重庆市锰矿产业发展研究
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摘要
矿产资源是经济社会发展的重要物质基础。即使像美国、日本等发达国家,其发展对矿产资源的需求和消费也是大量的,只不过是获取方式变化和渠道不同而已。如何把矿业布局好发展好,不断提高矿产资源保障能力,是当今全球共同关注的重大问题之一。随着经济发展、社会进步,人们追求发展的理念、思路、方式正在发生深刻变化,使人类的生产消费以更小的资源环境为代价。矿业作为国民经济重要的基础产业,正在适应这种转变,探索新的发展道路。比如,发展循环经济、产业集群。
锰矿是重要的矿产资源之一,其消费的90%用于钢铁生产,平均每吨钢消耗锰铁合金大约10公斤。有研究预测,2010年到2035年,全球累计钢铁消费量将达到493亿吨,年均消费量近20亿吨。我国粗钢产量1996年突破1亿吨,2010年达到7亿吨,预计未来产量还将继续增长。国内外发展对钢铁的需求,将带动锰矿产业发展。
截至2010年底,重庆市锰矿保有储量达5480万吨,居全国第6位,集中分布在城口县、秀山县。城口县高燕锰矿是我国五大锰矿之一。秀山县电解锰产能、产量已占全国电解锰总产能、总产量的1/7-1/6,而我国电解锰产能、产量均已占全球电解锰总产能、总产量的95%以上。这两县锰矿产业产值已连续几年占当地工业总产值的70%以上。重庆市锰矿产业健康发展,不仅对地方经济发展而且对国内外锰矿产品供应都有一定影响。但是,重庆市现有企业规模偏小,产业发展层次低,产品多是初级产品,深加工能力明显欠缺,难以有效利用资源保护环境,严重制约其可持续发展。
本文运用SWOT方法对重庆市锰矿产业发展的内外环境进行分析认为,优势与劣势并存,优势大于劣势；机会与威胁并在,机会总是大于威胁。借助层次分析法建立指标体系,运用模糊数学评价认为,重庆市锰矿产业可持续发展综合能力属全国同行业优良,在满分为10分的情况下,秀山县得分7.5179分,城口县得分7.2556分。据此提出了推进循环经济、发展产业集群、实现其可持续发展的基本思路和政策措施。
本文主要创新在：对重庆市锰矿产业可持续发展问题系统研究,提出发展模式选择,为重庆市矿业乃至总体发展战略制定提供有益参考借鉴。构建评价指标体系,借助模糊数学和计算机,对重庆市锰矿产业可持续发展能力定性定量研究,使结论更有可靠性。理论联系实际,运用波特“钻石模型”研究了重庆市锰矿产业发展产业集群的基础条件,运用波特价值链理论构建了重庆市锰矿产业集群发展的基本构架。
Mineral resources is an important material foundation for the Economic and social development. Even as the United States, Japan and other developed countries, their demand and consumption on mineral resources is also considerable. They just have different way to get these resources and different channels. How to make up a better layout of mining, continuously improve the supply ability of mineral resources, is one of the world's major issues of common concern. With the development of economy and social progress, the concept, ideas and path for the quest of development are undergoing profound changes, which make smaller cost of resources and environment for the production and consumption of human activity. Mining, as an important foundation for national industries, is adapting to this change, and explores new development way. For example, the development of circular economy, industrial clusters and so on.
Manganese is one of the most important mineral resources.90% consumption of manganese is for iron and steel production. Manganese ferroalloy per ton of steel consumption is about 10 kg. Studies have predicted that from 2010 to 2035, total global steel consumption will reach 49.3 billion tons, with an annual consumption of nearly 20 million tons. Chinese crude steel output in 1996 exceeded 100 million tons, and reached 7 million tons in 2010, which has been expected a persistent growing for future production. The strong demand for steel at home and abroad will drive the development of manganese industry.
Until the end of 2010, Chongqing maintains 54.8 million tons of manganese, ranking No.6 in China. Manganese here concentrates in the Chengkou and Xiushan. Gaoyan manganese in Chengkou is one of top 5 manganese in China. The production capacity and quantity of Xiushan electrolytic manganese account for 1/7-1/6 of Chinese total output. And Chinese production capacity of electrolytic manganese takes more than 95% of total output of the world. The output of manganese industry in Chengkou and Xiushan accounted for 70% of their total industrial output value for several years. The healthy development of Chongqing manganese industry, not only benefits the local economic development, but also has effect to the supply of domestic and foreign manganese products. However, the small-scale of existing enterprises in Chongqing, the low level of industrial development, more primary products, the lack of processing capacity, low efficiency in using resources to protect the environment and so on, all these factors severely constraints the sustainable development of Chongqing manganese industry.
This paper through the use of SWOT model to analysis internal and external environmental conditions of the manganese industry in Chongqing hold that the strengths and weaknesses are coexistence,but advantages outweigh the disadvantages:opportunities and threats are coexist,and the opportunities are always greater than the threat. According to setting up a Index system by AHP and the evaluation of fuzzy mathematics hold that comprehensive capacity for sustainable development of the manganese industry in Chongqing is excellent in the national same industry, in the case of 10 points, Xiushan County achieved 7.5179 points and Chengkou County's score is 7.2556. Accordingly proposed the basic ideas of achieving sustainable development and policy suggestions in promoting circular economy and developing industrial clusters of manganese industry.
Innovation of this paper:finishes system analysis on the sustainable development of manganese industry in Chongqing, sets up options of development model, which provides a useful reference for the mining development, even for the overall development strategy of Chongqing. Construction of evaluative index system, using fuzzy mathematics and computer industries to make qualitative and quantitative research on sustainability development of manganese industry in Chongqing, makes the conclusions more reliable. The paper also uses Porter "Diamond Model" to study the basic conditions of the development of manganese cluster in Chongqing. In addition, this paper uses Porter Value Chain Theory to construct the basic framework of the development of industrial clusters of manganese industry in Chongqing.
锰矿是重要的矿产资源之一,其消费的90%用于钢铁生产,平均每吨钢消耗锰铁合金大约10公斤。有研究预测,2010年到2035年,全球累计钢铁消费量将达到493亿吨,年均消费量近20亿吨。我国粗钢产量1996年突破1亿吨,2010年达到7亿吨,预计未来产量还将继续增长。国内外发展对钢铁的需求,将带动锰矿产业发展。
截至2010年底,重庆市锰矿保有储量达5480万吨,居全国第6位,集中分布在城口县、秀山县。城口县高燕锰矿是我国五大锰矿之一。秀山县电解锰产能、产量已占全国电解锰总产能、总产量的1/7-1/6,而我国电解锰产能、产量均已占全球电解锰总产能、总产量的95%以上。这两县锰矿产业产值已连续几年占当地工业总产值的70%以上。重庆市锰矿产业健康发展,不仅对地方经济发展而且对国内外锰矿产品供应都有一定影响。但是,重庆市现有企业规模偏小,产业发展层次低,产品多是初级产品,深加工能力明显欠缺,难以有效利用资源保护环境,严重制约其可持续发展。
本文运用SWOT方法对重庆市锰矿产业发展的内外环境进行分析认为,优势与劣势并存,优势大于劣势；机会与威胁并在,机会总是大于威胁。借助层次分析法建立指标体系,运用模糊数学评价认为,重庆市锰矿产业可持续发展综合能力属全国同行业优良,在满分为10分的情况下,秀山县得分7.5179分,城口县得分7.2556分。据此提出了推进循环经济、发展产业集群、实现其可持续发展的基本思路和政策措施。
本文主要创新在：对重庆市锰矿产业可持续发展问题系统研究,提出发展模式选择,为重庆市矿业乃至总体发展战略制定提供有益参考借鉴。构建评价指标体系,借助模糊数学和计算机,对重庆市锰矿产业可持续发展能力定性定量研究,使结论更有可靠性。理论联系实际,运用波特“钻石模型”研究了重庆市锰矿产业发展产业集群的基础条件,运用波特价值链理论构建了重庆市锰矿产业集群发展的基本构架。
Mineral resources is an important material foundation for the Economic and social development. Even as the United States, Japan and other developed countries, their demand and consumption on mineral resources is also considerable. They just have different way to get these resources and different channels. How to make up a better layout of mining, continuously improve the supply ability of mineral resources, is one of the world's major issues of common concern. With the development of economy and social progress, the concept, ideas and path for the quest of development are undergoing profound changes, which make smaller cost of resources and environment for the production and consumption of human activity. Mining, as an important foundation for national industries, is adapting to this change, and explores new development way. For example, the development of circular economy, industrial clusters and so on.
Manganese is one of the most important mineral resources.90% consumption of manganese is for iron and steel production. Manganese ferroalloy per ton of steel consumption is about 10 kg. Studies have predicted that from 2010 to 2035, total global steel consumption will reach 49.3 billion tons, with an annual consumption of nearly 20 million tons. Chinese crude steel output in 1996 exceeded 100 million tons, and reached 7 million tons in 2010, which has been expected a persistent growing for future production. The strong demand for steel at home and abroad will drive the development of manganese industry.
Until the end of 2010, Chongqing maintains 54.8 million tons of manganese, ranking No.6 in China. Manganese here concentrates in the Chengkou and Xiushan. Gaoyan manganese in Chengkou is one of top 5 manganese in China. The production capacity and quantity of Xiushan electrolytic manganese account for 1/7-1/6 of Chinese total output. And Chinese production capacity of electrolytic manganese takes more than 95% of total output of the world. The output of manganese industry in Chengkou and Xiushan accounted for 70% of their total industrial output value for several years. The healthy development of Chongqing manganese industry, not only benefits the local economic development, but also has effect to the supply of domestic and foreign manganese products. However, the small-scale of existing enterprises in Chongqing, the low level of industrial development, more primary products, the lack of processing capacity, low efficiency in using resources to protect the environment and so on, all these factors severely constraints the sustainable development of Chongqing manganese industry.
This paper through the use of SWOT model to analysis internal and external environmental conditions of the manganese industry in Chongqing hold that the strengths and weaknesses are coexistence,but advantages outweigh the disadvantages:opportunities and threats are coexist,and the opportunities are always greater than the threat. According to setting up a Index system by AHP and the evaluation of fuzzy mathematics hold that comprehensive capacity for sustainable development of the manganese industry in Chongqing is excellent in the national same industry, in the case of 10 points, Xiushan County achieved 7.5179 points and Chengkou County's score is 7.2556. Accordingly proposed the basic ideas of achieving sustainable development and policy suggestions in promoting circular economy and developing industrial clusters of manganese industry.
Innovation of this paper:finishes system analysis on the sustainable development of manganese industry in Chongqing, sets up options of development model, which provides a useful reference for the mining development, even for the overall development strategy of Chongqing. Construction of evaluative index system, using fuzzy mathematics and computer industries to make qualitative and quantitative research on sustainability development of manganese industry in Chongqing, makes the conclusions more reliable. The paper also uses Porter "Diamond Model" to study the basic conditions of the development of manganese cluster in Chongqing. In addition, this paper uses Porter Value Chain Theory to construct the basic framework of the development of industrial clusters of manganese industry in Chongqing.
引文
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