裂隙表面几何形态对裂隙介质力学、水力学特性的影响规律研究
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摘要
单裂隙介质的力学、水力学、水-力耦合问题是岩体工程中的基本科学问题，不同尺度条件下裂隙介质有着不同的工程特性，在表征体元(RVE)尺度下裂隙的力学、渗流与水-力耦合特性主要受裂隙表面几何形态影响，其工程性质与断层、节理等长大裂隙有明显不同。本论文试图从对裂隙的三维几何形态进行细观离散化入手，利用随机分形函数描述裂隙介质细观几何形态，通过修正三维粗糙度表征理论提出了3个参数表征裂隙面粗糙性，探索研究了裂隙粗糙度对RVE尺度裂隙的力学与渗流特性以及水-力耦合机理与关系的影响规律。本文的主要工作如下：
1．利用随机分形函数的分形变量λ、D分别描述几何形态的一级起伏度与高次起伏度，表征裂隙介质细观几何形态与细观几何参量；在修正三维粗糙度表征理论中缺乏裂隙几何形态与力学联系的基础上，提出了分别表征裂隙介质的平均倾斜角、有效倾斜角、倾斜角的不均匀系数的三维表面粗糙度参数JRC、三维剪切方向的平均倾斜角θ'_s，表观各项异性系数k'_α；分析探讨了粗糙度与分形参数的关系以及裂隙细观隙宽分布与裂隙粗糙度的关系。
2．基于细观变形机制，在裂隙介质三维几何形态细观离散化表征的基础上，定义了裂隙介质的细观机械隙宽，并将裂隙介质的变形过程简化假定为一系列裂隙离散细观点的两棱锥顶点接触变形行为。在假定细观变形行为方式的基础上，推导了裂隙介质在弹性条件下的细观机械隙宽与细观法向变形、剪切变形的关系；提出了基于裂隙细观变形机理的宏观力学行为的数值模拟方法，并运用本模拟方法研究了粗糙度对裂隙介质的法向变形、剪胀剪切变形、不剪胀剪切变形力学性质的影响。
3．将裂隙介质的渗流过程假定为水在相互连通的一系列细观水力隙宽不等的有限长光滑平板裂隙中流动，提出了基于裂隙细观渗流模型的宏观渗流过程的数值模拟方法。并应用本模型研究了不同粗糙度裂隙在不同闭合面积比下对裂隙渗流中水力梯度、流量、与流线矢量场的影响规律。
4．运用本文提出的基于裂隙细观力学与渗流模型的宏观变形与渗流过程的数值模拟方法，进行了RVE尺度下裂隙介质不同粗糙度下裂隙介质水-力耦合机理数值试验研究。提出了法向变形、不同形式的剪切变形下水-力耦合的规律。通过基于细观变形与渗流机理的数值试验成果，反推表征裂隙宏观力学与渗流特性的综合机械隙宽与综合水力隙宽，结合裂隙介质水-力耦合数值试验成果拟合，建立了裂隙法向变形、剪胀剪切、不剪胀剪切过程的水-力耦合中综合机械隙宽、综合水力隙宽与粗糙度的关系公式。
It is fundamental scientific problem subjected to the engineering properties of the fracture rocks that researching the coupling hydro-mechanics of the single rocks fracture. Different dimension fracture have different engineering properties Under the dimension scale of RVE(Represent Volume Element), the morphology of rock fracture is play a important role in the mechanics, hydrology and coupled HM(Hydro-mechanics) of rock fracture. In this paper, it is main works that research the morphology of fracture effect on the mechanics, hydrology, coupled HM of single rock fracture by numerical stimulating method. Firstly, these studies carry out the random fractal math theory and the GIS-DEM technical to simulating and describing the 3D morphology of rock fracture by mesh discretion. Then this study revises T.Belem's theory to present a new method of simulating the roughness of rock fracture. Secondly, based on the effect on the morphology of rock fracture during mechanics and hydrology, this study establish the math model of compression and shear's deform and the revised cubic law of rock fracture by the view of semi-micro scopes. Then it use this model and the technical of GIS-DEM and FEM to connecting between morphology and mechanics or hydrology of rock fracture in macroscopic view and to put forward the method for simulating the coupling mechanics and hydrology of macroscopic rock fracture under the dimension scale of RVE. At last, this paper research the roughness of rock fracture effect on the coupling mechanics and hydrology by numerical test, then generalize the rule and formula for the contribution of the morphology of rock fracture to the coupling mechanics of hydro-mechanics in fracture. The main achievements are as follows:
1. By referencing the random fractal math theory- Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function and using the simulating and analyzing technical of the 3D terrain(GIS-DEM), this study put forward the method of numerical simulating and analyzing the 3D surface and aperture of rock fracture. Based on T.Belem's theory, this study simplify and revise the 3D surface angularityθ_s, the apparent anisotropy of the surface Ka and the surface Z2 parameter Z 2_s, then bring forward to applying the roughness coefficient of 3D surface JRC, the 3D surface average angularity in shear orientationθ'_s and the apparent anisotropy of the surfaceκ'_αto numerical simulating the roughness of rock fracture surface. At last, this study discusses the relationship between the roughness coefficient of 3D surface J-RC and the fractal dimensionλ、D and put forward the math function of the relationship for the aperture distribution, the roughness of fracture surface and the rate of closure area.
2. Based on Hertzian and Bushan's contact mechanics between globe and plate, it applied this theory to establish the semi-micro relation function between compression and normal deform (between shear stress and shear deform) for the sake of simulating the effect on the morphology of rock fracture during mechanics and seepage. Then, this study in macroscopic view research the roughness effect on the normal deform and shear deform of rock fracture, the relationship between the morphology and mechanics of rock fracture, the roughness influence in semi-micro mechanics under expand and un-expand of shear loading manner.
3. This study establish the math model of the revised cubic law of rock fracture and local head loss by the view of semi-micro scopes. Then it use this model and the technical of GIS-DEM and FEM to simulating the influence of the morphology of rock fracture for the head, the flux, the flow vector of flowing in fracture under the dimension scale of RVE.
4. This study use this model and the technical of GIS-DEM and FEM to connecting between morphology and mechanics or seepage of rock fracture in macroscopic view and to put forward the method for simulating the coupling mechanics and hydrology of macroscopic rock fracture under the dimension scale of RVE. Based on the above, this paper research the roughness of rock fracture effect on the coupling mechanics and hydrology by numerical test, then generalize the rule and formula for the contribution of the morphology of rock fracture to the coupling mechanics of hydro-mechanics in fracture.
1．利用随机分形函数的分形变量λ、D分别描述几何形态的一级起伏度与高次起伏度，表征裂隙介质细观几何形态与细观几何参量；在修正三维粗糙度表征理论中缺乏裂隙几何形态与力学联系的基础上，提出了分别表征裂隙介质的平均倾斜角、有效倾斜角、倾斜角的不均匀系数的三维表面粗糙度参数JRC、三维剪切方向的平均倾斜角θ'_s，表观各项异性系数k'_α；分析探讨了粗糙度与分形参数的关系以及裂隙细观隙宽分布与裂隙粗糙度的关系。
2．基于细观变形机制，在裂隙介质三维几何形态细观离散化表征的基础上，定义了裂隙介质的细观机械隙宽，并将裂隙介质的变形过程简化假定为一系列裂隙离散细观点的两棱锥顶点接触变形行为。在假定细观变形行为方式的基础上，推导了裂隙介质在弹性条件下的细观机械隙宽与细观法向变形、剪切变形的关系；提出了基于裂隙细观变形机理的宏观力学行为的数值模拟方法，并运用本模拟方法研究了粗糙度对裂隙介质的法向变形、剪胀剪切变形、不剪胀剪切变形力学性质的影响。
3．将裂隙介质的渗流过程假定为水在相互连通的一系列细观水力隙宽不等的有限长光滑平板裂隙中流动，提出了基于裂隙细观渗流模型的宏观渗流过程的数值模拟方法。并应用本模型研究了不同粗糙度裂隙在不同闭合面积比下对裂隙渗流中水力梯度、流量、与流线矢量场的影响规律。
4．运用本文提出的基于裂隙细观力学与渗流模型的宏观变形与渗流过程的数值模拟方法，进行了RVE尺度下裂隙介质不同粗糙度下裂隙介质水-力耦合机理数值试验研究。提出了法向变形、不同形式的剪切变形下水-力耦合的规律。通过基于细观变形与渗流机理的数值试验成果，反推表征裂隙宏观力学与渗流特性的综合机械隙宽与综合水力隙宽，结合裂隙介质水-力耦合数值试验成果拟合，建立了裂隙法向变形、剪胀剪切、不剪胀剪切过程的水-力耦合中综合机械隙宽、综合水力隙宽与粗糙度的关系公式。
It is fundamental scientific problem subjected to the engineering properties of the fracture rocks that researching the coupling hydro-mechanics of the single rocks fracture. Different dimension fracture have different engineering properties Under the dimension scale of RVE(Represent Volume Element), the morphology of rock fracture is play a important role in the mechanics, hydrology and coupled HM(Hydro-mechanics) of rock fracture. In this paper, it is main works that research the morphology of fracture effect on the mechanics, hydrology, coupled HM of single rock fracture by numerical stimulating method. Firstly, these studies carry out the random fractal math theory and the GIS-DEM technical to simulating and describing the 3D morphology of rock fracture by mesh discretion. Then this study revises T.Belem's theory to present a new method of simulating the roughness of rock fracture. Secondly, based on the effect on the morphology of rock fracture during mechanics and hydrology, this study establish the math model of compression and shear's deform and the revised cubic law of rock fracture by the view of semi-micro scopes. Then it use this model and the technical of GIS-DEM and FEM to connecting between morphology and mechanics or hydrology of rock fracture in macroscopic view and to put forward the method for simulating the coupling mechanics and hydrology of macroscopic rock fracture under the dimension scale of RVE. At last, this paper research the roughness of rock fracture effect on the coupling mechanics and hydrology by numerical test, then generalize the rule and formula for the contribution of the morphology of rock fracture to the coupling mechanics of hydro-mechanics in fracture. The main achievements are as follows:
1. By referencing the random fractal math theory- Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function and using the simulating and analyzing technical of the 3D terrain(GIS-DEM), this study put forward the method of numerical simulating and analyzing the 3D surface and aperture of rock fracture. Based on T.Belem's theory, this study simplify and revise the 3D surface angularityθ_s, the apparent anisotropy of the surface Ka and the surface Z2 parameter Z 2_s, then bring forward to applying the roughness coefficient of 3D surface JRC, the 3D surface average angularity in shear orientationθ'_s and the apparent anisotropy of the surfaceκ'_αto numerical simulating the roughness of rock fracture surface. At last, this study discusses the relationship between the roughness coefficient of 3D surface J-RC and the fractal dimensionλ、D and put forward the math function of the relationship for the aperture distribution, the roughness of fracture surface and the rate of closure area.
2. Based on Hertzian and Bushan's contact mechanics between globe and plate, it applied this theory to establish the semi-micro relation function between compression and normal deform (between shear stress and shear deform) for the sake of simulating the effect on the morphology of rock fracture during mechanics and seepage. Then, this study in macroscopic view research the roughness effect on the normal deform and shear deform of rock fracture, the relationship between the morphology and mechanics of rock fracture, the roughness influence in semi-micro mechanics under expand and un-expand of shear loading manner.
3. This study establish the math model of the revised cubic law of rock fracture and local head loss by the view of semi-micro scopes. Then it use this model and the technical of GIS-DEM and FEM to simulating the influence of the morphology of rock fracture for the head, the flux, the flow vector of flowing in fracture under the dimension scale of RVE.
4. This study use this model and the technical of GIS-DEM and FEM to connecting between morphology and mechanics or seepage of rock fracture in macroscopic view and to put forward the method for simulating the coupling mechanics and hydrology of macroscopic rock fracture under the dimension scale of RVE. Based on the above, this paper research the roughness of rock fracture effect on the coupling mechanics and hydrology by numerical test, then generalize the rule and formula for the contribution of the morphology of rock fracture to the coupling mechanics of hydro-mechanics in fracture.
引文
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