高边坡在降雨条件下的稳定性分析
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摘要
边坡的稳定性分析一直是岩土工程中重要的研究内容之一。近年来,边坡的变形失稳问题一直备受岩土工作者的关注。随着我国西部大开发战略的实施,有大批的水利工程、铁路、公路及城市等基础设施工程将不断涌现,这些工程中有许多边坡工程。因此研究边坡稳定性对整个国民经济的发展具有十分重要的意义。
根据有关资料统计,我国边坡的失稳问题大多数与降雨有关,特别是在暴雨过后,往往出现大量的滑坡、崩塌等边坡失稳问题,造成极其惨重的损失。本文主要研究强降雨入渗条件下高边坡的稳定性,根据工程地质条件及岩土的物理力学参数建立边坡数值分析的模型,运用ABAQUS软件分别就两种降雨工况下的边坡稳定性进行数值模拟,分析边坡的孔隙水压力场、位移场、应力场和塑性区的变化规律,再结合工程经验对边坡稳定性进行综合评判。
本论文的主要研究内容有：
(1)介绍影响边坡稳定性的主要因素以及滑坡的机理,提出了采用有限单元法解决边坡稳定性问题。
(2)介绍了非饱和渗流理论、边坡降雨入渗模型及岩土材料的弹塑性本构模型。阐述了渗流应力耦合理论及基本方程,介绍了ABAQUS软件模拟渗流应力耦合问题的方法与步骤。
(3)采用ABAQUS渗流应力耦合分析步,分两种工况分别研究边坡的孔隙压力场、饱和度分布规律、应力场、塑性区分布以及位移场,从而分析判断边坡的稳定性。
The slope stability analysis always is one of the important research content in geotechnical engineering field. In recent years, the slope failure problem has been received great attention from geotechnical workers. Along with the implementation of the western development strategy in our country, a large number of infrastructure project will constantly emerging, such as water conservancy project, railway project, highway project and city urban construction project etc. These projects exists many slope engineering. So the slope stability studying has the extremely vital significance to the entire national economy development.
According to relevant statistics, most of the instability problems of slope is relevant with rainfall in our country, especially after the rainstorm often happen a lot of landslide slope instability problems such as collapse, landslip etc. This thesis mainly research the high steep slope stability under the condition of rainfall infiltration. According to the engineering geological conditions and physical and mechanical parameters of side slope build up the numerical analysis model. Using ABAQUS software to simulate the slope stability under two rainfall conditions. And then analysis of slope pore pressure field, stress field and displacement field and change rules of plastic zone, combining engineering experience making a comprehensive evaluation on the slope stability.
The main research contents of the thesis as follows:
(1) Introducing the main factors of influencing slope stability and landslide mechanism, and the finite element method is proposed to solve the slope stability problems.
(2) Introducing unsaturated seepage theory, the slope rainfall model and rock materials of elastic-plastic constitutive model. Expounds the theory of coupled pore fluid flow and stress and their basic equations. Introducing the methods and steps of simulating coupled pore fluid flow and stress problem by ABAQUS.
(3)Studing the slope pore pressure field, saturation distributions, stress field and displacement field distribution and the plastic zone respectively in two rainfall intensity conditions by ABAQUS.
根据有关资料统计,我国边坡的失稳问题大多数与降雨有关,特别是在暴雨过后,往往出现大量的滑坡、崩塌等边坡失稳问题,造成极其惨重的损失。本文主要研究强降雨入渗条件下高边坡的稳定性,根据工程地质条件及岩土的物理力学参数建立边坡数值分析的模型,运用ABAQUS软件分别就两种降雨工况下的边坡稳定性进行数值模拟,分析边坡的孔隙水压力场、位移场、应力场和塑性区的变化规律,再结合工程经验对边坡稳定性进行综合评判。
本论文的主要研究内容有：
(1)介绍影响边坡稳定性的主要因素以及滑坡的机理,提出了采用有限单元法解决边坡稳定性问题。
(2)介绍了非饱和渗流理论、边坡降雨入渗模型及岩土材料的弹塑性本构模型。阐述了渗流应力耦合理论及基本方程,介绍了ABAQUS软件模拟渗流应力耦合问题的方法与步骤。
(3)采用ABAQUS渗流应力耦合分析步,分两种工况分别研究边坡的孔隙压力场、饱和度分布规律、应力场、塑性区分布以及位移场,从而分析判断边坡的稳定性。
The slope stability analysis always is one of the important research content in geotechnical engineering field. In recent years, the slope failure problem has been received great attention from geotechnical workers. Along with the implementation of the western development strategy in our country, a large number of infrastructure project will constantly emerging, such as water conservancy project, railway project, highway project and city urban construction project etc. These projects exists many slope engineering. So the slope stability studying has the extremely vital significance to the entire national economy development.
According to relevant statistics, most of the instability problems of slope is relevant with rainfall in our country, especially after the rainstorm often happen a lot of landslide slope instability problems such as collapse, landslip etc. This thesis mainly research the high steep slope stability under the condition of rainfall infiltration. According to the engineering geological conditions and physical and mechanical parameters of side slope build up the numerical analysis model. Using ABAQUS software to simulate the slope stability under two rainfall conditions. And then analysis of slope pore pressure field, stress field and displacement field and change rules of plastic zone, combining engineering experience making a comprehensive evaluation on the slope stability.
The main research contents of the thesis as follows:
(1) Introducing the main factors of influencing slope stability and landslide mechanism, and the finite element method is proposed to solve the slope stability problems.
(2) Introducing unsaturated seepage theory, the slope rainfall model and rock materials of elastic-plastic constitutive model. Expounds the theory of coupled pore fluid flow and stress and their basic equations. Introducing the methods and steps of simulating coupled pore fluid flow and stress problem by ABAQUS.
(3)Studing the slope pore pressure field, saturation distributions, stress field and displacement field distribution and the plastic zone respectively in two rainfall intensity conditions by ABAQUS.
引文
[1]孙广忠.中国典型滑坡[M].北京：科学出版社,1998
[2]Ng C W W, Shi Q.A numerical investigation of the stability of unsaturated soil slopes subjected to transient seepage[J].Computers and Geotechnics,1998,22(1)
[3]姚海林,陈守义等.降雨入渗对非饱和膨胀土边坡稳定性影响的参数研究[J].岩土力学与工程学报,2002.21(7)
[4]朱文彬,刘宝琛.降雨条件下土体滑坡的有限元数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2002(4).
[5]刘展,祖景平,钱英莉等编著ABAQUS6.6基础教程与实例详解.北京：中国水利水电出版社.
[6]王金昌,陈开页编著ABAQUS在土木工程中的应用.杭州：浙江大学出版社,2006.
[7]费康,张建伟编著ABAQUS在岩土工程中的应用.北京：中国水利水电出版社,2010.
[8]陈卫忠,伍国军,贾善坡著ABAQUS在隧道及地下工程中的应用.北京：中国水利水电出版社,2010.
[9]崔政权,李宁.边坡工程——理论与实践最新发展.北京：中国水利电力出版社,1999
[10]郑颖人,赵尚毅,时卫民等.边坡稳定性分析的一些进展.地下空间,2001,21(4)：263-271.
[11]张天宝著.土坡稳定分析与土工建筑物的边坡设计.成都：成都科技大学出版社,1987
[12]朱伯芳著.有限单元法原理与应用(第二版).北京：中国水利电力出版社,1998
[13]黄志全著.边坡工程非线性分析理论及应用.郑州：黄河水利出版社,2005.
[14]郑颖人,沈珠江,龚晓南著.广义塑性力学：岩土塑性力学原理.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[15]周建,谢新宇,胡敏云等译.岩土工程有限元分析：理论.北京：科学出版社,2010.
[16]陈仲颐,张在明,陈愈炯等译.非饱和土土力学.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1997.
[17]周家文,徐卫亚,邓俊晔等.降雨入渗条件下边坡稳定性分析.水利学报,2008,39(9)：1066-1072.
[18]高俊明,刘文生.边坡稳定性分析加固综述.中国新技术新产品,2008,10：85-87.
[19]严飞,詹美礼,速宝玉.饱和-非饱和渗流计算参数分析.长江科学院院报,2004,21(5)
[20]周桂云,李同春,金鹏飞.裂隙岩体边坡稳定性的渗流与应力耦合分析.水利水电科技进展,2006,26(5)：22-25.
[21]沈振中,林伟斌,杨海林.考虑降雨入渗的非连续性岩体边坡稳定分析.岩土力学,2006,27(2).
[22]郑颖人,赵尚毅,时卫民等.边坡稳定分析的一些进展.地下空间,2001,21(4)
[23]Mualem Y.A new model for predicating the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media[J]. Water Resource research,1976,12(3):145-154.
[24]Lumb P.Effect of rain stormon slope stability.Sym.on Hong Kong soils,1962:73-87.
[25]唐红梅,陈洪凯,关明芳.边坡渗流研究现状及趋势分析.重庆交通学院学报,2006,25(1)
[26]董羽蕙,幸华岩石稳定分析中的渗流模型与各参数的计算科学技术与工程2009.9(8),4709-4713
[27]徐晗,朱以文,蔡元奇等.降雨入渗条件下非饱和土边坡稳定分析.岩土力学,2005,26(12)
[28]张王洁,张华锋,林旦.降雨条件下边坡三维渗流场有限元法数值分析,水电能源科学.2008,26(5)
[29]Yongshan Wan.James Kwong.Shear strength of soils containing amorphous clay-size materials in a slow-moving landslide.Engineering Geology,2002,65:293-303.
[30]田仕明,董羽蕙.边坡在降雨条件下的稳定性分析,科学技术与工程.2010,8(24).
[31]Wen-Bing Wei,Three dimensional slope stability analysis and failure mechanism,Hong Kong,The Hong Kong polytechnic university,2008.
[32]Sung Eun Cho.Infiltration analysis to evaluate the surficial stability of two-layered slopes considering rainfall characteristics.Engineering Geology.2009,105:32-43.
[33]Jaehong Kim,Sangseom Jeong,Seongwan Park.Influence of rainfall-induced wetting on the stability of slopes in weathered soils.Engineering Geology.2004,75:251-262.
[34]YANG Weimin,Wu Shuren,ZHANG Yoongshuang.Research on Formation Mechanism of the Debris Flow on Slope Induced by Rainfall.EARTH SCIENCE FRONTIERS,2007,14(6):197-204.
[35]F.Cai,K.Ugai,A.Wakai.Effects of horizontal drains on slope stability under rainfall by three-dimensional finite element analysis.Computers and Geotechnics,1998,23:255-275.
[36]Ya-Fen Lee,Yun-Yao Chi.Rainfall-induced landslide risk at Lushan,Taiwan.Engineering Geology,2011.
[37]S.W.C.Au.Rain-induced slope instability in Hong Kong.Engineering Geology,1998,51:1-36.
[38]J.Zhang,J.J.Jiao,J.Yang.In situ rainfall infiltration studies at a hillside in Hubei Province,China.Engineering Geology,2000,57:31-38.
[39]J.R.Blake, J.-P.Renaud,M.G.Anderson.Prediction of rainfall-induced transient water pressure head behind a retaining wall using a high-resolution finite element model.Computers and Geotechnics,2003,30:431-442.
[40]J.M.Gasmo,H.Rahardjo,E.C.Leong.Infiltration effects on stability of a residual soil slope.Computers and Geotechnics,2000,26:145-165.
[41]S.E.Cho,S.R.Lee.Instability of unsaturated soil slopes due to infiltration.Computers and Geotechnics,2001,28:185-208.
[42]Won Taek Oh,Sai K.Vanapalli.Influence of rain infiltration on the stability of compacted soil slopes.Computers and Geotechnics,2010,37:649-657.
[43]HUANG Runqiu,Wu Lizhou.Stability analysis of unsaturated expansive soil slope.Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(6):129-133.
[44]朱向荣,王金昌ABAQUS软件中部分土模型简介及其工程应用.岩土力学,2004,25.
[45]戴自航,沈蒲生.莫尔-库仑等面积圆屈服准则的简化形式及应用.福州大学学报,2003,31(4).
[46]张鲁渝,刘东升,时卫民.扩展广义Drucker-Prager屈服准则在边坡稳定分析中的应用.岩土工程学报,2003,25(2).
[47]杨学堂,王飞.岩体本构模型研究方法及评价.岩土工程技术,2004,18(4).
[48]郑颖人,陈瑜瑶,段建立.广义塑性力学的加卸载准则与土的本构模型.岩土力学,2000,21(4).
[49]殷宗泽.土体本构模型剖析.岩土工程学报,1996,18(4).
[50]郑颖人.关于岩土塑性的几点认识GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING FIELD,2006,5 (4):14-16.
[51]韦立德,杨春和,徐卫亚.岩石统计渗流模型和统计损伤本构模型研究岩土力学,2004,25(10).
[52]姚仰平,路德春,周安楠.岩土类材料的变换应力空间及其应用.岩土工程学报,2005,27(1).
[53]张彬,王钊,彭亚明.土本构模型研究的现状及展望.桂林工学院学报,2003,23(3).
[54]杨光华,李广信.岩土本构模型的数学基础与广义位势理论.岩土力学,2002,23(5).
[55]董羽蕙,冷竹欣,冯燕盐津桥水库右坝肩下游岩体稳定与工程加固昆明理工大学学报(理工版)2004.29(6),77-81
[2]Ng C W W, Shi Q.A numerical investigation of the stability of unsaturated soil slopes subjected to transient seepage[J].Computers and Geotechnics,1998,22(1)
[3]姚海林,陈守义等.降雨入渗对非饱和膨胀土边坡稳定性影响的参数研究[J].岩土力学与工程学报,2002.21(7)
[4]朱文彬,刘宝琛.降雨条件下土体滑坡的有限元数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2002(4).
[5]刘展,祖景平,钱英莉等编著ABAQUS6.6基础教程与实例详解.北京：中国水利水电出版社.
[6]王金昌,陈开页编著ABAQUS在土木工程中的应用.杭州：浙江大学出版社,2006.
[7]费康,张建伟编著ABAQUS在岩土工程中的应用.北京：中国水利水电出版社,2010.
[8]陈卫忠,伍国军,贾善坡著ABAQUS在隧道及地下工程中的应用.北京：中国水利水电出版社,2010.
[9]崔政权,李宁.边坡工程——理论与实践最新发展.北京：中国水利电力出版社,1999
[10]郑颖人,赵尚毅,时卫民等.边坡稳定性分析的一些进展.地下空间,2001,21(4)：263-271.
[11]张天宝著.土坡稳定分析与土工建筑物的边坡设计.成都：成都科技大学出版社,1987
[12]朱伯芳著.有限单元法原理与应用(第二版).北京：中国水利电力出版社,1998
[13]黄志全著.边坡工程非线性分析理论及应用.郑州：黄河水利出版社,2005.
[14]郑颖人,沈珠江,龚晓南著.广义塑性力学：岩土塑性力学原理.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[15]周建,谢新宇,胡敏云等译.岩土工程有限元分析：理论.北京：科学出版社,2010.
[16]陈仲颐,张在明,陈愈炯等译.非饱和土土力学.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1997.
[17]周家文,徐卫亚,邓俊晔等.降雨入渗条件下边坡稳定性分析.水利学报,2008,39(9)：1066-1072.
[18]高俊明,刘文生.边坡稳定性分析加固综述.中国新技术新产品,2008,10：85-87.
[19]严飞,詹美礼,速宝玉.饱和-非饱和渗流计算参数分析.长江科学院院报,2004,21(5)
[20]周桂云,李同春,金鹏飞.裂隙岩体边坡稳定性的渗流与应力耦合分析.水利水电科技进展,2006,26(5)：22-25.
[21]沈振中,林伟斌,杨海林.考虑降雨入渗的非连续性岩体边坡稳定分析.岩土力学,2006,27(2).
[22]郑颖人,赵尚毅,时卫民等.边坡稳定分析的一些进展.地下空间,2001,21(4)
[23]Mualem Y.A new model for predicating the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media[J]. Water Resource research,1976,12(3):145-154.
[24]Lumb P.Effect of rain stormon slope stability.Sym.on Hong Kong soils,1962:73-87.
[25]唐红梅,陈洪凯,关明芳.边坡渗流研究现状及趋势分析.重庆交通学院学报,2006,25(1)
[26]董羽蕙,幸华岩石稳定分析中的渗流模型与各参数的计算科学技术与工程2009.9(8),4709-4713
[27]徐晗,朱以文,蔡元奇等.降雨入渗条件下非饱和土边坡稳定分析.岩土力学,2005,26(12)
[28]张王洁,张华锋,林旦.降雨条件下边坡三维渗流场有限元法数值分析,水电能源科学.2008,26(5)
[29]Yongshan Wan.James Kwong.Shear strength of soils containing amorphous clay-size materials in a slow-moving landslide.Engineering Geology,2002,65:293-303.
[30]田仕明,董羽蕙.边坡在降雨条件下的稳定性分析,科学技术与工程.2010,8(24).
[31]Wen-Bing Wei,Three dimensional slope stability analysis and failure mechanism,Hong Kong,The Hong Kong polytechnic university,2008.
[32]Sung Eun Cho.Infiltration analysis to evaluate the surficial stability of two-layered slopes considering rainfall characteristics.Engineering Geology.2009,105:32-43.
[33]Jaehong Kim,Sangseom Jeong,Seongwan Park.Influence of rainfall-induced wetting on the stability of slopes in weathered soils.Engineering Geology.2004,75:251-262.
[34]YANG Weimin,Wu Shuren,ZHANG Yoongshuang.Research on Formation Mechanism of the Debris Flow on Slope Induced by Rainfall.EARTH SCIENCE FRONTIERS,2007,14(6):197-204.
[35]F.Cai,K.Ugai,A.Wakai.Effects of horizontal drains on slope stability under rainfall by three-dimensional finite element analysis.Computers and Geotechnics,1998,23:255-275.
[36]Ya-Fen Lee,Yun-Yao Chi.Rainfall-induced landslide risk at Lushan,Taiwan.Engineering Geology,2011.
[37]S.W.C.Au.Rain-induced slope instability in Hong Kong.Engineering Geology,1998,51:1-36.
[38]J.Zhang,J.J.Jiao,J.Yang.In situ rainfall infiltration studies at a hillside in Hubei Province,China.Engineering Geology,2000,57:31-38.
[39]J.R.Blake, J.-P.Renaud,M.G.Anderson.Prediction of rainfall-induced transient water pressure head behind a retaining wall using a high-resolution finite element model.Computers and Geotechnics,2003,30:431-442.
[40]J.M.Gasmo,H.Rahardjo,E.C.Leong.Infiltration effects on stability of a residual soil slope.Computers and Geotechnics,2000,26:145-165.
[41]S.E.Cho,S.R.Lee.Instability of unsaturated soil slopes due to infiltration.Computers and Geotechnics,2001,28:185-208.
[42]Won Taek Oh,Sai K.Vanapalli.Influence of rain infiltration on the stability of compacted soil slopes.Computers and Geotechnics,2010,37:649-657.
[43]HUANG Runqiu,Wu Lizhou.Stability analysis of unsaturated expansive soil slope.Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(6):129-133.
[44]朱向荣,王金昌ABAQUS软件中部分土模型简介及其工程应用.岩土力学,2004,25.
[45]戴自航,沈蒲生.莫尔-库仑等面积圆屈服准则的简化形式及应用.福州大学学报,2003,31(4).
[46]张鲁渝,刘东升,时卫民.扩展广义Drucker-Prager屈服准则在边坡稳定分析中的应用.岩土工程学报,2003,25(2).
[47]杨学堂,王飞.岩体本构模型研究方法及评价.岩土工程技术,2004,18(4).
[48]郑颖人,陈瑜瑶,段建立.广义塑性力学的加卸载准则与土的本构模型.岩土力学,2000,21(4).
[49]殷宗泽.土体本构模型剖析.岩土工程学报,1996,18(4).
[50]郑颖人.关于岩土塑性的几点认识GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING FIELD,2006,5 (4):14-16.
[51]韦立德,杨春和,徐卫亚.岩石统计渗流模型和统计损伤本构模型研究岩土力学,2004,25(10).
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