基于显式动力学有限元的中厚板粗轧头部翘曲的研究
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摘要
中厚板是国民经济发展必需的重要产品,为了提高中厚板的产品质量与性能,我国很多中厚板厂对一些落后的设备进行了更新。然而,伴随着设备的更新和改造也出现了一些问题,特别突出的问题之一是轧制过程中出现轧件头部弯曲的问题。轧件头部弯曲会导致成材率降低、产品质量、产量下降等问题。引起轧件头部弯曲的根本原因是由于轧制时轧件上下部的不对称轧制,引起不对称轧制过程的因素很多,比如轧件上下表面温度差、上下接触面不同的摩擦系数、上下轧辊不同的转速、不同的半径等。在实际轧制过程中,这些影响因素往往交织在一起,使带钢头部翘曲规律变得更加复杂。
本文采用显示动力学有限元软件来模拟中厚板非对称轧制变形过程中的头部弯曲问题。通过建立轧件头部弯曲物理模型,对影响轧件头部弯曲的因素进行分析,揭示出了上下轧辊辊径比、上下轧辊辊速比、轧件上下表面温度差、摩擦系数等因素和头部弯曲之间的关系,为轧制工艺制度的制定提供了依据。利用有限元分析不仅方便而且效率高,在很大程度上节约了成本。
Plate is an important product which is essential for the national economy development. In recent years, a lot of plate factories in our country have carried on renewal of their outmoded equipments to enhance their products' quality and function. However, following the upgrade of the apparatus some questions have appeared, one of the most outstanding problems is the bending on the heads of the work-pieces. It will cause such questions as diminishing productivity and reducing the products' quality and outputs. In essence, the reason of the bending on the heads of the work-pieces is that the rolling asymmetry of the upper and lower departments while rolling. The factors that cause dissymmetric rolling is numerous, such as different temperatures between upper and lower surface of work-Piece, different friction conditions on the surface of the upper and lower rollers, different linear velocity of the upper and lower rollers, different diameters of the upper and lower rollers and so on. In the actual rolling process, these factors often interweave together, make the head warping more complicated.
This dissertation carried the dynamic explicit finite element software which performed the bending on heads of the dissymmetrical work-pieces. This article analyzed the factors which influenced bending on the heads of the work-pieces by setting up the physical modal of bending on the heads of the plate and found out the relation between the factors, such as, different diameters of roller, velocity of roller, different temperature between upper and lower surfaces of the plate, friction conditions on the surface between the plate and roller, and bending on the heads of the plate, then it offered the basis for formulation of the rolling craft system. It will be facility, enhance efficiency and save the cost of production by using the dynamic explicit finite element software.
本文采用显示动力学有限元软件来模拟中厚板非对称轧制变形过程中的头部弯曲问题。通过建立轧件头部弯曲物理模型,对影响轧件头部弯曲的因素进行分析,揭示出了上下轧辊辊径比、上下轧辊辊速比、轧件上下表面温度差、摩擦系数等因素和头部弯曲之间的关系,为轧制工艺制度的制定提供了依据。利用有限元分析不仅方便而且效率高,在很大程度上节约了成本。
Plate is an important product which is essential for the national economy development. In recent years, a lot of plate factories in our country have carried on renewal of their outmoded equipments to enhance their products' quality and function. However, following the upgrade of the apparatus some questions have appeared, one of the most outstanding problems is the bending on the heads of the work-pieces. It will cause such questions as diminishing productivity and reducing the products' quality and outputs. In essence, the reason of the bending on the heads of the work-pieces is that the rolling asymmetry of the upper and lower departments while rolling. The factors that cause dissymmetric rolling is numerous, such as different temperatures between upper and lower surface of work-Piece, different friction conditions on the surface of the upper and lower rollers, different linear velocity of the upper and lower rollers, different diameters of the upper and lower rollers and so on. In the actual rolling process, these factors often interweave together, make the head warping more complicated.
This dissertation carried the dynamic explicit finite element software which performed the bending on heads of the dissymmetrical work-pieces. This article analyzed the factors which influenced bending on the heads of the work-pieces by setting up the physical modal of bending on the heads of the plate and found out the relation between the factors, such as, different diameters of roller, velocity of roller, different temperature between upper and lower surfaces of the plate, friction conditions on the surface between the plate and roller, and bending on the heads of the plate, then it offered the basis for formulation of the rolling craft system. It will be facility, enhance efficiency and save the cost of production by using the dynamic explicit finite element software.
引文
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[6]Collins I F,Dewhurst P.A slip-line Fidld Analysis of Asymmetrical Hot Rolling.International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,1975(17):463-651.
[7]M.Ya.Brovman.lnvestigation of Loading of the Joint of Universal Mil Sprindles.Steel in Translation,1995,5(3):45-48.
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[2]程晓茹,胡衍生,李虎兴等,中厚板轧制轧件头部弯曲模拟计算[J].武汉科技大学学报(自然科学版),2001,24(3):228-300.
[3]陈彬.板带轧制头部弯曲控制的研究.[硕士学位论文].武汉科技大学.2003.
[4]W.Johnson,G.Needham.Further Experiments in Asymmetrical Rolling.International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,1966,8(3):443-455.
[5]Dewhurst P,Colling I F,Johnson W.A Theoretical and Expermental Investigation into Asymmetrical Hot Rolling.International of Mechanical Sciences,1974(16):389-397.
[6]Collins I F,Dewhurst P.A slip-line Fidld Analysis of Asymmetrical Hot Rolling.International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,1975(17):463-651.
[7]M.Ya.Brovman.lnvestigation of Loading of the Joint of Universal Mil Sprindles.Steel in Translation,1995,5(3):45-48.
[8]Shivpuri.R,Chou.P.C,Lsu.C.W.Finite element inverstigations of curling in non-symmetric rolling of flat stock,lnternational Journal of Mechanical Sciences,1988(30):625-635.
[9]Knight.C.W,Hardy.S.J.Investigations into the influence of asymmetric factor and rolling parameters on strip curvature during hot rolling[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2003(134):180-189.
[10]Lu.J.S,Harrer.O.K Schwenzfeier W,Fischer F D.Anlaysis of the bending of the rolling material in asymmetrical sheet rolling[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences.200(42):49-61.
[11]姜远军,李庆江,王刚.热轧时铝板带头部产生翘曲原因分析及预防[J]轻合金加工技术,2001,29(9):18-19.
[12]李学通,杜凤山,王敏婷等.热轧带钢头部翘曲有限元研究[J].重型机械,2004(3):41-44.
[13]李亮,杜凤山,郭振宇等.非对称板带热轧头部翘曲的分析与有限元模拟[J].冶金设备,2003,138(2):4-8.
[14]宋耀华,张羚,周佩等.预防中厚板轧制头部下扣途径探讨[J].轧钢,2001,18(1):19-22.
[15]程晓茹,胡衍生等,李虎兴等.中厚板轧制轧件头部弯曲预报模型[J].轧钢,2001,18(6):9-11.
[16]胡衍生,程晓茹,李虎兴等.中厚板轧制头部弯曲机理的探讨[J].钢铁,2003,39(6):28-31.
[17]胡衍生,程晓茹,李虎兴等.中厚板轧制头部弯曲的实验研究[J].武汉科技大学学报 (自然科学版),2003,26(1):3-5.
[18]胡衍生,程晓茹,李兴虎等.辊速差对轧件头部弯曲的影响[J].钢铁研究学报,2004,16(5):37-41.
[19]赵志业.金属塑性加工力学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1987,152-197.
[20]Dewhurst P,Collins IF,Johnson W.A class of slipline field solutions for the hot rolling of strip[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering Sciences,1973,15(6):439-447.
[21]王振范.上界法及其在塑性加工的应用[M],沈阳:东北工学院出版社,1997.
[22]王国栋.板形控制和板形理论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1986,289-350.
[23]申光宪,黄庆学,肖弘.弹塑性接触边界元法模拟轧制过程[J].工程力学,1992,9(3):136-142.
[24]Kemp I P.Model of deformation and heat transger in hot rolling of bars and sections[J].Ironmaking and Steel making,1990,17(2):139-143.
[25]刘相华.刚塑性有限元及其在轧制中的应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1994,7.
[26]Xiong S W,Liu X H,Wang G D,et al.Simulation of slab edging by the 3-D rigid -plastic FEM[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1997,69(1-3):37-44.
[27]熊尚武,刘相华,王国栋等.板坯调宽变形规律的有限元解析[J].钢铁,1997,32(5):39-43.
[28]熊尚武,刘相华,王国栋等.热带粗轧机组立辊轧制的变形规律[J].东北大学学报(自然科学学报),1997,18(1):72-76.
[29]熊尚武,刘相华,王国栋等.板坯稳态立轧时的三维刚塑性有限元模拟[J].钢铁研究学报,1998,10(2):23-28.
[30]孟凡中.弹塑性有限变形理论和有限元法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1985.
[31]Bath K J.Finite elements procedures in engineering analysis.Pnentice Hall,Englewood Cliffs,UJ,1982.
[32]乔端,钱仁根.非线性有限元法及其在塑性加工中的应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1990.
[33]刘立文.冷轧薄板金属三维变形规律的研究[博士学位论文].北京科技大学,1998.
[34]霍同如,徐秉业,宋军.板材成形有限元数值模拟的研究进展[J].力学进展,1996,26(3):379-388.
[35]Fukumura M,Fujikake M,fujita F,et al.Elasto-plastic finite element simulation of the flat rolling process by dynamic explicit method[A].In:Kiuchi M.Proceedings of the 7~(th)Internation Conference on Steel Rolling(STEEL ROLLING'98)[C].Chiba:the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan,1998,:260-265.
[36]卜勇力,刘才,赵文才,催振山,程存江.H型钢轧制过程三维弹塑性大变形有限元 模拟[J].钢铁研究学报.1999,11(4):22-25.
[37]周维海,臧新良,杜凤山,李殿中.板带热轧过程中温度场的三维热力耦合有限元模拟[J].钢铁研究学报.2001,6,13(6).
[38]朱光明,杜凤山,孙登月,周坚刚,朱泉封.板带轧制变形区内摩擦力分布的有限元模拟[J].冶金设备.2002,8,134(4).
[39]张国民,肖宏,谢红飙.板带轧制过程的三维耦合有限元分析[J].塑性工程学报.2004,11(5).
[40]刘立忠,刘相华,姜正义.利用显式动力学有限元模拟平板轧制过程[J].塑性工程学报.2001,8(1).
[41]刘立忠,刘相华,王国栋.轧制过程的显式动力学有限元模拟.东北大学学报(自然科学学报).2001,22(3).
[42]刘立忠,刘相华,王国栋。轧制过程的显式动力学有限元模拟.[J]力学与实践.2001,23.
[43]王艳文,康永林,余智勇,袁大焕,陈跃南.轧制方坯的三维弹塑性有限元研究[J].钢铁,200,35(2).
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