时频信号的相位比对与处理技术
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摘要
周期性信号之间的相位比对是时频测控领域中解决高分辨率测量技术的重要手段，周期性信号之间相位差的变化体现了频率信号之间相位量化步进的规律性现象。周期性信号之间相位差的规律性变化的研究，在时频测量领域中具有良好的应用和发展前景。通过对任意频率信号之间相位关系的分析和研究，完成对频率信号的超高分辨率相位差、相位噪声、频率及频率稳定度测量。温度和频漂是影响原子频标性能的固有特性。通过对原子频标温度和漂移特性的分析，研究通过数字化补偿技术实现原子频标性能的提高。取得的主要研究成果为：
1.对标称值不同的信号之间相位关系进行了研究，提出了任意信号之间具有相位可比性。提出了标称值呈倍数关系的周期性信号之间具有和标称值相同信号的等效比对关系，而且由于对应的量化相移分辨率更小，体现出来的分辨率更高。通过引入标称最小公倍数周期，解决了标称值不同且不具有倍数关系的信号之间的信号之间的直接比对。实现了任意信号之间的直接相位比对，并推导出相应的比对公式，简化频率变化链中复杂的频率变化。
2.对高分辨率相位差测量技术进行了研究，提出了通过相位差群同步消除任意周期性信号相位比对测量中的量化误差。在等效鉴相频率、最小公倍数周期和等效比对等概念和理论基础之上，引入公共振荡源，利用相位差群同步和标称值呈倍数关系的周期性信号之间的相位比对关系，实现高分辨率的相位差测量。针对10MHz的比对源，实现10ps相位差测量分辨率测量。
3.对超高分辨率的频率测量技术进行了研究，利用相位差群同步的概念，在不需要通过复杂的频率变换处理，将相位比对和处理的方法推广到任意频率情况下实现了超高分辨率的频率测。将信号间的量化相移分辨率与频率合成技术相结合，能够在宽范围内获得自校情况下10-15/s的测量分辨率，在互比的测量情况下，测量分辨率则能够达到10-13/s量级。
4.对高分辨率的线性相位比对技术进行了研究，提出利用线性相位比对技术实现距离的测量。利用了线性比相-单路分频控制鉴相法和比对信号之间的倍数关系，控制鉴相区域，保证比对的高线性度。采用脉冲平均的方法和简单的信号处理电路器件的优化选择，来减小触发误差。采用高精度数字电压表测量，通过对电压表积分时间的控制减小源噪声对测量结果的影响，来实现距离的测量，针对空间距离测量，分辨率能够达到30μm。
5.对相位噪声测量技术进行了研究。利用标称值呈倍数关系的相位比对的等效性，通过对信号之间相位量化的和相位差群同步现象的分析，提出利用周期性信号的相位量化关系，通过对合适频率关系的相位差群同步现象的高精度捕捉，选择相应的响应时间，利用对闸门时间抖动的测量，实现宽范围的相位噪声测量。
6.对频率基准铷原子频标的温度和漂移特性进行了研究，针对铷原子频标受温度和漂移的影响，研究铷原子频标温度漂移补偿方案。铷原子钟的温度和漂移均属于系统误差。温度特性具有一定的重复性，对温度特性进行非实时补偿；漂移有一定的离散性，规律性较明显的铷原子频标漂移率相对较大，能够引入数字补偿处理，提高原子频标的特性指标。
The phase comparison and processing between the periodic signals is an importantmethod to solve high-resolution measurement techniques in the measurement andcontrol field. Phase difference between the periodic signals reflects regularity of phasequantization stepping. The regularity shift of phase has a good application anddevelopment prospects in the time-frequency measurement. Frequency and frequencystability measurements, phase difference measurement and phase noise measurementcan be completed by phase difference analysis and research. For the further research,the technology can be used in precision measurement in space for the development ofelectronic devices and effective means of the phase process between the two signals.Temperature and frequency drift is atomic frequency standard inherent characteristicswhich effects atomic frequency standard performance. By the analysis of its temperatureand drift characteristics, the atomic frequency standard performance improvement isstudied though the digital compensation technology. The author’s major contributionsare outlined as follows:
1. The phase relationship between arbitrary signals has been studied. The phasecomparison between the arbitrary signals is present. The comparison between multiplefrequencies is equivalent to the same nominal frequency. The smaller the quantizationphase shift resolution, the higher the measurement resolution. The comparision can bedone between the periodic signals without the same or multiple nominal frequencies.Arbitrary signals can be directly compared by introducing the nominal the leastcommon multiple period. The corresponding formula is deduced. The complexfrequency conversion is simplified in the frequency change of the chain.
2. High-resolution phase difference measurement technique has been studied. Thispaper put forward that quantization error can be eliminate by using of groupsynchronization to eliminate in any periodic signal phase comparison. High-resolutionphase difference measurement can be realized by adding the common oscillation sourceand comparison between the multiple nominal frequencies based on the QuantizedPhase Shift Resolution，Least Common Multiple Period, and equivalent comparison andso on. The phase difference measurement resolution can reach to10ps by using of groupsynchronization for10MHz frequency source.
3. Ultra-high-resolution frequency measurement technique has been study. Phase
difference group synchronization concept is proposed to process arbitrary frequency
measurement which does not require complex frequency transformation. The high resolution frequency measurement in different nominal frequency is complete by phasecomparison and processing based on the phase difference group synchronous underwithout complex frequency conversion. The measurement resolution can get10-15/sin self-correction and10-13/s in different frequency standard in wide range accordingto the quantization phase shift resolution and frequency synthesis technique.
4. High-resolution linear phase comparison has been study. Distance measurementby the linear-phase comparison technology is present. High linearity is ensured bycontrolling the phase comparison region though the single divider controlling phasecomparison and the small multiple frequency relationship. The trigger error can bereduced by plus average method, optimization option of the signal processing circuit.The noise of the source can be reduced by the control of voltmeter integration time andthe measurement of distances can be completed, the resolution can be achieved30μm.
5. Phase noise measurement technology has been studied. Phase quantization of theperiod signals is put forward by the phase quantization and phase difference groupsynchronization analysis based on phase comparison equivalent between multiplenominal frequencies and the same nominal frequency. The wide range phase noisemeasurement can be realized by the count gate jitter measurement and effectiveresponse time in the appropriate frequency relation and high accurate capture of phasedifference group synchronization.
6. Temperature and drift of the rubidium atomic frequency standard have beenstudied. The compensation program of temperature and drift characteristic in Rbfrequency standard are designed. The temperature and drift are systematic errors,temperature characteristics has certain repetitive, non-real-time compensation oftemperature characteristic can develop the Rb frequency standard; drift discreterelatively larger, digital compensation can be used in more obvious to the regularity ofclock drift.
1.对标称值不同的信号之间相位关系进行了研究，提出了任意信号之间具有相位可比性。提出了标称值呈倍数关系的周期性信号之间具有和标称值相同信号的等效比对关系，而且由于对应的量化相移分辨率更小，体现出来的分辨率更高。通过引入标称最小公倍数周期，解决了标称值不同且不具有倍数关系的信号之间的信号之间的直接比对。实现了任意信号之间的直接相位比对，并推导出相应的比对公式，简化频率变化链中复杂的频率变化。
2.对高分辨率相位差测量技术进行了研究，提出了通过相位差群同步消除任意周期性信号相位比对测量中的量化误差。在等效鉴相频率、最小公倍数周期和等效比对等概念和理论基础之上，引入公共振荡源，利用相位差群同步和标称值呈倍数关系的周期性信号之间的相位比对关系，实现高分辨率的相位差测量。针对10MHz的比对源，实现10ps相位差测量分辨率测量。
3.对超高分辨率的频率测量技术进行了研究，利用相位差群同步的概念，在不需要通过复杂的频率变换处理，将相位比对和处理的方法推广到任意频率情况下实现了超高分辨率的频率测。将信号间的量化相移分辨率与频率合成技术相结合，能够在宽范围内获得自校情况下10-15/s的测量分辨率，在互比的测量情况下，测量分辨率则能够达到10-13/s量级。
4.对高分辨率的线性相位比对技术进行了研究，提出利用线性相位比对技术实现距离的测量。利用了线性比相-单路分频控制鉴相法和比对信号之间的倍数关系，控制鉴相区域，保证比对的高线性度。采用脉冲平均的方法和简单的信号处理电路器件的优化选择，来减小触发误差。采用高精度数字电压表测量，通过对电压表积分时间的控制减小源噪声对测量结果的影响，来实现距离的测量，针对空间距离测量，分辨率能够达到30μm。
5.对相位噪声测量技术进行了研究。利用标称值呈倍数关系的相位比对的等效性，通过对信号之间相位量化的和相位差群同步现象的分析，提出利用周期性信号的相位量化关系，通过对合适频率关系的相位差群同步现象的高精度捕捉，选择相应的响应时间，利用对闸门时间抖动的测量，实现宽范围的相位噪声测量。
6.对频率基准铷原子频标的温度和漂移特性进行了研究，针对铷原子频标受温度和漂移的影响，研究铷原子频标温度漂移补偿方案。铷原子钟的温度和漂移均属于系统误差。温度特性具有一定的重复性，对温度特性进行非实时补偿；漂移有一定的离散性，规律性较明显的铷原子频标漂移率相对较大，能够引入数字补偿处理，提高原子频标的特性指标。
The phase comparison and processing between the periodic signals is an importantmethod to solve high-resolution measurement techniques in the measurement andcontrol field. Phase difference between the periodic signals reflects regularity of phasequantization stepping. The regularity shift of phase has a good application anddevelopment prospects in the time-frequency measurement. Frequency and frequencystability measurements, phase difference measurement and phase noise measurementcan be completed by phase difference analysis and research. For the further research,the technology can be used in precision measurement in space for the development ofelectronic devices and effective means of the phase process between the two signals.Temperature and frequency drift is atomic frequency standard inherent characteristicswhich effects atomic frequency standard performance. By the analysis of its temperatureand drift characteristics, the atomic frequency standard performance improvement isstudied though the digital compensation technology. The author’s major contributionsare outlined as follows:
1. The phase relationship between arbitrary signals has been studied. The phasecomparison between the arbitrary signals is present. The comparison between multiplefrequencies is equivalent to the same nominal frequency. The smaller the quantizationphase shift resolution, the higher the measurement resolution. The comparision can bedone between the periodic signals without the same or multiple nominal frequencies.Arbitrary signals can be directly compared by introducing the nominal the leastcommon multiple period. The corresponding formula is deduced. The complexfrequency conversion is simplified in the frequency change of the chain.
2. High-resolution phase difference measurement technique has been studied. Thispaper put forward that quantization error can be eliminate by using of groupsynchronization to eliminate in any periodic signal phase comparison. High-resolutionphase difference measurement can be realized by adding the common oscillation sourceand comparison between the multiple nominal frequencies based on the QuantizedPhase Shift Resolution，Least Common Multiple Period, and equivalent comparison andso on. The phase difference measurement resolution can reach to10ps by using of groupsynchronization for10MHz frequency source.
3. Ultra-high-resolution frequency measurement technique has been study. Phase
difference group synchronization concept is proposed to process arbitrary frequency
measurement which does not require complex frequency transformation. The high resolution frequency measurement in different nominal frequency is complete by phasecomparison and processing based on the phase difference group synchronous underwithout complex frequency conversion. The measurement resolution can get10-15/sin self-correction and10-13/s in different frequency standard in wide range accordingto the quantization phase shift resolution and frequency synthesis technique.
4. High-resolution linear phase comparison has been study. Distance measurementby the linear-phase comparison technology is present. High linearity is ensured bycontrolling the phase comparison region though the single divider controlling phasecomparison and the small multiple frequency relationship. The trigger error can bereduced by plus average method, optimization option of the signal processing circuit.The noise of the source can be reduced by the control of voltmeter integration time andthe measurement of distances can be completed, the resolution can be achieved30μm.
5. Phase noise measurement technology has been studied. Phase quantization of theperiod signals is put forward by the phase quantization and phase difference groupsynchronization analysis based on phase comparison equivalent between multiplenominal frequencies and the same nominal frequency. The wide range phase noisemeasurement can be realized by the count gate jitter measurement and effectiveresponse time in the appropriate frequency relation and high accurate capture of phasedifference group synchronization.
6. Temperature and drift of the rubidium atomic frequency standard have beenstudied. The compensation program of temperature and drift characteristic in Rbfrequency standard are designed. The temperature and drift are systematic errors,temperature characteristics has certain repetitive, non-real-time compensation oftemperature characteristic can develop the Rb frequency standard; drift discreterelatively larger, digital compensation can be used in more obvious to the regularity ofclock drift.
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