基于碳排放评估的低碳制造工艺规划决策模型及应用研究
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摘要
我国机械制造业具有量大面广的特点，资源消耗和碳排放总量巨大，实施低碳制造的迫切性不容忽视，机械制造过程作为产品全生命周期内消耗资源、产生碳排放的重要环节，对于实施低碳制造具有重要意义。工艺规划作为连接设计与制造间的桥梁，对其规划过程进行低碳优化是实现零件制造过程低碳化行之有效的方法。本论文在国家自然科学基金项目(编号：51075415)、重庆市自然科学基金计划项目(编号：CSTC2010BB0055)、贵州省社会发展攻关项目(编号：黔科合SY字(2013)3098号)的资助下，通过对制造工艺及工艺链碳排放评估方法研究，对低碳机械制造工艺规划决策方法理论进行系统研究。
首先，综合现有工艺规划流程及低碳制造内涵，提出面向低碳制造的机械工艺规划实施策略，并建立低碳制造工艺规划体系结构，明确机械制造过程碳排放构成，提出低碳制造的工艺规划决策方法选择理论。
其次，基于机械制造过程的碳排放特性，明确制造过程中各类碳排放的评估边界，提出机械制造过程碳排放工艺特性函数的概念。结合机械制造工艺过程输入输出特性，建立典型工艺碳排放广义特性函数集，为多元、复杂、动态的机械制造工艺及设备碳排放输入输出控制特性提供函数化描述和量化估算方法。
结合机械制造过程碳排放广义特性函数，提出面向低碳制造的机械制造工艺方案选择及其参数优化模型，通过构建低能耗、低成本、高生产率的低碳制造切削参数优化目标决策函数，利用遗传算法进行最优解搜索以获得低碳切削参数，并结合目标函数实现低碳加工方法的选择。
基于以上讨论，提出面向低碳制造的机械制造工序顺序优化决策模型，以成本指数及工艺碳排放构成多目标决策函数，以制造过程碳排放广义特性函数作为评估工具，对工艺计划进行碳排放估算，采用遗传算法实现全局最优搜索，最终获得相对最优的低碳工艺路线。
最后，介绍了一种面向低碳制造的计算机辅助工艺规划系统，该系统可以辅助规划设计人员完成低碳工艺路线的设计，并可实现对工艺文件的管理、工序碳排放估算等功能。通过该系统可实现低碳制造数据、流程和评估结果与计算机工艺规划系统信息共享与集成，是企业实施低碳制造信息化的有效工具。
The mechanical manufacturing is the main energy consumption business andcarbon emission resource in China. And it has great significance to implement lowcarbon manufacturing. Process planning is the intermediate link of design work andmanufacturing in the mechanical manufacturing system. Therefore the process planningfor low carbon manufacturing is an effective method to reduce the carbon emission ofmechanical manufacturing.This paper was supported by the National ScienceFoundation of China project (NO.51075415), Natural Science Foundation ofChongqing project (NO. CSTC:2010BB0055), Society&Development Research ofGuizhou province project (NO:(2013)3098)，and focus on the study of the concepts forlow carbon manufacturing in machinery manufacturing process planning and the keytechnologies.
Firstly the implementation strategies and the system structure of low carbonmanufacturing process planning are discussed. The carbon emission categories ofmanufacturing process and the aim of low carbon process planning are presented byintegrating of the existing process planning process with low carbon manufacturingconnotation,
The definition of the carbon emission function for manufacturing process ispresented by defining the carbon emission evaluation boundary of different carbonemission categories based on the carbon emission characteristics of manufacturingprocess. The carbon emission evaluation functions of classic mechanical processes arebuilt by combining the input-output properties of mechanical processes to evaluate andcalculate the carbon emission quantity for the mechanical processes and machineries.
Thirdly based on the carbon emission evaluation function, the model ofmanufacturing process selection and its cutting parameters optimization is built byestablishing the optimization decision function of cutting parameters for low-cost,low-power and high-productivity. The genetic algorithm is utilized to search the optimalcutting parameters for low carbon manufacturing. And then the low carbon processesare selected.
Based on the above discussions, the paper puts forward the sequence optimizationdecision-making model for machinery manufacturing process in low carbonmanufacturing. The multi-objective decision function is built by combining cost index and carbon emissions of manufacturing process. The carbon emission evaluationfunction is utilized as an evaluation tool, and the genetic algorithms is utilized to searchthe optimal process route for low carbon manufacturing.
Finally this paper introduces a kind of computer aided process planning system forlow carbon manufacturing. The system can help designer to design the low carbonprocess plan, and realize the management of the process documents, and evaluate thecarbon emission of process. The data and information of low carbon manufacturing areshared and integrated in this system. It is an effective tool to implement theinformatization for low carbon manufacturing.
首先，综合现有工艺规划流程及低碳制造内涵，提出面向低碳制造的机械工艺规划实施策略，并建立低碳制造工艺规划体系结构，明确机械制造过程碳排放构成，提出低碳制造的工艺规划决策方法选择理论。
其次，基于机械制造过程的碳排放特性，明确制造过程中各类碳排放的评估边界，提出机械制造过程碳排放工艺特性函数的概念。结合机械制造工艺过程输入输出特性，建立典型工艺碳排放广义特性函数集，为多元、复杂、动态的机械制造工艺及设备碳排放输入输出控制特性提供函数化描述和量化估算方法。
结合机械制造过程碳排放广义特性函数，提出面向低碳制造的机械制造工艺方案选择及其参数优化模型，通过构建低能耗、低成本、高生产率的低碳制造切削参数优化目标决策函数，利用遗传算法进行最优解搜索以获得低碳切削参数，并结合目标函数实现低碳加工方法的选择。
基于以上讨论，提出面向低碳制造的机械制造工序顺序优化决策模型，以成本指数及工艺碳排放构成多目标决策函数，以制造过程碳排放广义特性函数作为评估工具，对工艺计划进行碳排放估算，采用遗传算法实现全局最优搜索，最终获得相对最优的低碳工艺路线。
最后，介绍了一种面向低碳制造的计算机辅助工艺规划系统，该系统可以辅助规划设计人员完成低碳工艺路线的设计，并可实现对工艺文件的管理、工序碳排放估算等功能。通过该系统可实现低碳制造数据、流程和评估结果与计算机工艺规划系统信息共享与集成，是企业实施低碳制造信息化的有效工具。
The mechanical manufacturing is the main energy consumption business andcarbon emission resource in China. And it has great significance to implement lowcarbon manufacturing. Process planning is the intermediate link of design work andmanufacturing in the mechanical manufacturing system. Therefore the process planningfor low carbon manufacturing is an effective method to reduce the carbon emission ofmechanical manufacturing.This paper was supported by the National ScienceFoundation of China project (NO.51075415), Natural Science Foundation ofChongqing project (NO. CSTC:2010BB0055), Society&Development Research ofGuizhou province project (NO:(2013)3098)，and focus on the study of the concepts forlow carbon manufacturing in machinery manufacturing process planning and the keytechnologies.
Firstly the implementation strategies and the system structure of low carbonmanufacturing process planning are discussed. The carbon emission categories ofmanufacturing process and the aim of low carbon process planning are presented byintegrating of the existing process planning process with low carbon manufacturingconnotation,
The definition of the carbon emission function for manufacturing process ispresented by defining the carbon emission evaluation boundary of different carbonemission categories based on the carbon emission characteristics of manufacturingprocess. The carbon emission evaluation functions of classic mechanical processes arebuilt by combining the input-output properties of mechanical processes to evaluate andcalculate the carbon emission quantity for the mechanical processes and machineries.
Thirdly based on the carbon emission evaluation function, the model ofmanufacturing process selection and its cutting parameters optimization is built byestablishing the optimization decision function of cutting parameters for low-cost,low-power and high-productivity. The genetic algorithm is utilized to search the optimalcutting parameters for low carbon manufacturing. And then the low carbon processesare selected.
Based on the above discussions, the paper puts forward the sequence optimizationdecision-making model for machinery manufacturing process in low carbonmanufacturing. The multi-objective decision function is built by combining cost index and carbon emissions of manufacturing process. The carbon emission evaluationfunction is utilized as an evaluation tool, and the genetic algorithms is utilized to searchthe optimal process route for low carbon manufacturing.
Finally this paper introduces a kind of computer aided process planning system forlow carbon manufacturing. The system can help designer to design the low carbonprocess plan, and realize the management of the process documents, and evaluate thecarbon emission of process. The data and information of low carbon manufacturing areshared and integrated in this system. It is an effective tool to implement theinformatization for low carbon manufacturing.
引文
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