青少年非接触式体型二维测量与评价系统的研究
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摘要
研究目的：人体测量是通过测量人体各部位尺寸来确定个体之间和群体之间在人体尺寸上的差别,用以研究人的形态特征,青少年学生体型变化大,特殊性强,非接触式体型测量和评价系统的研究具有较强的理论和实践意义。研究方法：以我国汉族7～18岁青少年学生体型为研究对象,采用数码照相采集受试者正面和侧面照片的方式,确定受试者相关长度、宽度、厚度和围度的准确数据,通过多因素分析和建立数学模型的方法确定相关围度的数据,针对主要测试指标、派生指数以及综合指标,采用聚类分析法制定新的青少年体型的分类方法,并在此基础上确立非接触式体型测量系统和评价系统。并针对传统手工测量法进行指标的筛选和回归,最后找到关键因子并进一步分析,得到照片测量法准确性和可行性的研究。
研究结果：
1)选用下肢长、臀宽、胸腰比、腰臀比相对指标进行7～18岁男女青少年的体型分类,具有较高的可行性。根据下肢长、臀宽、胸腰比、腰臀比等指标的合理性验证,男女分类判别的准确率均在90%以上,判别函数能很好地将男女青少年体型进行分类,表明该分类方法是是一种效果较好的体型分类方法。
2)青年男女体型分类结果不同,男性体型较女性变化多。选用聚类方法进行体型分类,得出男性有匀称型、细腰型、粗壮型和细小性4类,女性有腰匀称型、粗壮型和细小性3类。生活中女性的身材比例多被关注,产生出多种分类,而本研究得出男性青少年学生的体型较女性复杂,与平时的认识有出入。
3)围度拟合效果以二阶最小二乘回归模型最佳,而一元线性回归模型更适合照片法。
结论：本研究的青少年学生非接触式数字图像体型测量具有一定可行性和合理性。照片测量值与手工测量值基本吻合,照相测量法获取的人体数据是可靠的,可以用来进行人体体型分析。
Objective:Anthropometry is a kind of science studying the morphological characteristics of human beings by measuring the differences of body size of various parts of human body between individuals and groups. Because young students change a lot in their body-type, so the research on non-contact measurement and evaluation system has strong theoretical and practical significance.
Methods:In this dissertation, it regards the young students of Han nationality aged7-18as the research object and uses digital camera to collect the face and profile pictures of the participants to get the accurate data of the length, width, thickness and girth of the participants. By using the methods of multi-factor analysis and setting up mathematical model, it gets the relevant data. In view of the main test indicators, derived index and comprehensive index, it uses cluster analysis to develop new classification method of the young students' body-type and on this basis it establishes the non-contact body measurement and evaluation system. It has a selection and regression of the indicators and has a further analysis on the key factors and gets the accuracy and the feasibility study of photo measurement.
Results:
1) It is very feasible to have a classification of7-18young men and women'body type with the relative indexes of lower limb length, hip width, chest-waist ratio and waist-to-hip ratio. Based on a rationality verification of the above indexes, classification accuracy rate of men and women is over90%that shows that the proposed classification method is a kind of effect classification method.
2) The classification result of men and women's body type is different°and the male body-type changes much more than female. Using clustering methods, it concludes that men have four kinds of body-type:symmetrical type, slender-waist type, heavy-boned type and thin. While women only have three kinds of body-type:symmetrical shapely waist type, heavy-boned type and thin. In life, more attention are paid to the female figure scale but this study concludes that the young men students'body type is much more complicated that the young women students', which is a little different from the usual understanding.
3) Girth fitting effect is the best with second order least-squares regression model and the simple linear regression model is more suitable for the photos.
Conclusions:In this study, non-contact digital image size measurement of the young students has certain feasibility and rationality. Photo measurement coincides basically with the value of the manual measurement, which shows that the data obtained with the photographic measuring method is reliable and can be used in the analysis of human body.
研究结果：
1)选用下肢长、臀宽、胸腰比、腰臀比相对指标进行7～18岁男女青少年的体型分类,具有较高的可行性。根据下肢长、臀宽、胸腰比、腰臀比等指标的合理性验证,男女分类判别的准确率均在90%以上,判别函数能很好地将男女青少年体型进行分类,表明该分类方法是是一种效果较好的体型分类方法。
2)青年男女体型分类结果不同,男性体型较女性变化多。选用聚类方法进行体型分类,得出男性有匀称型、细腰型、粗壮型和细小性4类,女性有腰匀称型、粗壮型和细小性3类。生活中女性的身材比例多被关注,产生出多种分类,而本研究得出男性青少年学生的体型较女性复杂,与平时的认识有出入。
3)围度拟合效果以二阶最小二乘回归模型最佳,而一元线性回归模型更适合照片法。
结论：本研究的青少年学生非接触式数字图像体型测量具有一定可行性和合理性。照片测量值与手工测量值基本吻合,照相测量法获取的人体数据是可靠的,可以用来进行人体体型分析。
Objective:Anthropometry is a kind of science studying the morphological characteristics of human beings by measuring the differences of body size of various parts of human body between individuals and groups. Because young students change a lot in their body-type, so the research on non-contact measurement and evaluation system has strong theoretical and practical significance.
Methods:In this dissertation, it regards the young students of Han nationality aged7-18as the research object and uses digital camera to collect the face and profile pictures of the participants to get the accurate data of the length, width, thickness and girth of the participants. By using the methods of multi-factor analysis and setting up mathematical model, it gets the relevant data. In view of the main test indicators, derived index and comprehensive index, it uses cluster analysis to develop new classification method of the young students' body-type and on this basis it establishes the non-contact body measurement and evaluation system. It has a selection and regression of the indicators and has a further analysis on the key factors and gets the accuracy and the feasibility study of photo measurement.
Results:
1) It is very feasible to have a classification of7-18young men and women'body type with the relative indexes of lower limb length, hip width, chest-waist ratio and waist-to-hip ratio. Based on a rationality verification of the above indexes, classification accuracy rate of men and women is over90%that shows that the proposed classification method is a kind of effect classification method.
2) The classification result of men and women's body type is different°and the male body-type changes much more than female. Using clustering methods, it concludes that men have four kinds of body-type:symmetrical type, slender-waist type, heavy-boned type and thin. While women only have three kinds of body-type:symmetrical shapely waist type, heavy-boned type and thin. In life, more attention are paid to the female figure scale but this study concludes that the young men students'body type is much more complicated that the young women students', which is a little different from the usual understanding.
3) Girth fitting effect is the best with second order least-squares regression model and the simple linear regression model is more suitable for the photos.
Conclusions:In this study, non-contact digital image size measurement of the young students has certain feasibility and rationality. Photo measurement coincides basically with the value of the manual measurement, which shows that the data obtained with the photographic measuring method is reliable and can be used in the analysis of human body.
引文
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[19]梁明康,郑连斌,朱芳武,等.广西京族成人的体型特点[J].解剖学杂志,2008,31(20)：249-252.
[20]张兴华,郑连斌,陆舜华,等.独龙族成人的Heath-Carter法体型研究[J].天津师范大学学报：自然科学版,2008,28(3)：15-18.
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[22]花兆合,刘再群,李玲,等.安徽农村青少年体型的Heath-Carter人体测量法研究[J].营养学报,2003,25(4)：363-365.
[23]金利新,朱钦.山东省潍坊地区汉族青少年Heath-Carter法体型研究[J].人类学学报,2004,23(4)：229-232.
[24]刘素伟,韩静,赵宝东,等.辽西地区农村汉族青少年体型发育规律的Heath-Carter体型法分析[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2007,11(10)：1878-1882.
[25]蒋葵,梁明康,李坤,等.壮族青少年的体型研究[J].广西民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)人文社会科学专辑,2008(6)：8-41.
[26]Heath B.H.Carter comparisoneomato type methods[J].Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.,1966.24(2): 73-99.
[27]史祝梅,孙红梅.健身运动对青春期女孩体型发育的影响[J].体育科学,2001,21(5)：43-46.
[28]Gordon E., Tobias P.V., Mendelsonhn D., et al.The relationship between somatotype and serumlipids in male and female young adults[J]/Hum. Biol.,1987,59:459-465.
[29]Williams S. R., Goodfellow J., Davies B., et al. Somatotype and angiographically determined atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in men[J]. Am. J. Hum. Biol.,2000,12(1):128-138.
[30]Rosengren A, Wedel H, Wilhelmsen L.Body weight and weight gain during adult life in men inrelation to coronary heart disease and mortality.A prospective population study[J]. Eur. Heart J.,1999,20(4):246-248.
[31]管革,李岩,徐飞.应用Heath-Carter法评定冠心病患者的体型特征[J].中国临床康复,2005,15(9)：’23-25.
[32]李岩,徐飞.应用Heath-Carter法定量评估糖尿病患者的体型特征[J].中国临床康复,2005,15(9)“26-27.
[33]Li J., Liu S. Y., Zhang Y. Application of Three-dimensional Body Measurement System[J]. Journal ofDonghua University (Eng. Ed.),2005.22(4):134-138.
[34]彭荣华,钟约先,张吴明.人体三维无接触测量系统的研究田[J].计量技术,2004,(2)：36-38.
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[37]Adrian Hilton, Daniel Beresford, Thomas Gentils, et al. Whole-body modeling of people from multiview images to populat evirtual worlds[J]. The Visual Computer,2000(16): 411-436.
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[2]Sheldon WH, StevensSS, TuckerWB.The varieties of human physique [M].New York:Harper, 1940.
[3]Carter J.E.L, Heath B.H. Somatotyping:Development and Applications[M]. London: Cambrige University Press,1990:73-387.
[4]金利新.山东汉族成人的Heath-Carter法体型研究[J].人类学学报,2003,22(1)：37-44.
[5]齐连枝,王树勋,陆舜华.内蒙古地区汉族成人体型的分析[J].解剖学杂志,2004,27(4)：434-437.
[6]邹智荣,李雪雁,刘承杏,等,云南汉族成人的Heath-Carter法体型研究[J].四川大学学报(医学版),2006,37(2)：321-323.
[7]姜东,单颖,赵宝东,等.辽西地区汉族成人的体型特征[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2007,39(11)：7747-7749.
[8]梁明康,朱钦,蒋葵,等.广西汉族成人的体型研究[J].广西医科大学学报,2008,25(4)：501-505.
[9]王瓣生,陈如橙,诸洪进,等.中国人参考解剖生理和代谢数据[M].北京：原子能出版社,1998：7-19.
[10]朱钦,郑连斌,王巧玲,等.回族成人的Heath-Carter法体型研究[J].解剖学杂志,1997,20(6)：600-604.
[11]郑连斌,阎桂彬,刘东,等.蒙古族体型的Heath-Carter人体测量法研究[J].人类学学报,1996,15(3)：218-224.
[12]朱钦,王树勋,阎桂彬,等.鄂伦春族成人体型[J].解剖学杂志,2000,23(3)：208-212.
[13]丁博,郑连斌,陆舜华,等.仫佬族成人Heath-Carter 法体型研究[J].天津师范大学学报：自然科学版,2007,27(2)：19-23
[14]黄秀峰,李培春,钟斌,等.仡佬族成人体型1leath-Carter人体测量法体型研究[J].人类学学报,2002,21(4)：279-284.
[15]黄秀峰,周庆辉,钟斌.瑶族体型的Heath-Carter人体测量法研究[J].右江民族医学院学报,2003,25(1)：1-5.
[16]黄世宁,浦洪琴,凌雁斌,等.壮族成人的Heath-Carter法体型研究[J].广西医科大学学报,2002,19(1)：60-63.
[17]黄世宁,浦洪琴,庞祖荫.侗族成人Heath-Carter法体型研究[J].人类学学报,2004,23(1)：73-78.
[18]罗东梅,郑连斌,陆舜华,等.怒族成人Heath-Carter法体型研究[J].天津师范大学学报：自然科学版,2007,27(4)：11-15.
[19]梁明康,郑连斌,朱芳武,等.广西京族成人的体型特点[J].解剖学杂志,2008,31(20)：249-252.
[20]张兴华,郑连斌,陆舜华,等.独龙族成人的Heath-Carter法体型研究[J].天津师范大学学报：自然科学版,2008,28(3)：15-18.
[21]齐连枝,朱钦,泰格勒扎布,等.蒙古族青少年体型初探[J].内蒙古医学院学报,2001,23(20)：75-78.
[22]花兆合,刘再群,李玲,等.安徽农村青少年体型的Heath-Carter人体测量法研究[J].营养学报,2003,25(4)：363-365.
[23]金利新,朱钦.山东省潍坊地区汉族青少年Heath-Carter法体型研究[J].人类学学报,2004,23(4)：229-232.
[24]刘素伟,韩静,赵宝东,等.辽西地区农村汉族青少年体型发育规律的Heath-Carter体型法分析[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2007,11(10)：1878-1882.
[25]蒋葵,梁明康,李坤,等.壮族青少年的体型研究[J].广西民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)人文社会科学专辑,2008(6)：8-41.
[26]Heath B.H.Carter comparisoneomato type methods[J].Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.,1966.24(2): 73-99.
[27]史祝梅,孙红梅.健身运动对青春期女孩体型发育的影响[J].体育科学,2001,21(5)：43-46.
[28]Gordon E., Tobias P.V., Mendelsonhn D., et al.The relationship between somatotype and serumlipids in male and female young adults[J]/Hum. Biol.,1987,59:459-465.
[29]Williams S. R., Goodfellow J., Davies B., et al. Somatotype and angiographically determined atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in men[J]. Am. J. Hum. Biol.,2000,12(1):128-138.
[30]Rosengren A, Wedel H, Wilhelmsen L.Body weight and weight gain during adult life in men inrelation to coronary heart disease and mortality.A prospective population study[J]. Eur. Heart J.,1999,20(4):246-248.
[31]管革,李岩,徐飞.应用Heath-Carter法评定冠心病患者的体型特征[J].中国临床康复,2005,15(9)：’23-25.
[32]李岩,徐飞.应用Heath-Carter法定量评估糖尿病患者的体型特征[J].中国临床康复,2005,15(9)“26-27.
[33]Li J., Liu S. Y., Zhang Y. Application of Three-dimensional Body Measurement System[J]. Journal ofDonghua University (Eng. Ed.),2005.22(4):134-138.
[34]彭荣华,钟约先,张吴明.人体三维无接触测量系统的研究田[J].计量技术,2004,(2)：36-38.
[35]朱辉,杨建国,张瑞云.电脑服装设计[M].第2版.上海：复旦大学出版社,1997：144.
[36]Cynthia L. Istook St-Jeong Hwang.3D body scanning systems with application to the apparel industry[J]. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management,2001(15):120-132.
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