基于60GHz的DWCS中切换算法的研究
摘要
为了解决高速率数据业务需求与频谱资源紧缺之间的矛盾,通信研究者在分布式天线技术的基础上,提出了分布式无线通信系统(DWCS)的全新概念。切换过程对于任何移动通信系统都是极为重要的。对于DWCS的切换方法,已有部分研究报道,其中最为典型的是“固定天线数目区群切换算法”。同时,60GHz毫米波由于其特有的免许可性和极高的传输带宽等特点,已经成为无线通信领域的研究热点。
本文首先分析了传统蜂窝小区通信系统所存在的两点局限性,即较难实现毫米波通信的无缝覆盖,以及在提高频谱利用率方面存在极限。针对这两个问题,本文引出了DWCS的概念,并结合其结构特点,详细分析了相比于蜂窝小区通信系统,DWCS在实现毫米波无线覆盖和提高频谱利用率等方面所存在的优势。
然后,本文在深入讨论传统移动通信系统中切换方法的基础上,分析了移动通信系统网络结构从蜂窝小区转变为基于分布式天线网络架构之后,对系统切换方法的影响,即DWCS中的切换不再是以基站为中心,而是以移动台为中心。并详细介绍了DWCS中现有的区群切换和信道切换算法。
最后,本文利用OPNET网络仿真软件,对60GHz无线信道和DWCS进行了建模,并以此为基础,重点研究在60GHz毫米波作为DWCS中无线载波频率的情况下“固定天线数目区群切换算法”的性能指标。
仿真结果表明, DWCS中区群切换比传统越区切换有更好的切换性能；在综合考虑信号服务质量和天线利用效率的情况下,区群中天线数目选择4较为适宜。
本文发展了适用于60GHz无线通信系统的切换方法,为建立未来通信系统做出了一定的探索。
In order to tackle with the contradiction between the increasing demand in high data rate services and the scarcity of spectrum resource, the Distributed Wireless Communication System (DWCS) was introduced as a new concept based on distributed antenna techniques. Handoff techniques, which are essential for all mobile communication systems, have been somehow developed in DWCS. One typical method is Cell Group Handoff Algorithm with Fixed Number of Antennas. On the other hand, 60GHz microwave has attracted much research interests due to its unique attributes such as unlicensed and extremely high available bandwidth.
This article firstly analyzed the two limitations of traditional cellular communication systems, one is the seamless coverage problem of millimeter-wave communication, the other one is the restriction on the further improvement of spectral efficiency. Based on these limitations, this article introduces the concept of DWCS and its characteristics. In addition, the advantages of adopting DWCS rather than traditional cellular systems are analyzed in detail.
Evolving from cellular network to distributed antenna network also require a change in handoff methods. In DWCS, handoff is based on mobile terminals rather than base station. Then, the existing algorithms for cell group handoff and channel switching in DWCS are introduced in sequence.
Finally, DWCS and 60GHz wireless channel are modeled and simulated using OPNET. The performance of Cell Group Handoff Algorithm with Fixed Number of Antennas is analyzed using the simulation model, with 60GHz as carrier frequency in the DWCS.
The simulation results show that the cell group handoff has better performance than traditional handoff methods. In order to balance quality of service and antenna utilization rate, it is appropriate to choose 4 antennas in one cell group.
This article develops the handoff method for 60GHz wireless communication system, and makes a forward-looking exploration to future communication system.
本文首先分析了传统蜂窝小区通信系统所存在的两点局限性,即较难实现毫米波通信的无缝覆盖,以及在提高频谱利用率方面存在极限。针对这两个问题,本文引出了DWCS的概念,并结合其结构特点,详细分析了相比于蜂窝小区通信系统,DWCS在实现毫米波无线覆盖和提高频谱利用率等方面所存在的优势。
然后,本文在深入讨论传统移动通信系统中切换方法的基础上,分析了移动通信系统网络结构从蜂窝小区转变为基于分布式天线网络架构之后,对系统切换方法的影响,即DWCS中的切换不再是以基站为中心,而是以移动台为中心。并详细介绍了DWCS中现有的区群切换和信道切换算法。
最后,本文利用OPNET网络仿真软件,对60GHz无线信道和DWCS进行了建模,并以此为基础,重点研究在60GHz毫米波作为DWCS中无线载波频率的情况下“固定天线数目区群切换算法”的性能指标。
仿真结果表明, DWCS中区群切换比传统越区切换有更好的切换性能；在综合考虑信号服务质量和天线利用效率的情况下,区群中天线数目选择4较为适宜。
本文发展了适用于60GHz无线通信系统的切换方法,为建立未来通信系统做出了一定的探索。
In order to tackle with the contradiction between the increasing demand in high data rate services and the scarcity of spectrum resource, the Distributed Wireless Communication System (DWCS) was introduced as a new concept based on distributed antenna techniques. Handoff techniques, which are essential for all mobile communication systems, have been somehow developed in DWCS. One typical method is Cell Group Handoff Algorithm with Fixed Number of Antennas. On the other hand, 60GHz microwave has attracted much research interests due to its unique attributes such as unlicensed and extremely high available bandwidth.
This article firstly analyzed the two limitations of traditional cellular communication systems, one is the seamless coverage problem of millimeter-wave communication, the other one is the restriction on the further improvement of spectral efficiency. Based on these limitations, this article introduces the concept of DWCS and its characteristics. In addition, the advantages of adopting DWCS rather than traditional cellular systems are analyzed in detail.
Evolving from cellular network to distributed antenna network also require a change in handoff methods. In DWCS, handoff is based on mobile terminals rather than base station. Then, the existing algorithms for cell group handoff and channel switching in DWCS are introduced in sequence.
Finally, DWCS and 60GHz wireless channel are modeled and simulated using OPNET. The performance of Cell Group Handoff Algorithm with Fixed Number of Antennas is analyzed using the simulation model, with 60GHz as carrier frequency in the DWCS.
The simulation results show that the cell group handoff has better performance than traditional handoff methods. In order to balance quality of service and antenna utilization rate, it is appropriate to choose 4 antennas in one cell group.
This article develops the handoff method for 60GHz wireless communication system, and makes a forward-looking exploration to future communication system.
引文
[1]徐坤,李建强.面向宽带无线接入的光载无线系统.电子工业出版社.2009.
[2]代琳.分布式无线通信系统的容量和关键技术研究.博士毕业论文.清华大学.2002.
[3]Shidong Zhou, Ming Zhao, Xibin Xu, et al.Distributed wireless communication system:a new architecture for future public wireless access [J].IEEE Communications Magazine, vol.41 (3),108-113.2003,3.
[4]王京,姚彦,赵明等.分布式无线通信系统的概念平台[J].电子学报.2002,3(7)：937-940.
[5]叶晓辉.分布式无线通信系统信道接入关键技术研究.硕士学位论文.清华大学.2005.
[6]王静,杨旭,莫婷婷.60GHz无线通信研究现状和发展趋势.信息技术[J].2008,3：140-144.
[7]秦夏鸿.移动通信系统中的切换技术研究.硕士学位论文.北京邮电大学.2007.
[8]G. Falciasecca, M. Frullone, G. Riva, et al. Comparison of different hand-over strategies for high capacity cellular mobile radio systems [A].Proceedings of Vehicular Technology Conference[C].1989,5:122-127.
[9]袁园.RoF移动通信系统中切换算法的研究与仿真.硕士学位论文.华中科技大学.2008.
[10]Ning Zhang, Jack M. Holtzman. Analysis of handoff algorithms using both absolute and relative measurements[J].IEEE Transactions On Vehicular Technology,1994,45(1):174-179.
[11]Mark D. Austin, Gordon L. Stuber. Direction biased handoff algorithms for urban microcells [A].Vehicular Technology Conference[C].1994,7:8-10.
[12]Lan Wang, Zhisheng Niu, Yanfeng Zhu, et al. Integration of SNR, load and time in handoff initiation for wireless LAN[A].The 14th IEEE 2003 International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communication Proceedings[C].2003,3(9):2032-2036.
[13]文红玲,谢永彬. TD-SCDMA系统接力切换技术[J].中国无线电.2005,8：40-42.
[14]郑宇TD-SCDMA系统的切换技术[J].电信科学,2006,22(6)：78-80.
[15]Huamin Zhu, Kyung-sup Kwak. Adaptive handoff using distance information [A].Vehicular Technology Conference[C].2006,2(3):932-936.
[16]任俊威.分布式无线通信系统关键技术研究.硕士学位论文.北京邮电大学,2006.
[17]李征,吴伟陵.DWCS中切换与蜂窝系统中切换的比较[J].电路与系统学报,2005,10(4)：136-140.
[18]李征,王海霞,吴伟陵.在DWCS中的位置和方向辅助切换算法[J].通信学报,2005,26(7)：136-139.
[19]赵新胜,尤肖虎,朱定乾.分布式无线移动通信系统中远端天线单元动态选择方法研究[J].电子与信息学报.2006,28(12)：2334-2338.
[20]蒋占军,赵新胜,尤肖虎.一种分布式无线移动通信系统中远端天线单元动态选择模型[J].电子与信息学报.2007,29(2)：805-809.
[21]Theodore S. Rappaport.周文安等译.无线通信原理与应用(第二版).电子工业出版社.2006,7.
[22]张琼.60GHz毫米波短距通信的若干问题研究.硕士学位论文.中国科学技术大学.2010.
[23]张奇,林如俭,修明磊.一种60GHz毫米波的四参数模型[J].红外与毫米波学报,2007,26(1)：30-34.
[24]李阳.移动通信的分布式天线分集技术研究.硕士论文.解放军信息工程大学.2007.
[25]G. J. Foschini, M. J. Gans.On limits of wireless communications in a fading environment when using m multiple antennas [J]. Wireless Personal Communications, vol.6.1998:203-209.
[26]徐坤,李建强.面向宽带无线接入的光载无线系统.电子工业出版社.2009.
[27]江涛.全双工60GHz的RoF系统的研究.硕士学位论文.华中科技大学.2007.
[28]B. L. Dang, M. G. Larrod, R. V. Prasad, et al. Radio-over-fiber architecture for seamless wireless indoor communication in the 60 GHz band [J]. Computer Communication.2007,30:3598-3613.
[29]余建国,徐力,郭华志等.RoF在无线宽带移动通信中的应用[J].光通信研究.2007,1：15-17,36.
[30]李金山,唐宏,陶京涛.移动通信系统的切换技术[J].中国无线电,2006,1：166-170.
[2]代琳.分布式无线通信系统的容量和关键技术研究.博士毕业论文.清华大学.2002.
[3]Shidong Zhou, Ming Zhao, Xibin Xu, et al.Distributed wireless communication system:a new architecture for future public wireless access [J].IEEE Communications Magazine, vol.41 (3),108-113.2003,3.
[4]王京,姚彦,赵明等.分布式无线通信系统的概念平台[J].电子学报.2002,3(7)：937-940.
[5]叶晓辉.分布式无线通信系统信道接入关键技术研究.硕士学位论文.清华大学.2005.
[6]王静,杨旭,莫婷婷.60GHz无线通信研究现状和发展趋势.信息技术[J].2008,3：140-144.
[7]秦夏鸿.移动通信系统中的切换技术研究.硕士学位论文.北京邮电大学.2007.
[8]G. Falciasecca, M. Frullone, G. Riva, et al. Comparison of different hand-over strategies for high capacity cellular mobile radio systems [A].Proceedings of Vehicular Technology Conference[C].1989,5:122-127.
[9]袁园.RoF移动通信系统中切换算法的研究与仿真.硕士学位论文.华中科技大学.2008.
[10]Ning Zhang, Jack M. Holtzman. Analysis of handoff algorithms using both absolute and relative measurements[J].IEEE Transactions On Vehicular Technology,1994,45(1):174-179.
[11]Mark D. Austin, Gordon L. Stuber. Direction biased handoff algorithms for urban microcells [A].Vehicular Technology Conference[C].1994,7:8-10.
[12]Lan Wang, Zhisheng Niu, Yanfeng Zhu, et al. Integration of SNR, load and time in handoff initiation for wireless LAN[A].The 14th IEEE 2003 International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communication Proceedings[C].2003,3(9):2032-2036.
[13]文红玲,谢永彬. TD-SCDMA系统接力切换技术[J].中国无线电.2005,8：40-42.
[14]郑宇TD-SCDMA系统的切换技术[J].电信科学,2006,22(6)：78-80.
[15]Huamin Zhu, Kyung-sup Kwak. Adaptive handoff using distance information [A].Vehicular Technology Conference[C].2006,2(3):932-936.
[16]任俊威.分布式无线通信系统关键技术研究.硕士学位论文.北京邮电大学,2006.
[17]李征,吴伟陵.DWCS中切换与蜂窝系统中切换的比较[J].电路与系统学报,2005,10(4)：136-140.
[18]李征,王海霞,吴伟陵.在DWCS中的位置和方向辅助切换算法[J].通信学报,2005,26(7)：136-139.
[19]赵新胜,尤肖虎,朱定乾.分布式无线移动通信系统中远端天线单元动态选择方法研究[J].电子与信息学报.2006,28(12)：2334-2338.
[20]蒋占军,赵新胜,尤肖虎.一种分布式无线移动通信系统中远端天线单元动态选择模型[J].电子与信息学报.2007,29(2)：805-809.
[21]Theodore S. Rappaport.周文安等译.无线通信原理与应用(第二版).电子工业出版社.2006,7.
[22]张琼.60GHz毫米波短距通信的若干问题研究.硕士学位论文.中国科学技术大学.2010.
[23]张奇,林如俭,修明磊.一种60GHz毫米波的四参数模型[J].红外与毫米波学报,2007,26(1)：30-34.
[24]李阳.移动通信的分布式天线分集技术研究.硕士论文.解放军信息工程大学.2007.
[25]G. J. Foschini, M. J. Gans.On limits of wireless communications in a fading environment when using m multiple antennas [J]. Wireless Personal Communications, vol.6.1998:203-209.
[26]徐坤,李建强.面向宽带无线接入的光载无线系统.电子工业出版社.2009.
[27]江涛.全双工60GHz的RoF系统的研究.硕士学位论文.华中科技大学.2007.
[28]B. L. Dang, M. G. Larrod, R. V. Prasad, et al. Radio-over-fiber architecture for seamless wireless indoor communication in the 60 GHz band [J]. Computer Communication.2007,30:3598-3613.
[29]余建国,徐力,郭华志等.RoF在无线宽带移动通信中的应用[J].光通信研究.2007,1：15-17,36.
[30]李金山,唐宏,陶京涛.移动通信系统的切换技术[J].中国无线电,2006,1：166-170.
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