皇甫川流域不同治理措施下土壤金龟子群落结构及生态适应性研究
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摘要
于2007年9月和2008年5、7、9月,在内蒙古皇甫川流域五分地沟和阳泉沟,选择人工松树林、人工杨树林、人工灌丛、人工草地和撂荒地等5种不同水七治理措施样地为采样地,并以农田、次生百里香草地和退化草地作为对照,以土壤样方法和粪诱捕法采集土壤金龟子标本,采用群落组成、群落相似性、物种多样性、生态位等基本指标和典范对应性分析(CCA)分析了不同水土治理措施下土壤金龟子群落结构的变化和生态适应性特征。主要研究结果如下。
1.本项研究共采集到土壤金龟子6999头,隶属于4科,12属,21种。其中,植食性金龟子成虫和幼虫共1041头,隶属于2科6属7种,优势种为东方绢金龟和毛缺鳃金龟;粪食腐食性金龟子5958头,隶属于2科6属14种,优势种为直蜉金龟和小驼嗡蜣螂。
2.与对照样地比较,不同水土治理措施样地植食性金龟子个体数量和生物量明显增加,粪食性金龟子个体数量增加不明显,生物量反而有所下降。不同水土治理措施下,植食性金龟子群落优势种组成与对照样地基本一致,粪食性金龟子的优势种种类数增多;较为特殊的是,人工种植松树样地的粪食性金龟子群落形成以中华嗡蜣螂为优势种的单优种群落。
3.群落相似性分析的结果将研究区土壤金龟子群落分为四大类:第一类分布于次生百里香草地和退化草地,第二类分布于人工杨树林地、人工锦鸡儿样地和农田1,第三类分布于人工沙打旺样地、农田2和撂荒地,第四类:人工松树林地。
4.与阳泉沟小流域比较,五分地沟小流域的水土流失综合治理导致了植食性金龟子群落多样性的明显提高,但粪食腐食性金龟子群落多样性则无明显变化。
5.土壤金龟子群落与环境因素之间的相关分析和典范对应性分析均表明,影响研究地区土壤金龟子群落基本特征的主要环境因素是土壤含水量、土壤全磷含量、植被状况和土壤速效磷含量。
The study plots were located in Wufendi and Yangquan ravine, Huangfu-chuan watershed in Inner Mongolia.Five controlling methods of water-soil erosion,i.e.,pine woodland、aspen woodland、artificial shrub、artificial-planded weadow and abandoned cropland were sampling sites.And farmland、grassland and degenerated grassland were controlling sites.Soil sampling and bait trap were used to collect soil scarabs in 2007 - 2008.The soil scarab community construction,community similarity,species diversity, niches and ecological adaptation were analysed.The main results as follows.
1.A total of 6 999 soil scarabs belonging to 4 families,12 genus and 21 species were captured.Among them,1 041 were of shytophagous scarab imago and larvea belonging to 2 families,6 genus and 7 species.The dominant species are Serica orientalis and Diphycerus davidis.And 5 958 were of coprophagous scarabs belonging to 2 families,6 genus and 14 species. The dominant species are Aphodius rectus and Onthophagus gibbulus.
2.Compared to control sites,the individual numbers and biomass of shytophagous scarab were increased under in different water-soil erosion controlling methods sites.But the individual numbers of coprophagous scarabs were not significant increase.And the biomass of them were decrease on the contrary.In different water-soil erosion controlling methods sites,the dominant species of shytophagous scarab communities were same as that of in control sites,the number of dominant species of coprophagous scarab communities were higher than that of in control sites.It was especially that the community of coprophagous scarab in pine woodland was monodominant community which with Onthophagus sinicus.
3.Based on the analysis of community similarity,the soil scarab communities in different sampling sites can be divided into four kinds.The first kind were distributed in grassland and degenerated grassland.The second one were distributed in aspen woodland,artificial shrub and farmland.The third one were distributed in artificial-planted meadow,farmland and abandoned cropland.The fourth one were distributed in pine woodland.
4.As the different water-soil erosion controlling methods put in practice in Wufendi ravine,the diversity of shytophagous scarab community was significantly inhanced comparing to control sites.But the diversity of coprophagous scarab community was not significantly changed.
5.The results that from the partial correlation and CCA between soil scarab community and environmental factors indicated that the main environmental factors which affected soil scarabs were water content of soil, total phosphorus of soil,condition of vegetation and available phosphorus of soil.
1.本项研究共采集到土壤金龟子6999头,隶属于4科,12属,21种。其中,植食性金龟子成虫和幼虫共1041头,隶属于2科6属7种,优势种为东方绢金龟和毛缺鳃金龟;粪食腐食性金龟子5958头,隶属于2科6属14种,优势种为直蜉金龟和小驼嗡蜣螂。
2.与对照样地比较,不同水土治理措施样地植食性金龟子个体数量和生物量明显增加,粪食性金龟子个体数量增加不明显,生物量反而有所下降。不同水土治理措施下,植食性金龟子群落优势种组成与对照样地基本一致,粪食性金龟子的优势种种类数增多;较为特殊的是,人工种植松树样地的粪食性金龟子群落形成以中华嗡蜣螂为优势种的单优种群落。
3.群落相似性分析的结果将研究区土壤金龟子群落分为四大类:第一类分布于次生百里香草地和退化草地,第二类分布于人工杨树林地、人工锦鸡儿样地和农田1,第三类分布于人工沙打旺样地、农田2和撂荒地,第四类:人工松树林地。
4.与阳泉沟小流域比较,五分地沟小流域的水土流失综合治理导致了植食性金龟子群落多样性的明显提高,但粪食腐食性金龟子群落多样性则无明显变化。
5.土壤金龟子群落与环境因素之间的相关分析和典范对应性分析均表明,影响研究地区土壤金龟子群落基本特征的主要环境因素是土壤含水量、土壤全磷含量、植被状况和土壤速效磷含量。
The study plots were located in Wufendi and Yangquan ravine, Huangfu-chuan watershed in Inner Mongolia.Five controlling methods of water-soil erosion,i.e.,pine woodland、aspen woodland、artificial shrub、artificial-planded weadow and abandoned cropland were sampling sites.And farmland、grassland and degenerated grassland were controlling sites.Soil sampling and bait trap were used to collect soil scarabs in 2007 - 2008.The soil scarab community construction,community similarity,species diversity, niches and ecological adaptation were analysed.The main results as follows.
1.A total of 6 999 soil scarabs belonging to 4 families,12 genus and 21 species were captured.Among them,1 041 were of shytophagous scarab imago and larvea belonging to 2 families,6 genus and 7 species.The dominant species are Serica orientalis and Diphycerus davidis.And 5 958 were of coprophagous scarabs belonging to 2 families,6 genus and 14 species. The dominant species are Aphodius rectus and Onthophagus gibbulus.
2.Compared to control sites,the individual numbers and biomass of shytophagous scarab were increased under in different water-soil erosion controlling methods sites.But the individual numbers of coprophagous scarabs were not significant increase.And the biomass of them were decrease on the contrary.In different water-soil erosion controlling methods sites,the dominant species of shytophagous scarab communities were same as that of in control sites,the number of dominant species of coprophagous scarab communities were higher than that of in control sites.It was especially that the community of coprophagous scarab in pine woodland was monodominant community which with Onthophagus sinicus.
3.Based on the analysis of community similarity,the soil scarab communities in different sampling sites can be divided into four kinds.The first kind were distributed in grassland and degenerated grassland.The second one were distributed in aspen woodland,artificial shrub and farmland.The third one were distributed in artificial-planted meadow,farmland and abandoned cropland.The fourth one were distributed in pine woodland.
4.As the different water-soil erosion controlling methods put in practice in Wufendi ravine,the diversity of shytophagous scarab community was significantly inhanced comparing to control sites.But the diversity of coprophagous scarab community was not significantly changed.
5.The results that from the partial correlation and CCA between soil scarab community and environmental factors indicated that the main environmental factors which affected soil scarabs were water content of soil, total phosphorus of soil,condition of vegetation and available phosphorus of soil.
引文
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