一类闭环供应链回收渠道的博弈模型及应用研究
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摘要
市场经济的快速发展迫使制造商不断推陈出新，人们对产品的个性化需求也在不断地增长，从而使得产品的生命周期越来越短，产品更新换代速度也越来越快，大量产品在使用寿命未终结时便遭淘汰，这造成资源的极大浪费，同时也给人们生存的环境和生活带来了巨大危害。因此，资源—产品—废旧产品—再制造产品的闭环式经济增长模式应运而生，这一模式大大增加了资源再利用，降低了企业运营成本，符合经济发展与资源利用、环境保护相协调的可持续发展战略目标。
本文在对闭环供应链回收渠道和定价策略等文献综述研究基础上，以博弈论和混沌动力学理论、复杂性理论为支撑，构建了废旧品的回收预测模型，研究了闭环供应链企业间的回收管理，利用Matlab进行数值模拟，分析了其复杂动态的演化过程。本论文的主要内容和创新点如下：
（1）拓展了关于闭环供应链的回收渠道和企业间协调的研究方法。文献中关于闭环供应链的研究大多采用博弈理论的方法，本文综合运用了混沌动力学理论、复杂性理论和博弈理论的复合理论方法。
（2）丰富了研究内容，构建了三种不同回收渠道的数学模型。以往的研究多以一个制造商和一个零售商为主，零售商回收的回收模式，本文构建的三种回收模型为：竞争的制造商回收管理模型；制造商和竞争的回收商间合作竞争的管理模型；新产品和再造品差别定价的协调管理模型。
（3）针对不同方式的回收渠道模型，引入废旧品回收价格调整参数和再造品的销售价格调整参数，通过数值模拟对价格调整速度变动引起的价格混沌等复杂动力学行为进行了研究。研究表明了企业对回收价格和销售价格调整系数大小影响着市场的反应，调整速度越快，市场越早进入混沌状态。研究结论指导企业可以确定每一时刻的最佳回收价格，并且适应性地调整，以便获得最大化收益以及更好的满足市场需求。
（4）针对不同方式回收渠道模型，建立了基于分散决策下的纳什均衡和斯坦科尔伯格博弈模型，集中控制下的联合决策模型，对模型进行稳定性和复杂性分析，得出不同模型中回收价格和销售价格的变化趋势以及模型中主要参数对系统的影响。
The rapid development of market economy forcing manufacturer continues tointroduce new products. With the continuous growth of individual demand of people,the products life cycle become more and more short. And the renewal speed ofproducts becomes more and more quickly, vast products have been out which still nothave not been to life end, which creates a tremendous waste of resources, also bringsgreat harm for people living environment and life. Therefore, the closed-loopeconomic growth mode of resources-products-waste products-remanufacturingproducts appears which increases resource recycling and reduces enterprise costs.The mode meets the strategic objective of sustainable development which realizes thecoordination among economic development and utilization of resources,environmental protection.
In this paper, based on the research literature review about the closed-loop supplychain recovery channels and pricing strategy etc, by using the game theory and thechaotic dynamics theory, complexity theory for support, it constructs prediction modelof the recovery waste products, and studies the recycling management of enterprisesin the closed-loop supply chain. Through Numerical simulation by Matlab, it analyzesthe complex dynamic evolution process. The main content and innovation points ofthis paper are as follows.
(1) It extends the research methods about recycling channel and enterprisescoordination of the closed-loop supply chain. The research method of literature aboutclosed-loop supply chain is mostly game theory. The chaos dynamics theory,complexity theory and the game theory are comprehensive applied in this paper.
(2) Enrich the research content. It constructs three kind of mathematics modeaccording to different recycling channel. Previous studies are mainly retailersrecycling mode in the close-loop supply chain which included a manufacturer and aretailer. This paper constructs three models as follows. Firstly, competition recyclingcoordination model which includes two equal manufacturers. Secondly, cooperative aswell as competitive coordination model which includes a manufacturer and tworecovery businesses (upstream-downstream enterprise). Lastly, differential pricinggame model which includes a manufacturer and a retailer.
(3) According to the different channels, it introduces adjustment parameters of usedproducts recycling price and remanufacturing products sale price. Through numericalsimulation, it researches complex dynamics behavior of chaos system which causedby changes of price adjustment speed. The faster the adjustment is, the earlier intochaos state. These conclusions provide decision basis of determining the optimalpricing in every stage for manufacturers to realizing revenue maximization.
(4) According to the different channels, it constructs Nash equilibrium andStackelberg game model based on the decentralized control decisions, andcollaboration decision model based on the decentralized control. It analyzes onstability and complexity and the influence of main parameters of the models, anddraws change trend of recycling price and sale price in different model.
本文在对闭环供应链回收渠道和定价策略等文献综述研究基础上，以博弈论和混沌动力学理论、复杂性理论为支撑，构建了废旧品的回收预测模型，研究了闭环供应链企业间的回收管理，利用Matlab进行数值模拟，分析了其复杂动态的演化过程。本论文的主要内容和创新点如下：
（1）拓展了关于闭环供应链的回收渠道和企业间协调的研究方法。文献中关于闭环供应链的研究大多采用博弈理论的方法，本文综合运用了混沌动力学理论、复杂性理论和博弈理论的复合理论方法。
（2）丰富了研究内容，构建了三种不同回收渠道的数学模型。以往的研究多以一个制造商和一个零售商为主，零售商回收的回收模式，本文构建的三种回收模型为：竞争的制造商回收管理模型；制造商和竞争的回收商间合作竞争的管理模型；新产品和再造品差别定价的协调管理模型。
（3）针对不同方式的回收渠道模型，引入废旧品回收价格调整参数和再造品的销售价格调整参数，通过数值模拟对价格调整速度变动引起的价格混沌等复杂动力学行为进行了研究。研究表明了企业对回收价格和销售价格调整系数大小影响着市场的反应，调整速度越快，市场越早进入混沌状态。研究结论指导企业可以确定每一时刻的最佳回收价格，并且适应性地调整，以便获得最大化收益以及更好的满足市场需求。
（4）针对不同方式回收渠道模型，建立了基于分散决策下的纳什均衡和斯坦科尔伯格博弈模型，集中控制下的联合决策模型，对模型进行稳定性和复杂性分析，得出不同模型中回收价格和销售价格的变化趋势以及模型中主要参数对系统的影响。
The rapid development of market economy forcing manufacturer continues tointroduce new products. With the continuous growth of individual demand of people,the products life cycle become more and more short. And the renewal speed ofproducts becomes more and more quickly, vast products have been out which still nothave not been to life end, which creates a tremendous waste of resources, also bringsgreat harm for people living environment and life. Therefore, the closed-loopeconomic growth mode of resources-products-waste products-remanufacturingproducts appears which increases resource recycling and reduces enterprise costs.The mode meets the strategic objective of sustainable development which realizes thecoordination among economic development and utilization of resources,environmental protection.
In this paper, based on the research literature review about the closed-loop supplychain recovery channels and pricing strategy etc, by using the game theory and thechaotic dynamics theory, complexity theory for support, it constructs prediction modelof the recovery waste products, and studies the recycling management of enterprisesin the closed-loop supply chain. Through Numerical simulation by Matlab, it analyzesthe complex dynamic evolution process. The main content and innovation points ofthis paper are as follows.
(1) It extends the research methods about recycling channel and enterprisescoordination of the closed-loop supply chain. The research method of literature aboutclosed-loop supply chain is mostly game theory. The chaos dynamics theory,complexity theory and the game theory are comprehensive applied in this paper.
(2) Enrich the research content. It constructs three kind of mathematics modeaccording to different recycling channel. Previous studies are mainly retailersrecycling mode in the close-loop supply chain which included a manufacturer and aretailer. This paper constructs three models as follows. Firstly, competition recyclingcoordination model which includes two equal manufacturers. Secondly, cooperative aswell as competitive coordination model which includes a manufacturer and tworecovery businesses (upstream-downstream enterprise). Lastly, differential pricinggame model which includes a manufacturer and a retailer.
(3) According to the different channels, it introduces adjustment parameters of usedproducts recycling price and remanufacturing products sale price. Through numericalsimulation, it researches complex dynamics behavior of chaos system which causedby changes of price adjustment speed. The faster the adjustment is, the earlier intochaos state. These conclusions provide decision basis of determining the optimalpricing in every stage for manufacturers to realizing revenue maximization.
(4) According to the different channels, it constructs Nash equilibrium andStackelberg game model based on the decentralized control decisions, andcollaboration decision model based on the decentralized control. It analyzes onstability and complexity and the influence of main parameters of the models, anddraws change trend of recycling price and sale price in different model.
引文
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