟杰,黄国兰.环境中有机锡化合物形态分析方法进展.环境科学进展,1999,7(2):31~39
[211]胡志国.气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中的有机锡.质谱学报,2005,26(1):59~61
[212]秦晓光,张经.天然水体中有机锡的富集分离方法.海洋环境科学,2001,20(3):59~64
[213]徐福正,江桂斌,张福军.气相色谱-表面发射火焰光度法测定环境水样中的二辛基锡.分析化学,1997,12(25):1386~1390
[214]丁明玉,陈培榕,罗国安,等.超临界流体萃取法对有机锡化合物的选择性萃取.色谱,1997,15(6):527~529
[215]Zuliani T., Lespes G., Milacic R., et al. Development of the extraction method of the
simultaneous determination of butyl-, phenyl-octyltin compounds in sewage sludge. Talanta,
2010,80:1945~1951
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |