基于战争设计工程的战法设计与应用研究
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摘要
在信息化战争条件下,战法研究既是军事理论研究的核心问题,也是军事理论发展的重要动力。为了在战争中取得胜利,交战各方都尽其所能寻求克敌制胜的战法,从而带来了战法研究的复杂性和不确定性。
本文依据战争设计工程的相关理论,提出了战法设计的概念并将其视为一种应对战争复杂性和不确性的工程化方法。确立了背景、过程、效果的战法设计研究思路,强调战法设计过程中的群体智慧综合集成、分工合作、迭代演进,使所设计的战法得到不断创新与发展。具体而言,主要包括以下五个方面内容:
首先,研究了战法设计的有关理论。针对战法研究中面临的前瞻性、群体性、对抗性和有效性挑战,本文依据战争设计工程理论,分析了战法与战法设计的含义和特点。从工程化设计的角度规范了战法设计的流程,分析了战法设计循环迭代演化的内在逻辑机制。在此基础上,本文建立了战法设计框架,框架主要包括三个子过程:战法应用背景分析、对抗条件下的战法设计、基于效果的战法设计评价与集成,并以问题树形式概括了战法设计过程中作战问题的产生、发展和演变过程。
其次,研究了战法设计的首个环节,即战法应用背景分析。战法应用背景分析是依据战争设计工程提出的作战问题,以定性分析为主研究战法产生、应用的基本背景。主要研究内容包括:分析战法应用背景的含义和相关概念,分析战法应用背景的特点,提出战法应用背景分析的流程,提出战法设计专家团队组建方法,规范战法应用背景分析内容,提出战法应用背景建模方法。
第三,研究了基于对抗式研讨的战法设计方法。将战法设计团队中的军事专家和装备专家,按照对抗式研讨的要求分成对抗小组。在系统专家的组织下,以及模型专家和技术专家的支持下,由定性到定量、再由定量到定性循环迭代地进行战法分析与设计。在对抗研讨过程中充分体现了以人为主体的群体专家智慧的集成——依靠对抗的专家团队提出战法、分析效果、不断改进,并给出作战行动过程的建模方法。
第四,研究了基于效果的战法设计评价与集成方法。战法设计评价与集成是战法设计实现由定性到定量、再由定量到定性循环迭代研究战法的主要载体。本文研究了基于效果战法设计评价的相关概念,分析了战法设计评价中定性与定量分析相结合的研究框架,重点探讨了如何建立效果分析模型、选取关键指标参数及如何在战法效果分析中应用等问题。此外,本文还研究了战法设计集成中主要方法和内容。
第五,研究了空中联合编队对抗H型战机应用示例。结合战法设计的研究思路和方法,以未来信息化条件下夺取制空权为基本作战问题,以空空作战为解决问题的核心环节进行战法设计,探索了空中联合编队对抗H型战机夺取制空权的战法,具体展现了基于战争设计工程思想的战法设计研究方法的实现过程。
Under the conditions of information warfare, tactics design research has beenregardedas acoreissue,as well as animportant drivingforce,ofthemilitarytheorystudy.In order to defeat the other side during the wartime, both sides do their utmost to findtactics to defeat the enemy, which bring about the complexity and uncertainty of tacticsstudy.
The Paper depends on the theoretical basis of War Design Engineering, and putsforward the concept of tactics design as an engineering method to respond to thecomplexity and uncertainties of warfare. We establish the research ideas of tactics designas background, process and effect analysis, emphasizing the comprehensive integration ofcollective wisdom, division of labor and iterative evolution in its process, which enable usto make continuous innovation and development of tactics design. In particular, the papermainlyincludesthefollowingfiveaspects:
Firstly, the paper studies the theory of tactics design. Aiming at the challengingfeaturesofforward-looking,teamwork,antagonismandvalidityoftacticsdesignresearch,we analyze the meaning and characteristics of tactics and fighting methods based on theWar Design Engineering. In this paper, we regulate the process of tactics design from anengineering design point of view, as well as analyzing its internal logical mechanism ofiteration evolution. On this basis, we establish the framework of tactics design, whichincludes three sub-processes: tactics application background analysis, tactics design underconfrontation and effect-based design evaluation and integration. The paper makes use ofthe form of problem tree to summarize the generation, development and change processesoftheoperationalissuesduringthetacticsdesign.
Secondly, the paper studies the first part of tactics design—tactics applicationbackground analysis. This part depends on the operational issues put forward by WarDesign Engineering to analyze mainly qualitative the basic background of tacticsgeneration and application, which includes analyzing the meaning and related concept,proposing the process, analyzing the characteristics, proposing the formation of expertsteam, describing the content and structure, and proposing modeling methods of tacticsapplicationbackgroundanalysis.
Thirdly, the paper studies the adversarial deliberation- based tactics design methods.In accordance with the requirements of adversarial deliberation, the tactics design expertteam was broken into adversarial sub-teams with military experts and equipment experts.Undertheorganizationofsystemexperts,aswellasthesupportofmodelingandtechniqueexperts, the tactics design teams are to iteratively design tactics from qualitative toquantitative and vice versa. The confrontational deliberation processes fully reflect thehuman-centered collective wisdom integration. It depends on the adversarial expert teams to propose tactics, analyze effects, make continuously improvements and raise modelingmethods for the operations.
Fourthly, the paper studies the effect-based evaluation and integration of tacticsdesign. This part is the main carrier of the tactics design to achieve cyclic iteration oftactics design from qualitative to quantitative and vice versa. This paper studies the relatedconcepts of effect-based tactics design evaluation, analyzes the research framework ofcombining qualitative and quantitative analysis in tactics design, focusing on how to set upeffect-based analysis model and select key index parameters. We also study the mainmethods and contents in tactics design integration.
Finally, the paper studies the application example of the joint air fleet fighting againstsome H-type Fighter. Combining the research ideas and methods of tactics design, weseize control of air under the conditions of future information technology as the basicoperational issues, and regard air-to-air combat as the core of problem-solving to designtactics. We explore how to design the tactics of this application and give concreteexpression to the implementation process of the War Design Engineering-based tacticsdesign.
本文依据战争设计工程的相关理论,提出了战法设计的概念并将其视为一种应对战争复杂性和不确性的工程化方法。确立了背景、过程、效果的战法设计研究思路,强调战法设计过程中的群体智慧综合集成、分工合作、迭代演进,使所设计的战法得到不断创新与发展。具体而言,主要包括以下五个方面内容:
首先,研究了战法设计的有关理论。针对战法研究中面临的前瞻性、群体性、对抗性和有效性挑战,本文依据战争设计工程理论,分析了战法与战法设计的含义和特点。从工程化设计的角度规范了战法设计的流程,分析了战法设计循环迭代演化的内在逻辑机制。在此基础上,本文建立了战法设计框架,框架主要包括三个子过程:战法应用背景分析、对抗条件下的战法设计、基于效果的战法设计评价与集成,并以问题树形式概括了战法设计过程中作战问题的产生、发展和演变过程。
其次,研究了战法设计的首个环节,即战法应用背景分析。战法应用背景分析是依据战争设计工程提出的作战问题,以定性分析为主研究战法产生、应用的基本背景。主要研究内容包括:分析战法应用背景的含义和相关概念,分析战法应用背景的特点,提出战法应用背景分析的流程,提出战法设计专家团队组建方法,规范战法应用背景分析内容,提出战法应用背景建模方法。
第三,研究了基于对抗式研讨的战法设计方法。将战法设计团队中的军事专家和装备专家,按照对抗式研讨的要求分成对抗小组。在系统专家的组织下,以及模型专家和技术专家的支持下,由定性到定量、再由定量到定性循环迭代地进行战法分析与设计。在对抗研讨过程中充分体现了以人为主体的群体专家智慧的集成——依靠对抗的专家团队提出战法、分析效果、不断改进,并给出作战行动过程的建模方法。
第四,研究了基于效果的战法设计评价与集成方法。战法设计评价与集成是战法设计实现由定性到定量、再由定量到定性循环迭代研究战法的主要载体。本文研究了基于效果战法设计评价的相关概念,分析了战法设计评价中定性与定量分析相结合的研究框架,重点探讨了如何建立效果分析模型、选取关键指标参数及如何在战法效果分析中应用等问题。此外,本文还研究了战法设计集成中主要方法和内容。
第五,研究了空中联合编队对抗H型战机应用示例。结合战法设计的研究思路和方法,以未来信息化条件下夺取制空权为基本作战问题,以空空作战为解决问题的核心环节进行战法设计,探索了空中联合编队对抗H型战机夺取制空权的战法,具体展现了基于战争设计工程思想的战法设计研究方法的实现过程。
Under the conditions of information warfare, tactics design research has beenregardedas acoreissue,as well as animportant drivingforce,ofthemilitarytheorystudy.In order to defeat the other side during the wartime, both sides do their utmost to findtactics to defeat the enemy, which bring about the complexity and uncertainty of tacticsstudy.
The Paper depends on the theoretical basis of War Design Engineering, and putsforward the concept of tactics design as an engineering method to respond to thecomplexity and uncertainties of warfare. We establish the research ideas of tactics designas background, process and effect analysis, emphasizing the comprehensive integration ofcollective wisdom, division of labor and iterative evolution in its process, which enable usto make continuous innovation and development of tactics design. In particular, the papermainlyincludesthefollowingfiveaspects:
Firstly, the paper studies the theory of tactics design. Aiming at the challengingfeaturesofforward-looking,teamwork,antagonismandvalidityoftacticsdesignresearch,we analyze the meaning and characteristics of tactics and fighting methods based on theWar Design Engineering. In this paper, we regulate the process of tactics design from anengineering design point of view, as well as analyzing its internal logical mechanism ofiteration evolution. On this basis, we establish the framework of tactics design, whichincludes three sub-processes: tactics application background analysis, tactics design underconfrontation and effect-based design evaluation and integration. The paper makes use ofthe form of problem tree to summarize the generation, development and change processesoftheoperationalissuesduringthetacticsdesign.
Secondly, the paper studies the first part of tactics design—tactics applicationbackground analysis. This part depends on the operational issues put forward by WarDesign Engineering to analyze mainly qualitative the basic background of tacticsgeneration and application, which includes analyzing the meaning and related concept,proposing the process, analyzing the characteristics, proposing the formation of expertsteam, describing the content and structure, and proposing modeling methods of tacticsapplicationbackgroundanalysis.
Thirdly, the paper studies the adversarial deliberation- based tactics design methods.In accordance with the requirements of adversarial deliberation, the tactics design expertteam was broken into adversarial sub-teams with military experts and equipment experts.Undertheorganizationofsystemexperts,aswellasthesupportofmodelingandtechniqueexperts, the tactics design teams are to iteratively design tactics from qualitative toquantitative and vice versa. The confrontational deliberation processes fully reflect thehuman-centered collective wisdom integration. It depends on the adversarial expert teams to propose tactics, analyze effects, make continuously improvements and raise modelingmethods for the operations.
Fourthly, the paper studies the effect-based evaluation and integration of tacticsdesign. This part is the main carrier of the tactics design to achieve cyclic iteration oftactics design from qualitative to quantitative and vice versa. This paper studies the relatedconcepts of effect-based tactics design evaluation, analyzes the research framework ofcombining qualitative and quantitative analysis in tactics design, focusing on how to set upeffect-based analysis model and select key index parameters. We also study the mainmethods and contents in tactics design integration.
Finally, the paper studies the application example of the joint air fleet fighting againstsome H-type Fighter. Combining the research ideas and methods of tactics design, weseize control of air under the conditions of future information technology as the basicoperational issues, and regard air-to-air combat as the core of problem-solving to designtactics. We explore how to design the tactics of this application and give concreteexpression to the implementation process of the War Design Engineering-based tacticsdesign.
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