改良剂调控对海州香薷修复铜镉复合污染红壤的影响
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摘要
目前,土壤重金属污染的问题十分严重,尤其是土壤重金属的复合污染。Cu、Cd虽不是伴生重金属,但实际监测分析结果说明土壤中往往同时存在铜和镉的污染,且镉和过量的Cu均会对植物产生毒害。研究Cu、Cd之间复合污染以及利用耐心植物+改良剂的联合修复技术修复铜、镉复合污染红壤具有一定的理论意义。
本试验针对铜镉复合污染的酸性红壤,采用植物盆栽和种子萌发试验相结合的方法,运用二氧化钛和壳聚糖为改良剂联合海州香薷修复的组合修复技术,从海州香薷-红壤系统中重金属在根、茎、叶中的分布以及对植物的生长和生理生化指标(叶绿素、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、丙二醛)和土壤酶活性等方面,分析了不同铜镉处理和改良处理对海州香薷生长的影响,以及二氧化钛和壳聚糖联合海州香薷对铜镉复合污染红壤的改良效果。
主要研究结果如下:
1.发芽实验结果表明:铜镉污染对海州香薷种子的发芽随着Cu2+浓度升高,先升后降。CCu2+≤20mg/L时可以刺激海州香薷种子的发芽。CCu2+≥40mg/L时或Cu-Cd复合处理时对种苗苗长和根长有抑制作用,其中对根长影响最为显著。由铜镉污染对海州香薷萌发的综合评价,铜镉复合污染对海州香薷种子萌发的影响表现形式为铜、镉的协同作用。
2.不同改良处理铜镉复合污染对海州香薷生理生化的影响:
1)生物量、叶绿素、根活力、抗氧化系统酶和丙二醛等的分析表明:在不同改良处理的铜镉复合污染中,铜浓度低于200mg/kg时,壳聚糖和二氧化钛改良处理的铜镉复合污染红壤上的海州香薷生长情况更好些。
2)Cu的形态和海州香薷体内铜、镉积累分析表明:铜镉复合污染和单一铜污染均以铁锰氧化物结合态为主,其次是碳酸盐结合态和有机物结合态,可交换态和残渣态含量最少。不同铜镉处理和改良处理中,海州香薷体内铜的积累主要在根部,镉的积累在茎部。
3)土壤酶的活性分析表明:铜镉复合污染能刺激土壤蛋白酶、过氧化物酶、酸性磷酸酶和脲酶的活性。其中土壤过氧化物酶、酸性磷酸酶可作为判断无改良处理、二氧化钛改良处理和壳聚糖改良处理的铜镉复合污染红壤中Cu、Cd污染程度的主要生化指标。
At present, the problem of soil heavy metal pollution, especially combined pollution of heavy metals, was very serious. Cu, Cd, while not associated heavy metals, but the actual monitoring results showed that the soil often exist in copper and cadmium pollution, and little of cadmium,excessive levels of Cu are toxic to plants will be. Of Cu, Cd combined pollution and the use of Hyperaccumulator + conditioner repair technique to repair the joint copper, cadmium compound contamination in red has a certain theoretical significance.
The effect of heavy metal hyperaccumulating plant, Elsholtzia splendens. And chemically amendments on Cu-Cd contaminated red soil was studied by plant pot and seed germination experiments in this paper. The chemically amendment include the titanium dioxide and chitosan. Heavy metals content in plant and soils, trait index (biomass, chlorophyll, SOD, POD, MDA) in roots, stems and leaves of plant, and soil enzyme were analyzed to demonstrate the effect of the amendments.
The major findings were as follows:
1. The seed germination experimental results showed that: The seed germination rate first rose and then dropped which increased with the concentration of Cu2+ ,and the maximum seed germination rate appeared in the 20mg/L Cu2+ concentration. However, the prolongation of root and the seedling heights were restrained obviously under the copper and cadmium stress or CCu2+≥40mg/L. According to the combined effect of indicators, there was synergy between copper and cadmium under compound condition.
2. The effect on different physiological and biochemical characteristics of Cu-Cd combined pollution and a single copper pollution:
1) biomass, chlorophyll, root activity, anti-oxidation systems enzymes and MDA analysis shows that: composite copper and cadmium combined pollution of the red soil over a single copper pollution, a greater contribution to the growth of Elsholtzia splendens. Improved handling of different combined pollution of Cu and Cd, copper concentrations of less than 200mg/kg, the chitosan and titanium dioxide compound improved handling of the copper and cadmium in red soil pollution on the growth of Elsholtzia splendens better.
2) Copper speciation and Elsholtzia splendens copper and cadmium accumulation analysis showed that: composite copper and cadmium pollution and a single copper pollution were the main iron-manganese oxide bound, followed by the carbonate-bound and organic matter-bound, exchangeable and the residue content of at least. Elsholtzia splendens accumulation of copper in the body, mainly in the roots, cadmium accumulation in the stems.
3) The analysis showed that the activity of soil enzymes: copper and cadmium combined pollution can stimulate the combined pollution of soil protease, peroxidase, acid phosphatase and urease activity. Which the soil peroxidase, acid phosphatase could be used as non-amended handling, amended handling of titanium dioxide and chitosan of the copper and cadmium in red soil pollution, Cu and Cd key biochemical indicators of pollution levels.
本试验针对铜镉复合污染的酸性红壤,采用植物盆栽和种子萌发试验相结合的方法,运用二氧化钛和壳聚糖为改良剂联合海州香薷修复的组合修复技术,从海州香薷-红壤系统中重金属在根、茎、叶中的分布以及对植物的生长和生理生化指标(叶绿素、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、丙二醛)和土壤酶活性等方面,分析了不同铜镉处理和改良处理对海州香薷生长的影响,以及二氧化钛和壳聚糖联合海州香薷对铜镉复合污染红壤的改良效果。
主要研究结果如下:
1.发芽实验结果表明:铜镉污染对海州香薷种子的发芽随着Cu2+浓度升高,先升后降。CCu2+≤20mg/L时可以刺激海州香薷种子的发芽。CCu2+≥40mg/L时或Cu-Cd复合处理时对种苗苗长和根长有抑制作用,其中对根长影响最为显著。由铜镉污染对海州香薷萌发的综合评价,铜镉复合污染对海州香薷种子萌发的影响表现形式为铜、镉的协同作用。
2.不同改良处理铜镉复合污染对海州香薷生理生化的影响:
1)生物量、叶绿素、根活力、抗氧化系统酶和丙二醛等的分析表明:在不同改良处理的铜镉复合污染中,铜浓度低于200mg/kg时,壳聚糖和二氧化钛改良处理的铜镉复合污染红壤上的海州香薷生长情况更好些。
2)Cu的形态和海州香薷体内铜、镉积累分析表明:铜镉复合污染和单一铜污染均以铁锰氧化物结合态为主,其次是碳酸盐结合态和有机物结合态,可交换态和残渣态含量最少。不同铜镉处理和改良处理中,海州香薷体内铜的积累主要在根部,镉的积累在茎部。
3)土壤酶的活性分析表明:铜镉复合污染能刺激土壤蛋白酶、过氧化物酶、酸性磷酸酶和脲酶的活性。其中土壤过氧化物酶、酸性磷酸酶可作为判断无改良处理、二氧化钛改良处理和壳聚糖改良处理的铜镉复合污染红壤中Cu、Cd污染程度的主要生化指标。
At present, the problem of soil heavy metal pollution, especially combined pollution of heavy metals, was very serious. Cu, Cd, while not associated heavy metals, but the actual monitoring results showed that the soil often exist in copper and cadmium pollution, and little of cadmium,excessive levels of Cu are toxic to plants will be. Of Cu, Cd combined pollution and the use of Hyperaccumulator + conditioner repair technique to repair the joint copper, cadmium compound contamination in red has a certain theoretical significance.
The effect of heavy metal hyperaccumulating plant, Elsholtzia splendens. And chemically amendments on Cu-Cd contaminated red soil was studied by plant pot and seed germination experiments in this paper. The chemically amendment include the titanium dioxide and chitosan. Heavy metals content in plant and soils, trait index (biomass, chlorophyll, SOD, POD, MDA) in roots, stems and leaves of plant, and soil enzyme were analyzed to demonstrate the effect of the amendments.
The major findings were as follows:
1. The seed germination experimental results showed that: The seed germination rate first rose and then dropped which increased with the concentration of Cu2+ ,and the maximum seed germination rate appeared in the 20mg/L Cu2+ concentration. However, the prolongation of root and the seedling heights were restrained obviously under the copper and cadmium stress or CCu2+≥40mg/L. According to the combined effect of indicators, there was synergy between copper and cadmium under compound condition.
2. The effect on different physiological and biochemical characteristics of Cu-Cd combined pollution and a single copper pollution:
1) biomass, chlorophyll, root activity, anti-oxidation systems enzymes and MDA analysis shows that: composite copper and cadmium combined pollution of the red soil over a single copper pollution, a greater contribution to the growth of Elsholtzia splendens. Improved handling of different combined pollution of Cu and Cd, copper concentrations of less than 200mg/kg, the chitosan and titanium dioxide compound improved handling of the copper and cadmium in red soil pollution on the growth of Elsholtzia splendens better.
2) Copper speciation and Elsholtzia splendens copper and cadmium accumulation analysis showed that: composite copper and cadmium pollution and a single copper pollution were the main iron-manganese oxide bound, followed by the carbonate-bound and organic matter-bound, exchangeable and the residue content of at least. Elsholtzia splendens accumulation of copper in the body, mainly in the roots, cadmium accumulation in the stems.
3) The analysis showed that the activity of soil enzymes: copper and cadmium combined pollution can stimulate the combined pollution of soil protease, peroxidase, acid phosphatase and urease activity. Which the soil peroxidase, acid phosphatase could be used as non-amended handling, amended handling of titanium dioxide and chitosan of the copper and cadmium in red soil pollution, Cu and Cd key biochemical indicators of pollution levels.
引文
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