基于Web的钻削过程仿真系统的研究
摘要
随着网络技术的迅速发展和市场竞争的日益激烈，基于网络制造技术成为支持21世纪制造业的关键技术。这里有一个急需解决的瓶颈问题，就是要对机械加工过程进行仿真与优化，以便实现加工过程的信息化、智能化。本文主要以钻削加工过程为例，对基于Web的切削过程仿真进行研究.
本文回顾了因特网的发展现状及其在企业中的应用，介绍了网络化制造产生的背景，回顾了网络化制造及作为其关键使能技术之一的切削过程仿真的研究现状。从深层技术的角度研究网络化制造的实现方法和切削过程仿真技术，建立了一种以TCP/IP协议为基础、浏览器/服务器技术为支持，实现基于Web的切削过程仿真系统体系结构。
本文建立起国家标准直线刃麻花钻的切削几何参数的数学模型，并对前刀面的几何参数进行定量的分析。 鉴于钻削过程的复杂性，采用数学分析和经验值相结合的方法来研究钻削过程机理，建立钻削过程静态、动态力学模型。
本文提出了一种基于Internet的钻削过程几何仿真的实现方法。基于Agent技术，以Java语言开发了基于浏览器的Applet用户界面，借助VRML的外部程序接口EAI，来实现VRML场景下的几何仿真；应用MatLab WebServer工具箱，建立基于Web的物理仿真系统结构，根据钻削过程的特征参数来交互式地实现物理仿真功能。
本文以钻削过程为例证明了基于Web的切削过程仿真系统的体系结构是可行而有效的。该系统具有可扩展性、交互性、动态性，对实现网络化制造有很大的理论意义和实际价值。
In recent years, the globalization in manufacturing world make the competition of the business enterprise is more and more vigorous. Declining low cost, shortening the product's development period, strengthen the ability to adapt to the market orientation, are important means that increase the business enterprise to compete the ability.
It is a complicacy process that metals slices the cutting process, and is a main method of making machine parts. Because of more and more complicated parts shape, and more and more new material adopted, each product developed need a large quantity of the cutting experiment, and need the new process programming. This not only result in the wasting of manpower and material resources, but also a long product development period, the high cost, and weak ability to market orientation. The technique of cutting progress simulation and optimize can be obvious of shorten the product's development period, and decline low cost, strengthen the product's competition ability.
This paper studies the drilling progress, establishes mathematics models of the drilling thrust force and torque of drilling, and simulates and optimized the drilling progress with the twist drills, in order to avoid the auger to break and the surplus of pour the chips, and to increase the drilling accuracy with efficiency. This paper establishes the remote network environment of simulation and testing, then implements the on-line simulation of drilling processes based on the Internet, to offering service for the manufacturing business enterprise distributing in every locality. Specially, this is applicable to those multinational company, group company that be constituted by many business enterprises distributed in the different region. This technique equally is applicable to the business enterprises with the weak technique power that can obtain the technique support of the strong ones on the Internet, making it possible to remotely cooperate with the Internet technique regarded as correspond means.
This paper presents the implementation of an Internet-based facility for the drilling process simulation, which comply with TCP/IP and support by client/server
model. The process simulation, viewed deeply, is one of pivotal technologies and implemental techniques of the Internet-based Agility Manufacturing technology. A network architecture model is developed with the WebServer toolbox of MatLab. The complicated drilling process is studied with a semi-experiential mathematic model, and physics-based process simulations in time field allow process parameters and operational sequences to be evaluated with respect to desired product features.
The simulation system deeply supports Internet-based Agility Manufacturing technology, as one of pivotal technologies and implemental techniques. The visible system includes the geometry and physical simulation. The feasibility and availability of facility was confirmed the running of drilling process simulation.
A network architecture model is built Polarized concentration is decreased because of additional magnetic field, and the speed of reaction is increased. The efficiency is improved by mechanical polishing. The mechanism of this process is discussed and the result of experimentation is analyzed in this paper.
本文回顾了因特网的发展现状及其在企业中的应用，介绍了网络化制造产生的背景，回顾了网络化制造及作为其关键使能技术之一的切削过程仿真的研究现状。从深层技术的角度研究网络化制造的实现方法和切削过程仿真技术，建立了一种以TCP/IP协议为基础、浏览器/服务器技术为支持，实现基于Web的切削过程仿真系统体系结构。
本文建立起国家标准直线刃麻花钻的切削几何参数的数学模型，并对前刀面的几何参数进行定量的分析。 鉴于钻削过程的复杂性，采用数学分析和经验值相结合的方法来研究钻削过程机理，建立钻削过程静态、动态力学模型。
本文提出了一种基于Internet的钻削过程几何仿真的实现方法。基于Agent技术，以Java语言开发了基于浏览器的Applet用户界面，借助VRML的外部程序接口EAI，来实现VRML场景下的几何仿真；应用MatLab WebServer工具箱，建立基于Web的物理仿真系统结构，根据钻削过程的特征参数来交互式地实现物理仿真功能。
本文以钻削过程为例证明了基于Web的切削过程仿真系统的体系结构是可行而有效的。该系统具有可扩展性、交互性、动态性，对实现网络化制造有很大的理论意义和实际价值。
In recent years, the globalization in manufacturing world make the competition of the business enterprise is more and more vigorous. Declining low cost, shortening the product's development period, strengthen the ability to adapt to the market orientation, are important means that increase the business enterprise to compete the ability.
It is a complicacy process that metals slices the cutting process, and is a main method of making machine parts. Because of more and more complicated parts shape, and more and more new material adopted, each product developed need a large quantity of the cutting experiment, and need the new process programming. This not only result in the wasting of manpower and material resources, but also a long product development period, the high cost, and weak ability to market orientation. The technique of cutting progress simulation and optimize can be obvious of shorten the product's development period, and decline low cost, strengthen the product's competition ability.
This paper studies the drilling progress, establishes mathematics models of the drilling thrust force and torque of drilling, and simulates and optimized the drilling progress with the twist drills, in order to avoid the auger to break and the surplus of pour the chips, and to increase the drilling accuracy with efficiency. This paper establishes the remote network environment of simulation and testing, then implements the on-line simulation of drilling processes based on the Internet, to offering service for the manufacturing business enterprise distributing in every locality. Specially, this is applicable to those multinational company, group company that be constituted by many business enterprises distributed in the different region. This technique equally is applicable to the business enterprises with the weak technique power that can obtain the technique support of the strong ones on the Internet, making it possible to remotely cooperate with the Internet technique regarded as correspond means.
This paper presents the implementation of an Internet-based facility for the drilling process simulation, which comply with TCP/IP and support by client/server
model. The process simulation, viewed deeply, is one of pivotal technologies and implemental techniques of the Internet-based Agility Manufacturing technology. A network architecture model is developed with the WebServer toolbox of MatLab. The complicated drilling process is studied with a semi-experiential mathematic model, and physics-based process simulations in time field allow process parameters and operational sequences to be evaluated with respect to desired product features.
The simulation system deeply supports Internet-based Agility Manufacturing technology, as one of pivotal technologies and implemental techniques. The visible system includes the geometry and physical simulation. The feasibility and availability of facility was confirmed the running of drilling process simulation.
A network architecture model is built Polarized concentration is decreased because of additional magnetic field, and the speed of reaction is increased. The efficiency is improved by mechanical polishing. The mechanism of this process is discussed and the result of experimentation is analyzed in this paper.
引文
1 蒋东兴，林鄂华. Windows Sockets网络程序设计指南. 清华大学出版社.1995
2 T. Knowls, et al. Standards for Open Systems Interconnection. ASP Professional Books, 1987：5~6
3 SYBEX，Inc. 编著. Internet大全. 电子工业出版社.1999
4 张永奎，王素格 等. Internet与Java程序设计. 科学出版社.2001
5 李爱平，戴泳新，张曙. 制造资源信息和管理网络. 工厂建设与设计. 1998，(2)：37~39
6 严隽琪，马登哲，倪炎榕.基于网络的敏捷制造(J). 中国机械工程. 2000,11(1~2)：101~104
7 Charles S.Smith. "CyberCut: A World Wide Web Based Design- to-Fabrication". Manufacturing Systems. 1996,15(6)： 432~442
8 John E.F.Baruch. "Remote Control and Robots". Computing and Control Engineering Journal. 1997, 7(1)： 39~45
9 I. Goncharenko, K. Mori, N. Kasashima, "Strategies to develop at elemonitoring technology for machine tools via the World Wide Web". Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Design of Information Infrastructure System for Manufacturing. 1996, (14)
10 吴爱萍，梁陈剑 等. 网络化敏捷制造. 机械工程师. 2001.2：5~7
11 顾新建，祁国宁，陈子辰. 网络化制造的战略和方法. 高等教育出版社. 2001
12 杨叔子，吴波，胡春华. 网络化制造与企业集成. 中国机械工程. 2000，(1-2)：43~45
13 Lau H. The New Role of Intranet/Internet. Technology for Manufacturing Engineering with Computers. 1998, (14)： 150~155
14 Cokhale. Enerprise-wide Networking for Manufacturing, Computer & Industrial Engineering. 1998, (35)： 259~262
15 J.Toussaint, K.Cheng. Implementation of Design Agility and Manufacturing Responsiveness on the Web： Two Cases Studies. Proceedings of ICECE (Xi'an, P.R.China) 2001,9: 16~18
16 Richard J Bateman, Kai Cheng. Devolved Manufacturing. Proceedings of ICECE (Xi'an, P.R.China) 2001,9: 16~18
17 Joao Rocha. "Task Planning For Flexible And Agile Manufacturing Systems". International Conference on Intelligent Robots.
18 Keith M. Gardiner. "An Integrated Design strategy for Future Manufacturing System". Manufacturing Systems. 1995, 15(1)： 52~61
19 倪中华，易红 等. 基于网络的制造服务系统. 制造业自动化. 2001,23(10)： 16~20
Dan Deitz. "Product Development on the Web". Mechanical Engineering.
20 January 1997：66~69
21 http://mtamri.me.uiuc.edu/mtamri/
22 顾新建；祁国宁. 全球集成制造与大成组工程(二). 工厂建设与设计. 1997，(1)：30~32
23 李荣彬. 分散网络化生产系统的背景和设想. 工厂建设与设计. 1997, (5)：40~43
24 魏志强，王先逵. 面向全球制造环境的先进制造使能技术. 中国机械工程．2001，（12）：60~65
25 http://www.me.mtu.edu/research/mfg/mtamri/index.html
26 乔咏梅，张定华 等. 数控仿真技术的回顾与评述. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报. 1999，7(4):11~15。
27 伍铁军. 数控加工仿真关键技术研究与软件开发. 南京航空航天大学博士学位论文,2001： 3~4
28 Tim, Van Hook. Real-Time Shaded NC milling Display. Computer Graphics. 1986, 20 (4)：15~20
29 W. P. Wang, K. K. W. Geometric modeling for swept volume of moving solids. Comput. Grah. &Applic. 1986, 22：8~17
30 Kim H S， Ehmann K F. A cutting force model for face milling operations. Int．J. Mach． Tools Manufacture, 1991,31(1)：45~54.
31 Yang M, Park H. The prediction of radial width and axial depth of cut in peripheral milling. Int. J. Machine Tools & Manufacture, 1987 35(4)：367~381
32 Tarng Y S, Chang W S. Dynamic NC simulation of milling operations computer-Aided Design, Dec. 1993， 25(12)：69~77
33 http://www.parallelgraphics.com/
34 邹平，樊锐，陈鼎昌. 麻花钻的进展及发展趋势. 航空工艺技术. 1996(5): 20~22
35 北京永定机械厂群钻小组. 群钻. 上海科学拉术出版社. 1982
36 细井钻头的特点及其刃磨技术．樊铁镔译．工具技术，1989（12）
37 黄壮飞. 三倾角钻头——高性能的钻削刀具．机械工艺师．1994（3）
38 王镛．用于高效强力钻削的麻花钻．组合机床与自动化加工技术，1991（6）
39 袁哲俊．金属切削刀具．上海科学技术出版社.1984
40 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Twist Drill-Terms, Definitions and Types, ISO 54519-1982(E/F)
41 量刃具汇编组．量具刃具国家标准汇编．中国际准出版杜.1990
42 周泽华.金属切削原理. 上海科学技术出版社.1993
43 康德纯,A.J.A.Armarego. 通用标准麻花钻几何形状与参数的数学描述.工具技术.1998,32(8):9~13
44 A.R.Watson. Drilling model for cutting lip and chisel edge and comparison of experimental and predicted result. Int. J. Mach. tool Des.Res.1985, 25(4):377~392
45 吕彦明，陈五一，陈鼎昌. 复杂螺旋面钻尖刃磨原及实现.中国机械工程。2000，11（3）：292~294
46 GU.F., Kaper. S G, DeVor. R. E, et al. A cutting force model for face milling with a step cutter. Transactions of NAMRI/SME. 1992,XX: 361~367
47 Chandrasekharan.V, Kaper. S. G, DeVor. R. E,A mechanistic model to predict the cutting force system for arbitrary drill point geometry. J. of Manufacturing Science and Engineering.1998,120:563~570
48 吴小花主编.VRML从入门到精通.国防工业出版社.2002
49 张思荣，谭建荣，张家泰，邱长华. STEP中性交换文件的实现方法.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.1999，(01):36~39
2 T. Knowls, et al. Standards for Open Systems Interconnection. ASP Professional Books, 1987：5~6
3 SYBEX，Inc. 编著. Internet大全. 电子工业出版社.1999
4 张永奎，王素格 等. Internet与Java程序设计. 科学出版社.2001
5 李爱平，戴泳新，张曙. 制造资源信息和管理网络. 工厂建设与设计. 1998，(2)：37~39
6 严隽琪，马登哲，倪炎榕.基于网络的敏捷制造(J). 中国机械工程. 2000,11(1~2)：101~104
7 Charles S.Smith. "CyberCut: A World Wide Web Based Design- to-Fabrication". Manufacturing Systems. 1996,15(6)： 432~442
8 John E.F.Baruch. "Remote Control and Robots". Computing and Control Engineering Journal. 1997, 7(1)： 39~45
9 I. Goncharenko, K. Mori, N. Kasashima, "Strategies to develop at elemonitoring technology for machine tools via the World Wide Web". Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Design of Information Infrastructure System for Manufacturing. 1996, (14)
10 吴爱萍，梁陈剑 等. 网络化敏捷制造. 机械工程师. 2001.2：5~7
11 顾新建，祁国宁，陈子辰. 网络化制造的战略和方法. 高等教育出版社. 2001
12 杨叔子，吴波，胡春华. 网络化制造与企业集成. 中国机械工程. 2000，(1-2)：43~45
13 Lau H. The New Role of Intranet/Internet. Technology for Manufacturing Engineering with Computers. 1998, (14)： 150~155
14 Cokhale. Enerprise-wide Networking for Manufacturing, Computer & Industrial Engineering. 1998, (35)： 259~262
15 J.Toussaint, K.Cheng. Implementation of Design Agility and Manufacturing Responsiveness on the Web： Two Cases Studies. Proceedings of ICECE (Xi'an, P.R.China) 2001,9: 16~18
16 Richard J Bateman, Kai Cheng. Devolved Manufacturing. Proceedings of ICECE (Xi'an, P.R.China) 2001,9: 16~18
17 Joao Rocha. "Task Planning For Flexible And Agile Manufacturing Systems". International Conference on Intelligent Robots.
18 Keith M. Gardiner. "An Integrated Design strategy for Future Manufacturing System". Manufacturing Systems. 1995, 15(1)： 52~61
19 倪中华，易红 等. 基于网络的制造服务系统. 制造业自动化. 2001,23(10)： 16~20
Dan Deitz. "Product Development on the Web". Mechanical Engineering.
20 January 1997：66~69
21 http://mtamri.me.uiuc.edu/mtamri/
22 顾新建；祁国宁. 全球集成制造与大成组工程(二). 工厂建设与设计. 1997，(1)：30~32
23 李荣彬. 分散网络化生产系统的背景和设想. 工厂建设与设计. 1997, (5)：40~43
24 魏志强，王先逵. 面向全球制造环境的先进制造使能技术. 中国机械工程．2001，（12）：60~65
25 http://www.me.mtu.edu/research/mfg/mtamri/index.html
26 乔咏梅，张定华 等. 数控仿真技术的回顾与评述. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报. 1999，7(4):11~15。
27 伍铁军. 数控加工仿真关键技术研究与软件开发. 南京航空航天大学博士学位论文,2001： 3~4
28 Tim, Van Hook. Real-Time Shaded NC milling Display. Computer Graphics. 1986, 20 (4)：15~20
29 W. P. Wang, K. K. W. Geometric modeling for swept volume of moving solids. Comput. Grah. &Applic. 1986, 22：8~17
30 Kim H S， Ehmann K F. A cutting force model for face milling operations. Int．J. Mach． Tools Manufacture, 1991,31(1)：45~54.
31 Yang M, Park H. The prediction of radial width and axial depth of cut in peripheral milling. Int. J. Machine Tools & Manufacture, 1987 35(4)：367~381
32 Tarng Y S, Chang W S. Dynamic NC simulation of milling operations computer-Aided Design, Dec. 1993， 25(12)：69~77
33 http://www.parallelgraphics.com/
34 邹平，樊锐，陈鼎昌. 麻花钻的进展及发展趋势. 航空工艺技术. 1996(5): 20~22
35 北京永定机械厂群钻小组. 群钻. 上海科学拉术出版社. 1982
36 细井钻头的特点及其刃磨技术．樊铁镔译．工具技术，1989（12）
37 黄壮飞. 三倾角钻头——高性能的钻削刀具．机械工艺师．1994（3）
38 王镛．用于高效强力钻削的麻花钻．组合机床与自动化加工技术，1991（6）
39 袁哲俊．金属切削刀具．上海科学技术出版社.1984
40 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Twist Drill-Terms, Definitions and Types, ISO 54519-1982(E/F)
41 量刃具汇编组．量具刃具国家标准汇编．中国际准出版杜.1990
42 周泽华.金属切削原理. 上海科学技术出版社.1993
43 康德纯,A.J.A.Armarego. 通用标准麻花钻几何形状与参数的数学描述.工具技术.1998,32(8):9~13
44 A.R.Watson. Drilling model for cutting lip and chisel edge and comparison of experimental and predicted result. Int. J. Mach. tool Des.Res.1985, 25(4):377~392
45 吕彦明，陈五一，陈鼎昌. 复杂螺旋面钻尖刃磨原及实现.中国机械工程。2000，11（3）：292~294
46 GU.F., Kaper. S G, DeVor. R. E, et al. A cutting force model for face milling with a step cutter. Transactions of NAMRI/SME. 1992,XX: 361~367
47 Chandrasekharan.V, Kaper. S. G, DeVor. R. E,A mechanistic model to predict the cutting force system for arbitrary drill point geometry. J. of Manufacturing Science and Engineering.1998,120:563~570
48 吴小花主编.VRML从入门到精通.国防工业出版社.2002
49 张思荣，谭建荣，张家泰，邱长华. STEP中性交换文件的实现方法.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.1999，(01):36~39
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