毛白杨嵌合体的初步研究
摘要
自河北省宁晋县获得一个特殊的毛白杨株系,确定为嵌合体。该嵌合体苗木的主要性状与毛白杨相似,但叶片略小,叶尖较尖;皮色为灰绿色,表皮可纵向分为两部分,一部分平滑,类似毛白杨,另一部分有纵棱,与某些杂杨如小叶杨类似;皮孔分布均匀,菱形,与小叶杨相似。该嵌合体与毛白杨最大的区别是枝条扦插成活率远远高于毛白杨(38.2%),达96.4%。扦插成苗后发生分离,其中88%为毛白杨,2.6%为杂杨,9.4%仍为嵌合体。本文对嵌合体进行了过氧化物酶同工酶分析,并研究了插条生根行为和扦插生根过程中一些生理生化的变化。主要结果如下:
1.过氧化物酶同工酶分析表明,嵌合体无论有棱部分还是平滑部分及由此萌生的毛白杨的叶片和皮层酶谱更接近于毛白杨;而由嵌合体分离出的杂杨酶谱与小叶杨类似。说明该嵌合体极有可能是毛白杨与小叶杨在某一环节(如嫁接)发生嵌合所致。
2.普通毛白杨、毛白杨嵌合体以及由嵌合体萌生分离的毛白杨、小叶杨的插条生根行为的观测结果表明,嵌合体与分离小叶杨一样容易生根,萌根时间均在插后两周左右,发根部位集中在插条中部和切口处,中部根多数自皮孔生出,切口处则是先形成愈伤组织,然后自愈伤组织分化出根;而普通毛白杨和分离毛白杨相似,不容易生根,只是在切口处形成大量愈伤组织,但不能分化生根。
3.对其扦插生根过程的动态跟踪分析表明,嵌合体过氧化物酶活性在扦插初期呈上升趋势,第9d升至高峰,之后下降,第18d降至低谷,第21d又出现一高峰,而毛白杨无此规律,且在前9d,第15d～21d与嵌合体恰好相反;吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性变化规律在前期与过氧化物酶相似,也是先升后降,而毛白杨恰好相反;超氧化物歧化酶活性开始呈下降趋势,在第6d～9d出现一个低谷,之后有所升高但没有太大变化,而毛白杨开始呈上升趋势,第9d形成高峰,之后有所下降,但规律不明显;可溶性蛋白质含量,嵌合体总体比毛白杨高,且两者在后期(第15d～27d)变化相反;嵌合体扦插初期酚含量较低,在前期呈上升态势,而后稍有下降,至第12d为一低谷,之后上升,至第11d又升至高峰,再下降,而毛白杨扦插初期酚含量较高,而后迅速下降,至第6d为一低谷,此后与嵌合体变化基本一致,但第12d之后大幅度升高;嵌合体的黄酮含量开始呈下降趋势,第6d降至低谷,而此时毛白杨已迅速升到第一个高峰,第9d嵌合体回升,毛白杨则降至最低点,第12d两种试材均升至高峰,之后变异不大。
试验证明,嵌合体易生根与其过氧化物酶、吲哚乙酸氧化酶及超氧化物歧化酶的活性和可溶性蛋白、酚类、黄酮类物质的含量密切相关,是其协同作用的综合结果,而毛白杨不易生根也恰是不能满足这些要求。
A clone in Populus tomentosa Carr. from Ningjin was concluded to be a chimera, which is similar to Chinese white poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr.) such as leaves. But the differences between the chimera and Chinese white poplar was obvious: There were vertical arrises on the parts of its grey-green epidermis as simon poplar (Populus simonii Carr.) and the other parts were smooth as Chinese white poplar. Moreover, the survival ratio of shoot cottage (96.4%) was higher than the Chinese white poplar (38.2%). The seedlings arised from shoot crttage consisted of three types: Chinese white poplar similitudes (88%), simon poplar (2.6%) and chimera (9.4%).
1.The peroxidase isozyme zymograph showed that the chimera was similar to Chinese white poplar while not to simon poplar, but the isozyme zymograph of simon poplar seedling arised from chimera was like simon poplar. This indicated the chimera was related to Chinese white poplar and simon poplar.
2.The relationships between the rooting of the cutting of the chimera and the normal of Chinese white poplar (populus tomentosa Carr.) and the activities of peroxidase, indoleacetate oxidase, the superoxide dismutase and the content of dissoluble protein ware analyzed.
3.In the stages of cutting rooting of the chimera of P. tomentosa, the activity of peroxidase increased after cutting and got to the first peak at the 9th day, and followed to decrease and got to minimum at the 18th day, the second peak appeared at the 21st day. The change curve found in normal P. tomentosa was reverse to the chimera at first 9 days and from the 15th to 21st days. The indoleacetate oxidase activity was similar to peroxidase. The activity of superoxide dismutase decreased after cutting and got to the minimum at the 9th day in the stages of cutting rooting of the chimera of P. tomentosa, then increased. The activity of superoxide dismutase of P. tomentosa increased at the beginning of cutting and got to the peak at the 9th day, then decreased. The activity of dissoluble protein between the chimera of P. tomentosa and normal P. tomentosa was contrary from the 15th day to the 27th day, and the chimera of P. tomentosa was higher than the normal in all.
As a conclusion, the chimera rooting phase was related to the activities of peroxidase and indoleacetate oxidase as well as superoxide dismutase and dissoluble protein. Normal Chinese white poplar did not easily root because it could not satisfy the relative conditions.
1.过氧化物酶同工酶分析表明,嵌合体无论有棱部分还是平滑部分及由此萌生的毛白杨的叶片和皮层酶谱更接近于毛白杨;而由嵌合体分离出的杂杨酶谱与小叶杨类似。说明该嵌合体极有可能是毛白杨与小叶杨在某一环节(如嫁接)发生嵌合所致。
2.普通毛白杨、毛白杨嵌合体以及由嵌合体萌生分离的毛白杨、小叶杨的插条生根行为的观测结果表明,嵌合体与分离小叶杨一样容易生根,萌根时间均在插后两周左右,发根部位集中在插条中部和切口处,中部根多数自皮孔生出,切口处则是先形成愈伤组织,然后自愈伤组织分化出根;而普通毛白杨和分离毛白杨相似,不容易生根,只是在切口处形成大量愈伤组织,但不能分化生根。
3.对其扦插生根过程的动态跟踪分析表明,嵌合体过氧化物酶活性在扦插初期呈上升趋势,第9d升至高峰,之后下降,第18d降至低谷,第21d又出现一高峰,而毛白杨无此规律,且在前9d,第15d～21d与嵌合体恰好相反;吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性变化规律在前期与过氧化物酶相似,也是先升后降,而毛白杨恰好相反;超氧化物歧化酶活性开始呈下降趋势,在第6d～9d出现一个低谷,之后有所升高但没有太大变化,而毛白杨开始呈上升趋势,第9d形成高峰,之后有所下降,但规律不明显;可溶性蛋白质含量,嵌合体总体比毛白杨高,且两者在后期(第15d～27d)变化相反;嵌合体扦插初期酚含量较低,在前期呈上升态势,而后稍有下降,至第12d为一低谷,之后上升,至第11d又升至高峰,再下降,而毛白杨扦插初期酚含量较高,而后迅速下降,至第6d为一低谷,此后与嵌合体变化基本一致,但第12d之后大幅度升高;嵌合体的黄酮含量开始呈下降趋势,第6d降至低谷,而此时毛白杨已迅速升到第一个高峰,第9d嵌合体回升,毛白杨则降至最低点,第12d两种试材均升至高峰,之后变异不大。
试验证明,嵌合体易生根与其过氧化物酶、吲哚乙酸氧化酶及超氧化物歧化酶的活性和可溶性蛋白、酚类、黄酮类物质的含量密切相关,是其协同作用的综合结果,而毛白杨不易生根也恰是不能满足这些要求。
A clone in Populus tomentosa Carr. from Ningjin was concluded to be a chimera, which is similar to Chinese white poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr.) such as leaves. But the differences between the chimera and Chinese white poplar was obvious: There were vertical arrises on the parts of its grey-green epidermis as simon poplar (Populus simonii Carr.) and the other parts were smooth as Chinese white poplar. Moreover, the survival ratio of shoot cottage (96.4%) was higher than the Chinese white poplar (38.2%). The seedlings arised from shoot crttage consisted of three types: Chinese white poplar similitudes (88%), simon poplar (2.6%) and chimera (9.4%).
1.The peroxidase isozyme zymograph showed that the chimera was similar to Chinese white poplar while not to simon poplar, but the isozyme zymograph of simon poplar seedling arised from chimera was like simon poplar. This indicated the chimera was related to Chinese white poplar and simon poplar.
2.The relationships between the rooting of the cutting of the chimera and the normal of Chinese white poplar (populus tomentosa Carr.) and the activities of peroxidase, indoleacetate oxidase, the superoxide dismutase and the content of dissoluble protein ware analyzed.
3.In the stages of cutting rooting of the chimera of P. tomentosa, the activity of peroxidase increased after cutting and got to the first peak at the 9th day, and followed to decrease and got to minimum at the 18th day, the second peak appeared at the 21st day. The change curve found in normal P. tomentosa was reverse to the chimera at first 9 days and from the 15th to 21st days. The indoleacetate oxidase activity was similar to peroxidase. The activity of superoxide dismutase decreased after cutting and got to the minimum at the 9th day in the stages of cutting rooting of the chimera of P. tomentosa, then increased. The activity of superoxide dismutase of P. tomentosa increased at the beginning of cutting and got to the peak at the 9th day, then decreased. The activity of dissoluble protein between the chimera of P. tomentosa and normal P. tomentosa was contrary from the 15th day to the 27th day, and the chimera of P. tomentosa was higher than the normal in all.
As a conclusion, the chimera rooting phase was related to the activities of peroxidase and indoleacetate oxidase as well as superoxide dismutase and dissoluble protein. Normal Chinese white poplar did not easily root because it could not satisfy the relative conditions.
引文
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