水信息系统综合集成研究与应用
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摘要
水信息系统综合集成是一个涉及水利工程、计算机科学和系统科学等交叉学科的前沿性研究,涉及业务领域较广、信息组织方式多种多样、体系结构种类繁多。水利系统是一个开放复杂巨系统,水信息系统是水利业务系统的高度抽象。本文结合国家863计划项目,在分析水利领域的信息应用特点、水信息系统集成复杂性问题的基础上,采用系统科学的思想方法,运用计算机和人工智能等先进的技术手段,建立水信息系统综合集成研讨厅,重点解决水信息系统通用性差、可扩展性差、功能单一、应用模式单一、系统独立、重复开发等问题。从构建复杂水利业务应用,到应用系统综合集成,论文取得的主要成果如下：
(1)从系统复杂性和传统水信息应用系统,探讨了系统综合集成应用新模式
在对水信息系统进行复杂性和传统水信息应用系统存在问题分析的基础上,从应用系统集成复杂性方面指出应用模式的重要性,建立综合集成应用模式是解决水信息系统综合集成的问题重要途径之一。新的应用模式是以集成平台与构件服务为核心,在综合集成研讨厅框架下,采用人机结合,人机相互启发,实现水信息系统的集成和个性化应用。
(2)提出了水信息系统综合集成研讨厅的总体框架
在系统科学理论的指导下,结合水利业务领域的实际需求,提出了水信息系统综合集成研讨厅的总体框架。总体框架包括：资源层、综合集成层和用户层。在综合集成层中,综合集成平台的功能框架和服务构件的描述模型是研究重点,对平台要求：通用化、实际化、友好化；对业务对象抽象要求：具体化、标准化、构件化；对应用开发要求：快速化、高效化、实用化。
(3)应用多种技术和工具,实现了综合集成平台原型
按照从定性到定量的综合集成思想,在水信息系统综合集成研讨厅总体框架要求下,具体设计并落实到了综合集成平台。平台是以水利系统为对象,采用构件、SOA、Web服务、服务组合以及知识图等关键技术来实现。采用平台可以解决水利领域数据集成、信息组织和知识管理等问题,在预警监视、信息服务和决策服务等方面有特点。特别是可以实现异构数据及信息源跨空间、跨时间的有效整合；不同应用(包括遗留应用)系统的集成；专家领导的决策会商等。
(4)以Web服务为标准,把水利业务抽象为构件,设计和开发了水利服务构件库
水利Web服务构件是对水利业务对象的抽取和分类,由水利构件描述模型描述业务标准,由Web服务标准确定构件软件的开发标准。按照标准就可以保证构件在综合集成平台上快速搭建水利业务应用,实现水利业务应用的个性化定制。
(5)在新的应用模式下,开展了基于综合集成平台和基于构件的应用搭建
在综合集成平台上搭建了以“降雨为主”的主题应用；以构件为核心的移动应用；结合三维可视化的洪水淹没原型系统等三个方面的应用尝试。应用实践证明,综合集成研讨厅是解决水信息系统集成复杂性的关键；平台和构件是灵活搭建水利应用的基础；丰富的可视化表现是先进技术综合应用的结果。
水利信息化是一个过程,本论文研究仅是开始；水信息系统综合集成面临的复杂性、社会性和普遍性将促使我们继续深入工作；水信息系统综合集成上所做的尝试和初步应用让我们看到了光明。尽管在框架、平台和构件方面,本论文已奠定了基础,有了扩展的思路和途径,但是,面向服务的应用还要进一步检验,需要大规模的应用。
Meta-Synthesis of water information system is a preceeding studing which interactives with many aspects such as hydraulic engineering, computer science and systematolory. It involves in many kinds of hydraulic business domains, and has many kinds of information organizing models. It has many architectures of system. Water conservancy is an open complex giant system. Water information system is a highly abstract system of water conservancy. Relied on national'863'project, this paper analysed the particular characters of water conservancy. By using Systematolory methods and AI, also built water information system Meta-synthesis Discussing Hall, it resolved many problems such as bad universality, poor extension, single function, less application mode, and dulplicate development which existed in water information system. In the preceeding of constructing complex hydrologic applications and using Meta-synthesis, the major works and achievements of the study are as follows:
(1) Based on complexity of system and problems of tranditional system, anew model called Meta-synthesis model of water information system is discussed.
Based on the anylysis of complexity of system and problems of tranditional system, this paper pointed out that the application model is important to resolve the problems of complex system integration, building meta-synthesis application model is an important way to resovle the problems of meta-synthesis of water information system. Integration platform and component is the core of new application model, under the architecture of Meta-synthesis Discussing Hall, the new model relalised the integeration of water information system and customic by using human-computer cooperation, human-computer inspiration.
(2) Proposed the general architecture of Meta-synthesis Discussing Hall of water information system.
Under the guidence of systematolory, combining with the practical requirements in water conservancy, this paper proposed the general architecture called Meta-synthesis Discussing Hall of water information system. The architecture includes three layers:resources layer, meta-synthesis layer and user layer. In meta-synthesis layer, there are two important studies: function framework of meta-synthesis platform and describtion model of service component. The platform needs to be realised universaly, practicaly, and costumly; the abstract of business object needs to be realised embodimently, standardly, and componently; the application development needs to be realised rapidly, high-effectivly, and practicaly.
(3) The prototype of meta-synthesis platform was realised by appling many kinds of tecnics and tools.
According to the think in meta-synthesis which is form qualitative to quantitative, and the requirments of meta-synthesis Discussing Hall of water information system, the meta-synthesis platform was specialy desined and implemented. The platform make water conservancy as object by using component, SOA, Web service, service composition and konwlege map as key tecnics. Appling platform resolves problems such as data-integration in hydraulic domain, information orgnization and knowledge management. It also reflects characters in warning mornitoring, information service and descison service. It particularly can effectly integerate heterogeneous datas, information sources which is trans-space and inter-time, different application system and decisions held by experts.
(4) Took web service as standard, abstracted hydraulic business as component, desined and developed hydraulic service component database.
Hydraulic web service component is the extraction and classfication to objects of hudraulic business, hydraulic component model describes business standards, web service standards make developing standards. The standards can ensure build apllication of hydrauli business rapidly in the meta-synthesis platform, and then it can realise the individual customization.
(5)Under the new apllication model, based on the meta-synthesis platform and component, application development was developed
Three applications was built, theme application of'rainfall as main route', mobile apllication of'component as main route'and prototype system of flood submergence which combines with 3D visualization. The apllication showed that, Meta-synthesis Discussing Hall is the key to resolve the meta-synthetic complexity of water information system; platform and component is the basement to flexibly build hydraulic apllication; rich visualization representation is the achievement of advanced technology.
Water conservancy informatization is a process. This paper's research is just a begining; The complexity, sociality, universality which water information system synthic integeration faces push us keep on the work; Though the attempt on the water information system synthic integeration enlighted us, and this paper built the basement in the framework, platform, component, there still be many practical test, on the application of service-oriented architecture, and it needs large-scale application.
(1)从系统复杂性和传统水信息应用系统,探讨了系统综合集成应用新模式
在对水信息系统进行复杂性和传统水信息应用系统存在问题分析的基础上,从应用系统集成复杂性方面指出应用模式的重要性,建立综合集成应用模式是解决水信息系统综合集成的问题重要途径之一。新的应用模式是以集成平台与构件服务为核心,在综合集成研讨厅框架下,采用人机结合,人机相互启发,实现水信息系统的集成和个性化应用。
(2)提出了水信息系统综合集成研讨厅的总体框架
在系统科学理论的指导下,结合水利业务领域的实际需求,提出了水信息系统综合集成研讨厅的总体框架。总体框架包括：资源层、综合集成层和用户层。在综合集成层中,综合集成平台的功能框架和服务构件的描述模型是研究重点,对平台要求：通用化、实际化、友好化；对业务对象抽象要求：具体化、标准化、构件化；对应用开发要求：快速化、高效化、实用化。
(3)应用多种技术和工具,实现了综合集成平台原型
按照从定性到定量的综合集成思想,在水信息系统综合集成研讨厅总体框架要求下,具体设计并落实到了综合集成平台。平台是以水利系统为对象,采用构件、SOA、Web服务、服务组合以及知识图等关键技术来实现。采用平台可以解决水利领域数据集成、信息组织和知识管理等问题,在预警监视、信息服务和决策服务等方面有特点。特别是可以实现异构数据及信息源跨空间、跨时间的有效整合；不同应用(包括遗留应用)系统的集成；专家领导的决策会商等。
(4)以Web服务为标准,把水利业务抽象为构件,设计和开发了水利服务构件库
水利Web服务构件是对水利业务对象的抽取和分类,由水利构件描述模型描述业务标准,由Web服务标准确定构件软件的开发标准。按照标准就可以保证构件在综合集成平台上快速搭建水利业务应用,实现水利业务应用的个性化定制。
(5)在新的应用模式下,开展了基于综合集成平台和基于构件的应用搭建
在综合集成平台上搭建了以“降雨为主”的主题应用；以构件为核心的移动应用；结合三维可视化的洪水淹没原型系统等三个方面的应用尝试。应用实践证明,综合集成研讨厅是解决水信息系统集成复杂性的关键；平台和构件是灵活搭建水利应用的基础；丰富的可视化表现是先进技术综合应用的结果。
水利信息化是一个过程,本论文研究仅是开始；水信息系统综合集成面临的复杂性、社会性和普遍性将促使我们继续深入工作；水信息系统综合集成上所做的尝试和初步应用让我们看到了光明。尽管在框架、平台和构件方面,本论文已奠定了基础,有了扩展的思路和途径,但是,面向服务的应用还要进一步检验,需要大规模的应用。
Meta-Synthesis of water information system is a preceeding studing which interactives with many aspects such as hydraulic engineering, computer science and systematolory. It involves in many kinds of hydraulic business domains, and has many kinds of information organizing models. It has many architectures of system. Water conservancy is an open complex giant system. Water information system is a highly abstract system of water conservancy. Relied on national'863'project, this paper analysed the particular characters of water conservancy. By using Systematolory methods and AI, also built water information system Meta-synthesis Discussing Hall, it resolved many problems such as bad universality, poor extension, single function, less application mode, and dulplicate development which existed in water information system. In the preceeding of constructing complex hydrologic applications and using Meta-synthesis, the major works and achievements of the study are as follows:
(1) Based on complexity of system and problems of tranditional system, anew model called Meta-synthesis model of water information system is discussed.
Based on the anylysis of complexity of system and problems of tranditional system, this paper pointed out that the application model is important to resolve the problems of complex system integration, building meta-synthesis application model is an important way to resovle the problems of meta-synthesis of water information system. Integration platform and component is the core of new application model, under the architecture of Meta-synthesis Discussing Hall, the new model relalised the integeration of water information system and customic by using human-computer cooperation, human-computer inspiration.
(2) Proposed the general architecture of Meta-synthesis Discussing Hall of water information system.
Under the guidence of systematolory, combining with the practical requirements in water conservancy, this paper proposed the general architecture called Meta-synthesis Discussing Hall of water information system. The architecture includes three layers:resources layer, meta-synthesis layer and user layer. In meta-synthesis layer, there are two important studies: function framework of meta-synthesis platform and describtion model of service component. The platform needs to be realised universaly, practicaly, and costumly; the abstract of business object needs to be realised embodimently, standardly, and componently; the application development needs to be realised rapidly, high-effectivly, and practicaly.
(3) The prototype of meta-synthesis platform was realised by appling many kinds of tecnics and tools.
According to the think in meta-synthesis which is form qualitative to quantitative, and the requirments of meta-synthesis Discussing Hall of water information system, the meta-synthesis platform was specialy desined and implemented. The platform make water conservancy as object by using component, SOA, Web service, service composition and konwlege map as key tecnics. Appling platform resolves problems such as data-integration in hydraulic domain, information orgnization and knowledge management. It also reflects characters in warning mornitoring, information service and descison service. It particularly can effectly integerate heterogeneous datas, information sources which is trans-space and inter-time, different application system and decisions held by experts.
(4) Took web service as standard, abstracted hydraulic business as component, desined and developed hydraulic service component database.
Hydraulic web service component is the extraction and classfication to objects of hudraulic business, hydraulic component model describes business standards, web service standards make developing standards. The standards can ensure build apllication of hydrauli business rapidly in the meta-synthesis platform, and then it can realise the individual customization.
(5)Under the new apllication model, based on the meta-synthesis platform and component, application development was developed
Three applications was built, theme application of'rainfall as main route', mobile apllication of'component as main route'and prototype system of flood submergence which combines with 3D visualization. The apllication showed that, Meta-synthesis Discussing Hall is the key to resolve the meta-synthetic complexity of water information system; platform and component is the basement to flexibly build hydraulic apllication; rich visualization representation is the achievement of advanced technology.
Water conservancy informatization is a process. This paper's research is just a begining; The complexity, sociality, universality which water information system synthic integeration faces push us keep on the work; Though the attempt on the water information system synthic integeration enlighted us, and this paper built the basement in the framework, platform, component, there still be many practical test, on the application of service-oriented architecture, and it needs large-scale application.
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