推力轴承三维热弹流润滑性能及其振动噪声特性研究
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摘要
推力轴承作为承受轴向重载旋转机械的核心部件之一,其工作性能优劣直接影响到机组的稳定运行和工作效率。对于特殊工作环境,还要求推力轴承不仅具有良好的润滑性能,而且必须保证振动噪声水平在合理的范围之内。本文以具有代表性的水轮发电机组立式推力轴承和船舶推进轴系卧式推力轴承为研究对象,建立对各种结构型式的推力轴承通用的三维热弹流动力润滑性能和油膜动特性计算模型,并在此基础上研究船用推力轴承的振动传递和噪声辐射特性。论文主要包括以下四个方面内容：
(1)以推力轴承系统为研究对象,在综合考虑流体动力润滑、热效应和热弹变形影响的基础上,建立了由广义雷诺方程、油膜能量方程、油膜厚度方程、润滑油粘温方程、固体热传导方程和固体热弹变形方程等构成的推力轴承三维热弹流动力润滑性能计算的理论模型,并详细介绍了该理论模型的数值计算方法。
(2)基于上述理论模型,对三峡小支柱簇双层瓦和抽水蓄能机组双向推力轴承进行了系统的理论研究,并通过在哈尔滨大电机研究所3000吨推力轴承试验台上得到的试验结果对理论模型的可靠性进行了验证。
(3)同时采用二维和三维热弹流动力润滑模型对船用推力轴承润滑性能进行了研究,通过对比验证了二维模型的计算精度,在此基础上采用一阶泰勒级数法对二维雷诺方程进行求解得到推力轴承的轴向动特性系数。
(4)建立了船用推力轴承系统的有限元和边界元计算模型,分析了支承结构的动特性和结构阻尼比等关键参数对船用推力轴承振动和壳体噪声辐射特性的影响。
总体来看,论文综合采用理论分析和试验研究方法,对水轮发电机组推力轴承和船用推力轴承的润滑性能进行了深入的研究,同时通过有限元和边界元法对船用推力轴承的振动传递和噪声辐射特性进行了评价。
As one of the key components in rotating machinery with axial heavy load, the performance of thrust bearings directly affect the stability and efficiency of the unit. As for special working environment, not only good lubrication performance, but also reasonable vibration and noise level are required. Taking the representative vertical thrust bearings in hydraulic generator set and horizontal thrust bearings in ship propulsion shafting as the research object of this thesis, universal three dimensional thermo-elasto-hydro-dynamic (TEHD) model and oil film dynamic characteristics calculation model for thrust bearings with kinds of structural types were set up. On this basis, the transmission of vibration and noise radiation characteristics of the marine thrust bearings were also studied. The major contents of this thesis consist of the following four aspects:
First, taking the thrust bearing system as the research object, on the basis of comprehensively considering the influence of hydrodynamic lubrication, thermal effects and thermoelastic deformations, a three dimensional TEHD model consisting of generalized Reynolds equation, energy equation of oil film, oil film thickness equation, viscosity-temperature equation lubricating oil, solid-state heat conduction equation and solid thermoelastic deformation equation was established. At the same time, the numerical calculation method for the theoretical model was introduced in detail.
Second, based on the above theoretical model, a detailed theoretical analysis of the thrust bearings with pins and double layer system used in the Three Gorges hydroelectric generators, as well as the bidirectional thrust bearings used in pump-turbines, was carried out. Meanwhile, experimental results were obtained from the HEC (Harbin Electric Machinery Co. Ltd.)3000ton thrust bearing test rig, in order to provide an evidence of validation of the three dimensional TEHD model set up in this thesis.
Third, both two dimensional and three dimensional TEHD model were adopted to study the lubrication performance of marine thrust bearings, in order to verify the calculation accuracy of two dimensional model by comparison. And then first-order Taylor series method was employed to solve two dimensional Reynolds equation to obtain axial dynamic coefficients of marine thrust bearings.
Fourth, the finite element and boundary element models of marine thrust bearing system were set up to analyze the influence of key parameters including dynamic characteristics of supporting structure and structural damping ratio on vibration and shell noise radiation characteristics of marine thrust bearings.
Overall, theoretical analysis and experimental research methods were employed comprehensively to conduct in-depth research on the lubrication performance of thrust bearings used in hydroelectric generators and marine. Finite element method and boundary element method were also employed to evaluate the vibration transmission and noise radiation characteristics of marine thrust bearings.
(1)以推力轴承系统为研究对象,在综合考虑流体动力润滑、热效应和热弹变形影响的基础上,建立了由广义雷诺方程、油膜能量方程、油膜厚度方程、润滑油粘温方程、固体热传导方程和固体热弹变形方程等构成的推力轴承三维热弹流动力润滑性能计算的理论模型,并详细介绍了该理论模型的数值计算方法。
(2)基于上述理论模型,对三峡小支柱簇双层瓦和抽水蓄能机组双向推力轴承进行了系统的理论研究,并通过在哈尔滨大电机研究所3000吨推力轴承试验台上得到的试验结果对理论模型的可靠性进行了验证。
(3)同时采用二维和三维热弹流动力润滑模型对船用推力轴承润滑性能进行了研究,通过对比验证了二维模型的计算精度,在此基础上采用一阶泰勒级数法对二维雷诺方程进行求解得到推力轴承的轴向动特性系数。
(4)建立了船用推力轴承系统的有限元和边界元计算模型,分析了支承结构的动特性和结构阻尼比等关键参数对船用推力轴承振动和壳体噪声辐射特性的影响。
总体来看,论文综合采用理论分析和试验研究方法,对水轮发电机组推力轴承和船用推力轴承的润滑性能进行了深入的研究,同时通过有限元和边界元法对船用推力轴承的振动传递和噪声辐射特性进行了评价。
As one of the key components in rotating machinery with axial heavy load, the performance of thrust bearings directly affect the stability and efficiency of the unit. As for special working environment, not only good lubrication performance, but also reasonable vibration and noise level are required. Taking the representative vertical thrust bearings in hydraulic generator set and horizontal thrust bearings in ship propulsion shafting as the research object of this thesis, universal three dimensional thermo-elasto-hydro-dynamic (TEHD) model and oil film dynamic characteristics calculation model for thrust bearings with kinds of structural types were set up. On this basis, the transmission of vibration and noise radiation characteristics of the marine thrust bearings were also studied. The major contents of this thesis consist of the following four aspects:
First, taking the thrust bearing system as the research object, on the basis of comprehensively considering the influence of hydrodynamic lubrication, thermal effects and thermoelastic deformations, a three dimensional TEHD model consisting of generalized Reynolds equation, energy equation of oil film, oil film thickness equation, viscosity-temperature equation lubricating oil, solid-state heat conduction equation and solid thermoelastic deformation equation was established. At the same time, the numerical calculation method for the theoretical model was introduced in detail.
Second, based on the above theoretical model, a detailed theoretical analysis of the thrust bearings with pins and double layer system used in the Three Gorges hydroelectric generators, as well as the bidirectional thrust bearings used in pump-turbines, was carried out. Meanwhile, experimental results were obtained from the HEC (Harbin Electric Machinery Co. Ltd.)3000ton thrust bearing test rig, in order to provide an evidence of validation of the three dimensional TEHD model set up in this thesis.
Third, both two dimensional and three dimensional TEHD model were adopted to study the lubrication performance of marine thrust bearings, in order to verify the calculation accuracy of two dimensional model by comparison. And then first-order Taylor series method was employed to solve two dimensional Reynolds equation to obtain axial dynamic coefficients of marine thrust bearings.
Fourth, the finite element and boundary element models of marine thrust bearing system were set up to analyze the influence of key parameters including dynamic characteristics of supporting structure and structural damping ratio on vibration and shell noise radiation characteristics of marine thrust bearings.
Overall, theoretical analysis and experimental research methods were employed comprehensively to conduct in-depth research on the lubrication performance of thrust bearings used in hydroelectric generators and marine. Finite element method and boundary element method were also employed to evaluate the vibration transmission and noise radiation characteristics of marine thrust bearings.
引文
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