机场物流系统的EDI/XML平台设计与可行性分析
摘要
随着经济全球化和信息化进程的加快，21世纪将是现代物流大发展的时期。现代化的机场已不再是简单的货物交换场所，而是全球动态物流链上的一个重要环节，日益成为促进和加强贸易发展的重要场所。
机场物流的发展带来了各种贸易单证、文件数量的激增。虽然计算机及其它办公自动化设备的出现可以在一定范围内减轻人工处理纸面单证的劳动强度，但由于各种型号的计算机不能完全兼容，实际上又增加了对纸张的需求。此处，在各类单证中有相当大的一部分数据是重复出现的，需要反复地键入。重复输入也使出差错的机率增高。同时重复录入浪费人力、浪费时间、降低效率。因此，纸面单证成了阻碍机场物流发展的一个比较突出的因素。另外，市场竞争也出现了新的特征。价格因素在竞争中所占的比重逐渐减小，而服务性因素所占比重增大。货主为了减少风险，要求小批量、多品种、供货快的物流服务，以适应瞬息万变的市场，因此提高单证传递速度和处理速度成了货代和货主的共同需求。
现代计算机的大量普及和应用以及功能的不断提高，已使计算机应用从单机应用走向系统应用；同时通信条件和技术的完善，网络的普及和XML语言的出现又为EDI向互联网的发展提供了坚实的基础。EDI／XML信息系统为机场物流满足货代和货主的要求提供了理想的平台。
本文从现有的深圳机场物流系统的调查入手，提出整合机场货站和中小货代的EDI／XML解决方案。EDI／XML在原有的机场物流系统的基础上建立一个“信息共享平台”，将相互之间有信息交流的业务环节连接起来以提高流程效率，但这种重构不增加业务流程的环节；EDI／XML灵活性重构效应既表现为通过规范整个流程来简化整个业务流程，又可以借助EDI／XML增加信息的来源和提高信息的时效性来拓展整个业务流程结构，EDI／XML在准确性方面的重构效应主要主要表现在对业务审核环节进行删减和合并。上述重构效应最终可以通过业务完成时间的减少和业务完成质量的提高等指标来得以实现。本文创新性的引入ABC成本法和Petri分析的方法，将物流系统分解，对各环节整合，试对机场信息化对机场物流系统的重构作出评估。
本文研究论述是建立在实地调查和科学分析基础上的，可以得出以下结论：EDI／XML系统在技术上是可行的；新系统在经济上可以节约劳动力成本、单证成本；新系统提高了机场物流系统的整体效率，应用该系统，可以极大增加机场的竞争力。
浙江大学管理工程硕上论文
机场物流系统的EDllXML平台设计，。可行性分析
本文的研究为机场物流信息化的科学决策提供了依据。
Along with the speeding of the globalization of the economic and the information technology, the 21st century is becoming a time of the great development of the modern logistics. The modern airport has been not only a place to exchange goods, but also an important place of enhancing trades and an important node in the supply chain of the world logistics.
The development of the airport's logistics brings about the increasing of many kinds' single certificates and documents. Although the computer and other office automation system can alleviate the labor strength of handling single certificate artificially to a certain extent, there is an increasing of the need of the paper for the computers are not totally compatible to each other. Besides, there has been a repetition of inputting data since many data in the certificates are repetitive. The repetition of inputting data makes a big possibility of making mistakes. This repetition wastes manpower, time and lower the efficiency. Therefore, single certificate in paper has been a main factor of baffling the development of the airport logistics. Moreover, the market competition also has some new characteristics. The factor of the price has decreased and the factor of the service increases. For reducing the risk, the owners of goods, request the small batch, many species, and quick supply in the logistic, to adapt to the volatile market. Thus it has been the common need of the service and the owner that speeding the single certificate delivers and disposals.
The prevalence of modern computer and the developing of its functions have moved the single computer usage to the systematic usage. At the same time, these have given a good basis of the EDI's moving to the Internet: the perfecting of the communication and the techniques, the prevalence of the network and the appearance of the XML language. The EDI/XML system has provided an ideal platform for the airport logistics to fulfill the needs of the logistics servers and the goods owners.
This thesis begins with an investigation into the current logistics system of the Shenzhen Airport, puts forward a scheme of integrating the EDI/XML systems of the airport goods station and the servers of the middle scale and
small-scale goods. Based on the existing airport logistics system, the EDI/XML system establishes an "information-sharing platform". This system connects the nodes of the information communication of the logistics; this connection can enhance the efficiency of the logistical flow but does not increase the steps of the flow. The EDI/XML reconstruction effect can bring about freedom. This is the simplification of the whole service flow through standardization the whole process, and widening the whole structure of the service through increasing the sources of the information and improving the time-efficiency of the information. The EDI/XML reconstruction effect can bring about veracity. This is shown in the ability of deleting and uniting the steps of auditing the services. The above effects can be seen in the eventual decreasing of the service time and the improving of the service quality. The creative methods of importing the ABC Cost theory and the Petri Analysis can disassemble the logistics system, reintegrate its parts, and evaluate the reconstruction of the airport logistics by the information technology.
This thesis is based on the investigation and the scientific analysis. It reaches following conclusions: the EDI/XML system is technically feasible; the new system can economize the cost of the labor and the single certificate; the new system can increase the overall efficiency of the airport logistics system; and the application of this system can increase the competitive ability of the
airport largely.
This thesis has provided scientific reasons for making the policy of the information technology of the airport logistics system.
机场物流的发展带来了各种贸易单证、文件数量的激增。虽然计算机及其它办公自动化设备的出现可以在一定范围内减轻人工处理纸面单证的劳动强度，但由于各种型号的计算机不能完全兼容，实际上又增加了对纸张的需求。此处，在各类单证中有相当大的一部分数据是重复出现的，需要反复地键入。重复输入也使出差错的机率增高。同时重复录入浪费人力、浪费时间、降低效率。因此，纸面单证成了阻碍机场物流发展的一个比较突出的因素。另外，市场竞争也出现了新的特征。价格因素在竞争中所占的比重逐渐减小，而服务性因素所占比重增大。货主为了减少风险，要求小批量、多品种、供货快的物流服务，以适应瞬息万变的市场，因此提高单证传递速度和处理速度成了货代和货主的共同需求。
现代计算机的大量普及和应用以及功能的不断提高，已使计算机应用从单机应用走向系统应用；同时通信条件和技术的完善，网络的普及和XML语言的出现又为EDI向互联网的发展提供了坚实的基础。EDI／XML信息系统为机场物流满足货代和货主的要求提供了理想的平台。
本文从现有的深圳机场物流系统的调查入手，提出整合机场货站和中小货代的EDI／XML解决方案。EDI／XML在原有的机场物流系统的基础上建立一个“信息共享平台”，将相互之间有信息交流的业务环节连接起来以提高流程效率，但这种重构不增加业务流程的环节；EDI／XML灵活性重构效应既表现为通过规范整个流程来简化整个业务流程，又可以借助EDI／XML增加信息的来源和提高信息的时效性来拓展整个业务流程结构，EDI／XML在准确性方面的重构效应主要主要表现在对业务审核环节进行删减和合并。上述重构效应最终可以通过业务完成时间的减少和业务完成质量的提高等指标来得以实现。本文创新性的引入ABC成本法和Petri分析的方法，将物流系统分解，对各环节整合，试对机场信息化对机场物流系统的重构作出评估。
本文研究论述是建立在实地调查和科学分析基础上的，可以得出以下结论：EDI／XML系统在技术上是可行的；新系统在经济上可以节约劳动力成本、单证成本；新系统提高了机场物流系统的整体效率，应用该系统，可以极大增加机场的竞争力。
浙江大学管理工程硕上论文
机场物流系统的EDllXML平台设计，。可行性分析
本文的研究为机场物流信息化的科学决策提供了依据。
Along with the speeding of the globalization of the economic and the information technology, the 21st century is becoming a time of the great development of the modern logistics. The modern airport has been not only a place to exchange goods, but also an important place of enhancing trades and an important node in the supply chain of the world logistics.
The development of the airport's logistics brings about the increasing of many kinds' single certificates and documents. Although the computer and other office automation system can alleviate the labor strength of handling single certificate artificially to a certain extent, there is an increasing of the need of the paper for the computers are not totally compatible to each other. Besides, there has been a repetition of inputting data since many data in the certificates are repetitive. The repetition of inputting data makes a big possibility of making mistakes. This repetition wastes manpower, time and lower the efficiency. Therefore, single certificate in paper has been a main factor of baffling the development of the airport logistics. Moreover, the market competition also has some new characteristics. The factor of the price has decreased and the factor of the service increases. For reducing the risk, the owners of goods, request the small batch, many species, and quick supply in the logistic, to adapt to the volatile market. Thus it has been the common need of the service and the owner that speeding the single certificate delivers and disposals.
The prevalence of modern computer and the developing of its functions have moved the single computer usage to the systematic usage. At the same time, these have given a good basis of the EDI's moving to the Internet: the perfecting of the communication and the techniques, the prevalence of the network and the appearance of the XML language. The EDI/XML system has provided an ideal platform for the airport logistics to fulfill the needs of the logistics servers and the goods owners.
This thesis begins with an investigation into the current logistics system of the Shenzhen Airport, puts forward a scheme of integrating the EDI/XML systems of the airport goods station and the servers of the middle scale and
small-scale goods. Based on the existing airport logistics system, the EDI/XML system establishes an "information-sharing platform". This system connects the nodes of the information communication of the logistics; this connection can enhance the efficiency of the logistical flow but does not increase the steps of the flow. The EDI/XML reconstruction effect can bring about freedom. This is the simplification of the whole service flow through standardization the whole process, and widening the whole structure of the service through increasing the sources of the information and improving the time-efficiency of the information. The EDI/XML reconstruction effect can bring about veracity. This is shown in the ability of deleting and uniting the steps of auditing the services. The above effects can be seen in the eventual decreasing of the service time and the improving of the service quality. The creative methods of importing the ABC Cost theory and the Petri Analysis can disassemble the logistics system, reintegrate its parts, and evaluate the reconstruction of the airport logistics by the information technology.
This thesis is based on the investigation and the scientific analysis. It reaches following conclusions: the EDI/XML system is technically feasible; the new system can economize the cost of the labor and the single certificate; the new system can increase the overall efficiency of the airport logistics system; and the application of this system can increase the competitive ability of the
airport largely.
This thesis has provided scientific reasons for making the policy of the information technology of the airport logistics system.
引文
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[2]王淑云．现代物流．人民交通出版社．2002
[3]李炜，曾广周，王晓琳．一种基于时间Petri网的工作流模型．软件学报．2002．13．8
[4]赵喜鸿等．总线型物流系统及其实现研究．微型电脑应用．2000．11．11
[5]Zurawski R, ZhouMC. Petri nets and industrial application: [J]. IEEE Trans Industrial Electronics. 1994,41(6):567-583.
[6]Peterson JL . Petri Net Theory and the Modeling of Systems[M]. Engle wood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall. 1981.
[7]王文学．用Petri网分析离散事件动态系统[J]．控制与决策．1990，(1)：29-37．
[8]陈永凤，费奇．Petri网在物资调运问题中的应用[J]．系统工程理论与实践．1998，18(11)：87-91．
[9]李东，卢晓辉，费奇，陈学广．在大型物流调运系统中建立实际的运输问题模型的研究[J]。系统工程．2000，18(6)：18-22．
[10]董千里．高级物流学．北京：人民交通出版社，1999．4
[11]宋远方．供应链管理与信息技术，北京：经济科学出版社．2000．5
[12]朱道立，龚国华，罗齐．物流和供应链管理．上海：复且大学出版社．2001．4
[13]http://www.gmt.net.cn/khfw4.htm
[14]http://www.sz-sea.com/agent/xinxifuwu/2005.asp
[15]钱军 知识创新 政务搭台．中科院电子政务系统设计方案．计算机学报．2002，05，13
[16]我国EDI应用现状、问题及对策分析．物流中国网．2003，10，30
[17]赵刚．现代物流系列丛书 物流运筹．2002．9
[18]罗纫德．H．巴罗著，王晓东、胡瑞娟等译．企业物流管理．北京，机械工业出版社．2002
[19]唐纳德．J．鲍尔索克斯、戴绍．丁．克劳斯著，林回龙等泽．物流管理：供应链过程的一体化．机械工业出版社．1999
[20]理查德．B．荣斯、尼古拉斯·J 阿奎拉诺、F．罗伯持·雅各布斯著．宋国防等译．生产与运作管理：制造与服务．北京，机械工业出版社．1999
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