PLC在水电厂机组现地控制单元改造中的应用研究
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摘要
可编程序控制器(Programmable logic controller)是综合了计算机技术、自动控制技术和通信技术的通用自动控制装置。它具有功能强、可靠性高、使用灵活方便、易于编程及适宜于工业环境下应用等一系列优点。在国内外,PLC产品在工业控制领域的使用十分普遍。近年来,随着国内电力体制改革的深入,为适应电力系统自动化水平整体发展的要求,电厂自动化水平要求有相应的提高。电厂自动化的各项指标和监控系统的性能密切相关。而监控系统中,机组LCU装置是重要组成部分,该部分性能的稳定与否又将直接影响监控系统性能。
本文首先对国内外水电厂监控系统及LCU装置的发展过程进行了综述,在总结现有研究成果的基础上,结合葛洲坝二江电厂LCU装置的改造要求,确立了用可编程序控制器代替原来的工控机与单板机的改造方案。
然后结合硬件及软件的功能要求及设计原则,对新LCU装置的硬件体系及软件体系进行了设计。硬件体系设计包括装置各功能器件的选型、装置结构设计、装置与外围设备通讯方式的确立。软件体系设计包括硬件组态、网络组态、数据库规划与创建、数据处理功能实现、控制功能实现及触摸屏画面编辑。
设计完成后,对LCU装置进行了调试与运行。调试与运行的结果表明,将PLC应用于机组LCU装置的改造是可行的,新LCU装置能满足改造的各项功能需求。这一改造成果为电厂自动化水平的提高奠定了基础,在电厂减人增效的改革中发挥了巨大的作用。
PLC(Programmable logic controller) is a kind of automatic control system which contains the technology of computer, automation and communication. It has the advantage of multiple function, high reliability, flexibility and simple program making. It has already been used in industry control field in domestic and aboard for years. Now, with the development of power system of our country, power plants are taking methods to raise their automation level to meet the requirements, the key point is to raise the level of CSCS(computer supervision and control system), and the main part of it relies on the function of LCU(local control unit).
Firstly, this paper reviews the history and trend of CSCS and LCU(local control unit) for hydropower plant both at home and aboard. A new, PLC type LCU for the Second Channal Branch of GeZhouBa Hydropower Plant is developed according to the innovation inquirements of LCU.
Then, according to related rules, hardware system design and software system design of the new LCU are described in detail. Hardware system design includes hardware type selection, hardware structure configuration and communication realization of LCU and other devices. Software system design includes hardware configuration, network configuration, data- base building, program making, and touch screen diagram making.
After design, LCU is put into field tests and operation. The result of the tests and operation demonstrate that the application of PLC in Hydro Power Plant's LCU innovation is reasonable. The new LCU can meet the requirements of the innovation. The innovation has raised the automation level of the Hydropower Plant, and has contributed much to its high efficiency management.
本文首先对国内外水电厂监控系统及LCU装置的发展过程进行了综述,在总结现有研究成果的基础上,结合葛洲坝二江电厂LCU装置的改造要求,确立了用可编程序控制器代替原来的工控机与单板机的改造方案。
然后结合硬件及软件的功能要求及设计原则,对新LCU装置的硬件体系及软件体系进行了设计。硬件体系设计包括装置各功能器件的选型、装置结构设计、装置与外围设备通讯方式的确立。软件体系设计包括硬件组态、网络组态、数据库规划与创建、数据处理功能实现、控制功能实现及触摸屏画面编辑。
设计完成后,对LCU装置进行了调试与运行。调试与运行的结果表明,将PLC应用于机组LCU装置的改造是可行的,新LCU装置能满足改造的各项功能需求。这一改造成果为电厂自动化水平的提高奠定了基础,在电厂减人增效的改革中发挥了巨大的作用。
PLC(Programmable logic controller) is a kind of automatic control system which contains the technology of computer, automation and communication. It has the advantage of multiple function, high reliability, flexibility and simple program making. It has already been used in industry control field in domestic and aboard for years. Now, with the development of power system of our country, power plants are taking methods to raise their automation level to meet the requirements, the key point is to raise the level of CSCS(computer supervision and control system), and the main part of it relies on the function of LCU(local control unit).
Firstly, this paper reviews the history and trend of CSCS and LCU(local control unit) for hydropower plant both at home and aboard. A new, PLC type LCU for the Second Channal Branch of GeZhouBa Hydropower Plant is developed according to the innovation inquirements of LCU.
Then, according to related rules, hardware system design and software system design of the new LCU are described in detail. Hardware system design includes hardware type selection, hardware structure configuration and communication realization of LCU and other devices. Software system design includes hardware configuration, network configuration, data- base building, program making, and touch screen diagram making.
After design, LCU is put into field tests and operation. The result of the tests and operation demonstrate that the application of PLC in Hydro Power Plant's LCU innovation is reasonable. The new LCU can meet the requirements of the innovation. The innovation has raised the automation level of the Hydropower Plant, and has contributed much to its high efficiency management.
引文
[1]聂志立.水电厂计算机监控系统通信的研究与应用[D].武汉:武汉水利电力大学.2000
[2]方辉钦.现代水电厂计算机监控技术与试验[M].中国电力出版社.2004.
[3]朱辰.现地控制单元在水电厂自动化中的应用和发展趋势.中国工业设备网.2006.
[4]廖常初.S7-300/400PLC应用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2005.
[5]边春元,任双艳,满永奎等.S7-300/400PLC实用开发指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2007.
[6]Siemens AG.S7-300可编程序控制器产品目录.2003.
[7]LCU改造技术协议.葛洲坝水利发电厂.
[8]电力部电力自动化研究院自动控制所.水电厂计算机监控系统-配置参考,南京:电力部电力自动化研究院自动控制所.2004,9
[9]Siemens AG.S7-400可编程序控制器产品目录.2003.
[10]SiemensAG.STEP 7 V5.0使用入门.1998.
[11]Siemens AG.STEP 7 V5.1编程使用手册.1998.
[12]马红旗.触摸屏在PLC中的应用[J].机电一体化.2003.
[13]方辉钦,施冲,朱辰,庞敏等著水电厂无人值班与监控系统改造.全国水电厂自动化技术信息网,2002.12专集
[14]江秀汉.可编程控制器原理及应用[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社.1998.
[15]王定一主编.水电站控制技术[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社.1996.
[16]阳宪惠.现场总线技术及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社.1999.
[17]冯启文,徐沽.水电厂计算机监控LCU结构模式的探讨[J].水电自动化与大坝监测,2007(5):24-26.
[18]王善永,施冲,钟敦美,等.基于现场总线技术的现地控制单元体系结构[J].水电厂自动化,2002(2):79282.
[19]殷召生,郑振熙,郑炜,等.Quantum PLC在占田溪水电厂现地控制单元改造中的应用[J].水电自动化与大坝监测,2007,31(2):59260.
[19]高海,李坤,舒丹阳,等.基于以太网的PLC通信与监控系统的实现[J].机电一体化,2005,11(1):66268.
[20]李建辉,梁力,黄慧华.水电厂计算机监控系统新型LCU装置的研制[J].水利水电技术,1996.5:16-18.
[21]孙昌爱,金茂忠,刘超.软件体系结构研究综述[J].软件学报.2002.13(7):1228-1238.
[22]张润时,褚爱民.二滩水电站计算机监控系统[J].水力发电,2000.5:46-47.
[23]宋远超,高光华.高坝洲水电站计算机监控系统设计[J].人民长江,1999.8:39-41.
[24]邵显成,权先璋,范卫红等.水电站网络监控系统中线程通信技术[J].水电能源科学,1998.3:51-54
[25]王庆十,汪淑伟,苏孝颜.水电厂微机监控与程序控制[J].黑龙江水利科技,1997.1:17-20
[26]张志强.水口水电厂监控系统现地控制单元可靠性及特点分析[J].福建电力与电工.2003.6:48-49
[27]殷国富,俞仕庭,申新卫.水电站微机分布式监控系统的研制[J].测控技术,1997.6:37-40
[28]FIELDBUS与NOVELL网互联技术的研究[J].微计算机信息,1998.3:7-16
[29]于海生.微型计算机控制技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[30]顾颖萌,崔建华,付桂芹等.PLC在水电机组自动化控制系统中的应用研究[J].测控技术,2002,21(6):29-31
[31]王伟.可编程控制器的使用和维护[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2005.
[32]郑萍,潘世永,李英.基于Ethernet的全开放工业控制网络[J].工业仪表与自动化.
[33]曾华林.DCS、PLC与现场总线系统在电厂的应用发展[J].湖南电力,1999.2:59-61.
[34]龙翔,张哲,于子重.一种新型水电站监控现地单元[J].继电器,2001.6:41-42.
[35]Siemens.SIMATIC S 7-200programmablecontroller[R].Beijing:Siemens,1999.186-190
[36]Siemens.SIMATICWinCCUserManual[R].Beijing:Siemens,2003
[37]McAlister,James.Monitor Trends in Generation Cost to Gauge Performance[J].Electrical World,Sep 1991,Vol.205,Iss.9:126-128
[38]Brian Hitchcock.Sybase Database Administrator's Handbook.Prentice Hall PTRg.1995 5-20
[39]Edwin Margulies.Client Server Computer Telephony.CMP Books.1998 8-17
[40]William Stallings.Network Security essentials:Applications and Standards.Prentice Hall/Pearson,2002
[41]R.H.Tawa Hydrogenerating Station Integrated Computer Control design features and Operating Experience[J].IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics and Control Instrument,1999,26:3-17
[42]Alan Alper Distributed Control Systems Progression MA Editorial Staff Posted on 2003
[43]Fand Huiqin.lntegrating the gezhouba experience into the Three Gorges Part Ⅱ[C].The second china electric Power industry forum'96,1996
[44]Soeresen E.etc.Recent Developments in Hydro Plant Control System[J].The International Journal on Hydropower and Dams,2001.1:19-27
[45]William W Terry.Hydro automation program improves efficiency and reduces operating expense at TVA[J].Power Engineering,Mar 2002,Vol.106,Iss.3:54-58
[46]Schanski.Application Experiences with Fieldbus Instruments.ISATRANSACTION(U.S),1996
[47]New power plant put into operation in Russia's Penza Region[J].BBC Monitoring Former Soviet Union,Dec 26,2003:1.
[48]Networking Principles with B&R.B&R,1999.
[49]Siemens AG.CP 341 Point-to-Point Communication Installation and Parameter Assignment Manual.2000.
[50]Siemens AG.AS-interface-Introduction and Basic Information Manual.
[2]方辉钦.现代水电厂计算机监控技术与试验[M].中国电力出版社.2004.
[3]朱辰.现地控制单元在水电厂自动化中的应用和发展趋势.中国工业设备网.2006.
[4]廖常初.S7-300/400PLC应用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2005.
[5]边春元,任双艳,满永奎等.S7-300/400PLC实用开发指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2007.
[6]Siemens AG.S7-300可编程序控制器产品目录.2003.
[7]LCU改造技术协议.葛洲坝水利发电厂.
[8]电力部电力自动化研究院自动控制所.水电厂计算机监控系统-配置参考,南京:电力部电力自动化研究院自动控制所.2004,9
[9]Siemens AG.S7-400可编程序控制器产品目录.2003.
[10]SiemensAG.STEP 7 V5.0使用入门.1998.
[11]Siemens AG.STEP 7 V5.1编程使用手册.1998.
[12]马红旗.触摸屏在PLC中的应用[J].机电一体化.2003.
[13]方辉钦,施冲,朱辰,庞敏等著水电厂无人值班与监控系统改造.全国水电厂自动化技术信息网,2002.12专集
[14]江秀汉.可编程控制器原理及应用[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社.1998.
[15]王定一主编.水电站控制技术[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社.1996.
[16]阳宪惠.现场总线技术及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社.1999.
[17]冯启文,徐沽.水电厂计算机监控LCU结构模式的探讨[J].水电自动化与大坝监测,2007(5):24-26.
[18]王善永,施冲,钟敦美,等.基于现场总线技术的现地控制单元体系结构[J].水电厂自动化,2002(2):79282.
[19]殷召生,郑振熙,郑炜,等.Quantum PLC在占田溪水电厂现地控制单元改造中的应用[J].水电自动化与大坝监测,2007,31(2):59260.
[19]高海,李坤,舒丹阳,等.基于以太网的PLC通信与监控系统的实现[J].机电一体化,2005,11(1):66268.
[20]李建辉,梁力,黄慧华.水电厂计算机监控系统新型LCU装置的研制[J].水利水电技术,1996.5:16-18.
[21]孙昌爱,金茂忠,刘超.软件体系结构研究综述[J].软件学报.2002.13(7):1228-1238.
[22]张润时,褚爱民.二滩水电站计算机监控系统[J].水力发电,2000.5:46-47.
[23]宋远超,高光华.高坝洲水电站计算机监控系统设计[J].人民长江,1999.8:39-41.
[24]邵显成,权先璋,范卫红等.水电站网络监控系统中线程通信技术[J].水电能源科学,1998.3:51-54
[25]王庆十,汪淑伟,苏孝颜.水电厂微机监控与程序控制[J].黑龙江水利科技,1997.1:17-20
[26]张志强.水口水电厂监控系统现地控制单元可靠性及特点分析[J].福建电力与电工.2003.6:48-49
[27]殷国富,俞仕庭,申新卫.水电站微机分布式监控系统的研制[J].测控技术,1997.6:37-40
[28]FIELDBUS与NOVELL网互联技术的研究[J].微计算机信息,1998.3:7-16
[29]于海生.微型计算机控制技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[30]顾颖萌,崔建华,付桂芹等.PLC在水电机组自动化控制系统中的应用研究[J].测控技术,2002,21(6):29-31
[31]王伟.可编程控制器的使用和维护[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2005.
[32]郑萍,潘世永,李英.基于Ethernet的全开放工业控制网络[J].工业仪表与自动化.
[33]曾华林.DCS、PLC与现场总线系统在电厂的应用发展[J].湖南电力,1999.2:59-61.
[34]龙翔,张哲,于子重.一种新型水电站监控现地单元[J].继电器,2001.6:41-42.
[35]Siemens.SIMATIC S 7-200programmablecontroller[R].Beijing:Siemens,1999.186-190
[36]Siemens.SIMATICWinCCUserManual[R].Beijing:Siemens,2003
[37]McAlister,James.Monitor Trends in Generation Cost to Gauge Performance[J].Electrical World,Sep 1991,Vol.205,Iss.9:126-128
[38]Brian Hitchcock.Sybase Database Administrator's Handbook.Prentice Hall PTRg.1995 5-20
[39]Edwin Margulies.Client Server Computer Telephony.CMP Books.1998 8-17
[40]William Stallings.Network Security essentials:Applications and Standards.Prentice Hall/Pearson,2002
[41]R.H.Tawa Hydrogenerating Station Integrated Computer Control design features and Operating Experience[J].IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics and Control Instrument,1999,26:3-17
[42]Alan Alper Distributed Control Systems Progression MA Editorial Staff Posted on 2003
[43]Fand Huiqin.lntegrating the gezhouba experience into the Three Gorges Part Ⅱ[C].The second china electric Power industry forum'96,1996
[44]Soeresen E.etc.Recent Developments in Hydro Plant Control System[J].The International Journal on Hydropower and Dams,2001.1:19-27
[45]William W Terry.Hydro automation program improves efficiency and reduces operating expense at TVA[J].Power Engineering,Mar 2002,Vol.106,Iss.3:54-58
[46]Schanski.Application Experiences with Fieldbus Instruments.ISATRANSACTION(U.S),1996
[47]New power plant put into operation in Russia's Penza Region[J].BBC Monitoring Former Soviet Union,Dec 26,2003:1.
[48]Networking Principles with B&R.B&R,1999.
[49]Siemens AG.CP 341 Point-to-Point Communication Installation and Parameter Assignment Manual.2000.
[50]Siemens AG.AS-interface-Introduction and Basic Information Manual.
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