VANET网络中无线衰落信道建模及链路性能评估
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摘要
本论文在广泛阅读有关移动通信无线信道传播模型和VANET的文献资料基础上,首先,推导三维场景下双移动节点间链路的多普勒功率谱模型,给出时间自相关函数和多普勒功率谱的解析表达式,进一步以该模型为基础,分析无线电波在VANET网络环境中的小尺度衰落特性；然后,在典型城区环境实现对VANET链路层性能实测评估；其次,分析实测场景中无线电波传播特性,提炼信道特征参量,建立一个适用于VANET的综合无线信道传播模型；最后,以建立的VANET综合信道模型为基础实现对VANET链路层性能评估,并将仿真结果与实测结果进行比较。
本文研究的主要贡献及创新点如下：
1)建立三维场景下双移动节点链路的多普勒功率谱模型,给出其解析表达式,该模型是与节点移动速度、终端天线辐射函数和散射环境有关的随机性模型；同时,以该模型为基础,分析电波在VANET网络环境中的小尺度衰落特性。
2)在典型城区环境中实现VANET链路层(包级)性能实测工作。
3)分析在该实测场景下无线电波的传播特点,建立VANET的综合无线信道传播模型,并以该模型为基础实现对VANET链路层性能仿真。仿真结果表明提出的综合信道模型可用于典型城区环境中VANET链路层性能评估。
Firstly, the dissertation analyzes the performance of wireless radio propagation in VANET based on referencing many literatures on wireless radio propagation model in wireless communication system and VANET, then addresses Doppler Spectrum model for radio link between double mobile nodes in three-dimensional(3-D) scenario, and gives the analytical expressions of time-autocorrelation function and Doppler Spectrum. Then using the proposed model to analyze the characters of wireless radio's small-term fading in VANET. Secondly, making a measurement of packet-level performance of VANET in a densely build-up urban environment. Thirdly, analyzing the performance of wireless radio's propagation in the measurement scenario, then the paper proposes a hybrid propagation model for VANET in densely build-up urban environment, moreover, using the hybrid model as the physical model in OMNET++to evaluate the packet-level performance of VANET. The results of simulation are compared with that of measurement.
The main contribution and innovative outlines of this paper are as following:
1) Addressing Doppler Spectrum model for radio link between double mobile nodes in 3-D scenario, and giving its analytical expression which is relative to the speed of mobile nodes, the probability distribution of the transmitted(received) multi-wave and the antenna. Furthermore, analyzing the characters of wireless radio's small-term fading in VANET based on the proposed model.
2) Measuring the packet-level performance of VANET in wuhan city.
3) Analyzing the performance of wireless radio propagation in measurement environment, then proposing a hybrid channel model to evaluate the packet-level performance of VANET. The simulation results of packet-level performance are approximately consistent with that in measurement.
本文研究的主要贡献及创新点如下：
1)建立三维场景下双移动节点链路的多普勒功率谱模型,给出其解析表达式,该模型是与节点移动速度、终端天线辐射函数和散射环境有关的随机性模型；同时,以该模型为基础,分析电波在VANET网络环境中的小尺度衰落特性。
2)在典型城区环境中实现VANET链路层(包级)性能实测工作。
3)分析在该实测场景下无线电波的传播特点,建立VANET的综合无线信道传播模型,并以该模型为基础实现对VANET链路层性能仿真。仿真结果表明提出的综合信道模型可用于典型城区环境中VANET链路层性能评估。
Firstly, the dissertation analyzes the performance of wireless radio propagation in VANET based on referencing many literatures on wireless radio propagation model in wireless communication system and VANET, then addresses Doppler Spectrum model for radio link between double mobile nodes in three-dimensional(3-D) scenario, and gives the analytical expressions of time-autocorrelation function and Doppler Spectrum. Then using the proposed model to analyze the characters of wireless radio's small-term fading in VANET. Secondly, making a measurement of packet-level performance of VANET in a densely build-up urban environment. Thirdly, analyzing the performance of wireless radio's propagation in the measurement scenario, then the paper proposes a hybrid propagation model for VANET in densely build-up urban environment, moreover, using the hybrid model as the physical model in OMNET++to evaluate the packet-level performance of VANET. The results of simulation are compared with that of measurement.
The main contribution and innovative outlines of this paper are as following:
1) Addressing Doppler Spectrum model for radio link between double mobile nodes in 3-D scenario, and giving its analytical expression which is relative to the speed of mobile nodes, the probability distribution of the transmitted(received) multi-wave and the antenna. Furthermore, analyzing the characters of wireless radio's small-term fading in VANET based on the proposed model.
2) Measuring the packet-level performance of VANET in wuhan city.
3) Analyzing the performance of wireless radio propagation in measurement environment, then proposing a hybrid channel model to evaluate the packet-level performance of VANET. The simulation results of packet-level performance are approximately consistent with that in measurement.
引文
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[4]常促宇,向勇,史美林.车载自组网的现状与发展[J].通信学报,2007,28(11)：117-126.
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[8]Dacid G. M., James C.. Requirements for Standard Radiowave Propagation Models for Vehicular Environments[C]. The 2006 IEEE 63rd Vehicular Technology Conference(VTC), Australia:Melbourne, May,2006,6:2777-2781.
[9]Molisch A. F., Foerster J. R., Pendergrass M.. Channel Models for Ultrawideband Personal Area Networks[J]. IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,2003,10(4):14-21.
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[14]WILLWARN:Wireless Local Danger Warning[EB]. http://www.preventip.org/,2004.
[15]ADASE:Advanced Driver Assistance Systems in Europe[EB]. http://www.adase2.net, 2003.
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[31]Vatalaro F.. The Scattering Function of the Mobile Radio Channel in the Presence of Three-dimensional Diffuse Multipath[C]. In Process ISITA'94, Australia:Sydney,1994, 1397-1402.
[32]Pawlikowski K., Jeong J., Lee J.. On Credibility of Simulation Studies of Telecommunication Networks[J]. IEEE Commun. Mag.,2002,40(1):132-139.
[33]Breslau L., Estrin D., Fall K.. Advances in Network Simulation[J]. Computer Engineering, 2000,33:59-67.
[34]Luc Hogie, Pascal Bouvry, Frederic Guinand. An Overview of MANETs Simulation[J]. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science,2006,1-26.
[35]William T. K., Jon R. W., Julia A.. Wireless Network Modeling and Simulation Tools for Designers and Developers[J]. IEEE Commun. Mag.,2009,47:120-127.
[36]Noble D.. The History of Land-mobile Radio Communicatios[C]. Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, May,1962,50:1404-1416.
[37]Wang L. C., Liu W. C., Cheng Y. H.. Statistical Analysis of a Mobile-to-mobile Rican Fading Channel Model[J]. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Tech.,2009,58(1):32-43.
[38]Zajic A., Stuber G.. Space-time Correlated Mobile-to-mobile Channels:Modeling and Simulation[J]. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Tech.,2008,57:715-726.
[39]Cheng L., Bai F., Stancil D. D.. A New Geometrical Channel Model for Vehicle-to-vehicle Communications[C]. In Process IEEE Antennas Propagation Society International Symposium, USA:Charleston, June,2009,1-4.
[40]Matolak D.. Channel Modeling for Vehicle-to-vehicle Communications[J]. IEEE Commun. Mag.,2008,46(5):84-91.
[41]Cheng X.. An Adaptive Geometry-based Stochastic Model for Non-lsotropic MIMO Mobile-to-mobile Channels[J]. IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,2009,8(9):4824-4835.
[42]Zajic A., Stuber G.. Statistical Properties of Wideband MIMO Mobile-to-mobile Channels[C]. IEEE Wireless Communication Networking Conference(WCNC 2008), USA: Nevada, April,2008,763-768.
[43]Patzold M., Hogstad B., Yousset N.. Modeling Analysis and Simulation of MIMO Mobile-to-mobile Fading Channels[J]. IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,2008,56(3): 510-520.
[2]Dirk Reichardt, Maurizio Miglietta, Lino Moretti. CarTALK 2000 Safe and Comfortable Driving Based Upon Inter-Vehicle-Communication[EB]. www. Cartalk 2000. net,2009.
[3]Vahid Tarokh. New Directions in Wireless Communications Research,1st edition[M]. Springer Publishing Company,2009,1-25.
[4]常促宇,向勇,史美林.车载自组网的现状与发展[J].通信学报,2007,28(11)：117-126.
[5]Fiebig B. European Traffic Accidents and Purposed Solutions[R]. In Process of the ITU-T Workshop on Standardization in Telecommunication for Motor Vehicles,2003:24-25. http://www.itu.int/ITU_T/.
[6]Schmitz R., Leiggener A., Festag A.. Analysis of Path Characteristics and Transport Protocol Design in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks[C]. The 2006 IEEE 63rd Vehicular Technology Conference(VTC), Australia:Melbourne, May,2006,6:56-65.
[7]Francisco J. M., Chai K. T.. Realistic Radio Propagation Models(RPMs) for VANET Simulation[C]. IEEE Wireless Communications & Networking Conference(WCNC09), Hungary:Budapest, April,2009,5-8.
[8]Dacid G. M., James C.. Requirements for Standard Radiowave Propagation Models for Vehicular Environments[C]. The 2006 IEEE 63rd Vehicular Technology Conference(VTC), Australia:Melbourne, May,2006,6:2777-2781.
[9]Molisch A. F., Foerster J. R., Pendergrass M.. Channel Models for Ultrawideband Personal Area Networks[J]. IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,2003,10(4):14-21.
[10]Car-to-Car Communications[EB]. http://www.Car-to-car.org/,2003.
[11]FleetNet Program[EB]. http://www.fleetnet.com/,2000.
[12]FleetNet[EB]. http://www.et2.tu-harburg.de/fleetnet/index.html/,2004.
[13]NOW:Network-on-wheels[EB]. http://www.network-on-wheels.de/,2004.
[14]WILLWARN:Wireless Local Danger Warning[EB]. http://www.preventip.org/,2004.
[15]ADASE:Advanced Driver Assistance Systems in Europe[EB]. http://www.adase2.net, 2003.
[16]DRiVE:Dynamic Radio for IP-services in Vehicular Environments[EB]. http://www.ist-drive.org,2002.
[17]CHAUFFEUR 2[EB]. http://www.chauffeur2.net/,2005.
[18]CarTalk2000[EB]. http://www.cartalk2000.net/,2001.
[19]Shiraki Y., Ohyama T., Nakabayashi S., et al. Development of an Inter-vehicle Communications System[J]. Special Edition on ITS,2008,68(12):11-13.
[20]Kaoru Seki. Applications of DSRC in Japan[R]. ITS Center, Japan Automobile Research Institute,2002.
[21]ITS Cooperative Deployment Network(ISDN)[EB]. http://www.ntoctalks.com/,2004.
[22]Nadeem T., Dashtinezhad S., Liao C.. Traffic-view:Traffic Data Dissemination Using Car-to-car Communication[J]. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review,2004,8(3):6-9.
[23]David Shrank, Tim Lomax. The 2005 Urban Mobility Report[R]. Texas Transportation Institute, The Texas A & M University System,2005.
[24]U.S. Department of Transportation[EB]. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/,2009.
[25]杨大成.移动传播环境理论基础·分析方法和建模技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003.
[26]Clarke R. H.. A Statistical Theory of Mobile-radio Reception[J]. Bell Syst. Tech. J.,1968, 47:957-1000.
[27]Gans M. J.. A Power Spectral Theory of Propagation in the Mobile Radio Environment[J]. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Tech.,1972,21:27-38.
[28]Auliln T.. A Modified Model for the Fading Signal at a Mobile Radio Channel[J]. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Tech.,1978,28:182-203.
[29]AKKI A. S., Fred Haber. A Statistical Model of Mobile-to-mobile Land Communication Channel[J]. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Tech.,1986,35(1):2-7.
[30]Akki A. S.. Statistical Properties of Mobile-to-mobile Land Communication Channels[J]. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Tech.,1994,43(4):826-831.
[31]Vatalaro F.. The Scattering Function of the Mobile Radio Channel in the Presence of Three-dimensional Diffuse Multipath[C]. In Process ISITA'94, Australia:Sydney,1994, 1397-1402.
[32]Pawlikowski K., Jeong J., Lee J.. On Credibility of Simulation Studies of Telecommunication Networks[J]. IEEE Commun. Mag.,2002,40(1):132-139.
[33]Breslau L., Estrin D., Fall K.. Advances in Network Simulation[J]. Computer Engineering, 2000,33:59-67.
[34]Luc Hogie, Pascal Bouvry, Frederic Guinand. An Overview of MANETs Simulation[J]. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science,2006,1-26.
[35]William T. K., Jon R. W., Julia A.. Wireless Network Modeling and Simulation Tools for Designers and Developers[J]. IEEE Commun. Mag.,2009,47:120-127.
[36]Noble D.. The History of Land-mobile Radio Communicatios[C]. Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, May,1962,50:1404-1416.
[37]Wang L. C., Liu W. C., Cheng Y. H.. Statistical Analysis of a Mobile-to-mobile Rican Fading Channel Model[J]. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Tech.,2009,58(1):32-43.
[38]Zajic A., Stuber G.. Space-time Correlated Mobile-to-mobile Channels:Modeling and Simulation[J]. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Tech.,2008,57:715-726.
[39]Cheng L., Bai F., Stancil D. D.. A New Geometrical Channel Model for Vehicle-to-vehicle Communications[C]. In Process IEEE Antennas Propagation Society International Symposium, USA:Charleston, June,2009,1-4.
[40]Matolak D.. Channel Modeling for Vehicle-to-vehicle Communications[J]. IEEE Commun. Mag.,2008,46(5):84-91.
[41]Cheng X.. An Adaptive Geometry-based Stochastic Model for Non-lsotropic MIMO Mobile-to-mobile Channels[J]. IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,2009,8(9):4824-4835.
[42]Zajic A., Stuber G.. Statistical Properties of Wideband MIMO Mobile-to-mobile Channels[C]. IEEE Wireless Communication Networking Conference(WCNC 2008), USA: Nevada, April,2008,763-768.
[43]Patzold M., Hogstad B., Yousset N.. Modeling Analysis and Simulation of MIMO Mobile-to-mobile Fading Channels[J]. IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,2008,56(3): 510-520.
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