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南方山地型森林公园的自然—生态化营建与更新研究
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摘要
森林公园的营建与更新是伴随着大众生活质量的提高和旅游业的繁荣而出现的热门问题,由于森林公园的营建是针对自然环境而进行的,因而也是十分敏感的问题。本文将森林公园的营建和更新与景观生态学以及生态学理论紧密结合,试图探讨森林公园营建与更新的切实可行的途径。本论文首先对南方山地型森林公园营建与更新的有关概念做出界定,以南方山地型森林公园作为研究的对象。分析了当前国内外研究的成果并指出我国目前研究中存在的问题,在深入调查森林公园的基础上找出森林公园建设中存在的种种问题并指出森林公园营建的发展方向。从以生态学、景观生态学为指导的自然景观资源保护和生态环境保护的角度,较为全面地论述了森林公园自然生态化营建的程序和详细的营建方法,指出结合自然生态营建才是森林公园营建与更新的可持续发展途径。利用层次分析法确定了森林公园自然生态敏感性评价体系,在评价体系中,兼顾了景观生态学在水平过程与生态学在垂直过程研究的优势,使森林公园的资源调查有了可操作性强的总体评价方法,避免了单一景观评价的弊端。且该评价结果对后期的规划和设计均有较强的指导意义。较为全面地论述了规划的指导原则及方法,并详尽地论述了森林公园主要景观元素的自然生态化营建原则和方法,不同于常规的城市化建设手段,使自然景观和生态环境得以较大限度地保护和遭受较小的冲击。并在论文中对森林公园中大量存在但却无人问津的废弃地景观与生态恢复问题通过具体的项目进行了一定程度的探索。在论文中,通过具体的生态工程、技术和森林公园的结合,使营建中自然的资源和能源能够得到合理的利用并且实现自我循环。根据论文中论述的所有自然生态化原则、方法及技术,建立了森林公园人工营建部分的自然生态化程度的检验评价体系,采用了定性和定量相结合的方法,尽管并不是十分完善,但是为科学地评价进行了探索,避免了过于主观的评价方式,评价的结果对森林公园的更新具有指导意义。最后,通过多个森林公园的案例进行了理论到实践的转化。通过武功山国家森林公园与曲江森林公园的自然生态敏感性对比评价验证了评价体系的合理性。通过对韶关国家森林公园的人工营建的评价,验证了人工营建部分的自然生态性评价体系的合理性,并通过评价的结果对该公园进行了更新的规划和设计。在文末就我国森林公园的健康发展提出了意见和建议。
With the improvement of the quality of masses' life and the prosperity of tourist industry, the construction and renewal of Forest Parks became a hot question. Because of the construction of Forest Parks are carried on to the natural environment, it is very sensitive problem. This Thesis combines the construction and upgrading of Forest Parks closely with landscape ecology and ecology theory, attempt to probe into a feasible way to build or upgrade of Forest Parks. Firstly this thesis introduced the basal concepts about Forest Parks, and the range of the thesis. Secondly this thesis has analyzed the present investigative achievements both at home and abroad and pointed out the questions that exist while studying the building and upgrading of Forest Parks at present in our country. Based on the thorough investigation of many Forest Parks, we have found many kinds of questions existing in the construction of Forest Parks at present and pointed out the developing direction about the construction of Forest Parks at the same time. From the view of protection about natural landscape resources and ecological environments, this thesis expounds the idiographic processes and the detailed methods of the natural and ecology construction of Forest Parks comparatively, and pointed out that the construction of Forest Parks combining with the natural ecology is a sustainable approach. And thirdly through the Utilizing of the AHP this thesis has confirmed a naturally and ecological sensitiveness appraisal system of Forest Parks, among the appraising system, has gave consideration to landscape ecology in horizontal course and ecology in vertical course, has made the investigation of Forest Parks' resources has a appraisal method with strong effectiveness that could avoid the drawbacks the single view and appraised. The results have significant directives to the following planning and design of Forest Parks. Fourthly this thesis has expounded the Guidelines and methods of the planning, expounded the principles and methods of the natural ecology construction of Forest Parks' main landscape elements these are different from routine urbanization constructing means, made the natural landscape and ecological environment being protected and suffer less impact. This thesis has studied the landscape and ecological recovery of the abandoned area that is a land type that cause great destroy to ecological environment and lead to land resource wastes. In the recovering, combining with the theories, methods and principles of landscape-ecological recovery, it makes that the SHILI ecological garden has many kinds of functions. In the thesis, through the concrete ecological projects, combining with ecological technologies and the idiographic institutions of Forest Parks, we want to make the natural resources and energy could be utilized rationally and realizing the circulating of itself. According to the all natural ecology principles, methods and technologies that mentioned in the front, we have set up a natural and ecology appraisal system about the construction of the artificial part in Forest Parks, adopted a qualitative analysis combining with the quantitative analysis, although it is not very perfect, but the results will be very useful to the construction and upgrade of forest parks. Finally, the transformation from theory
    
    
    
    to practice has been carried through the studies of some cases. The natural, ecological sensitiveness appraisal system has been proved to be sound through contrastive appraise between the WUGONG mountain national Forest Park and the QUJIANG Forest Park. Through the appraisal of artificial construction in the Shaoguan national Forest Park, has proved that the natural ecology appraisal system of the artificial part is rational, and a new planning and design has been carried on to this park through the result that had been appraised. At the end of the thesis, many opinions and suggestions have been put forward in order to improve the sound development of Forest Parks in our country.
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    《城市规划》
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    《城市规划汇刊》
    《风景名胜》
    《绿色家园》
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