热声驱动的脉管制冷特性研究
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摘要
热声驱动的脉管制冷是一种新型的制冷方式,它没有机械运动部件,采用惰性气体为工质,具有无污染、结构简单、可靠性高、寿命长等优点。从1990年Swift和Radebaugh等人首先提出这个概念以来,热声发动机驱动脉管制冷机系统成为该领域的研究热点。
本文首先介绍了研究的背景和意义,简要回顾了热声系统的发展历史和研究现状,并介绍了热声理论和脉管制冷理论,详细介绍了热声发动机和脉管制冷机的设计准则及方法。并定性和定量的对热声系统的原理进行了简单的论述。
设计并搭建了热声驱动的脉管制冷系统试验台,对系统中的冷却器、加热器、喷射泵、回热器、声容、反馈回路、谐振直路及脉管制冷机等的结构尺寸做了详细介绍。
对该系统进行了初步的实验,并利用热声网络模型分布参数法对系统的性能进行校核及预测。经计算可知我们所选用的回热器的长度和丝网目数基本能使系统效率达到最优,热声发动机的回热器中的速度波和体积流量波之间的相位角相差不大,所以我们可以期待该发动机能有良好的性能。
最后是全文的总结及未来的展望。
Thermoacoustic refrigeration is a new type of refrigeration method, which is based on the thermoacoustic effect. It is a new and promising way to drive a pulse tube cooler by a thermoacoustic engine instead of any other mechanical compressor . Without any moving parts and with inert gas as working fluid, it has many advantages over traditional engines, such as simplicity, reliability, long non-maintenance operation and pollution free. After it was suggested by Swift and Radebaugh in 1990, investigations on pulse tube cooler driven by thermoacoustic engine were widely made in the world.
The background and significance of research are firstly given in the paper. After a detailed review of the history of the research and developments of thermoacoustics, the main theories of thermoacoustics, the design principles and methods of pulse tube refrigerator are summarized respectively. Then, the principle of thermoacoustic system is also discussed qualitatively and quantitatively.
Designing and founding the thermoacoustic test-bed. The structure and dimension of condenser, heater, ejector, regenerator, sound room, feedback loop, resonance forthright and pulse tube refrigerator are showed detailed.
The primary experiment was done and the system's performance is analyzed by distributing parameter method of thermoacoustic network model. We find that the length of regenerator and mesh number can make the engine's efficiency well. The phase angle between sound wave and volume flux wave of regenerator is not large. So, we can look forward to a nice performance of the engine.
Finally, the summarization and expectation is given.
本文首先介绍了研究的背景和意义,简要回顾了热声系统的发展历史和研究现状,并介绍了热声理论和脉管制冷理论,详细介绍了热声发动机和脉管制冷机的设计准则及方法。并定性和定量的对热声系统的原理进行了简单的论述。
设计并搭建了热声驱动的脉管制冷系统试验台,对系统中的冷却器、加热器、喷射泵、回热器、声容、反馈回路、谐振直路及脉管制冷机等的结构尺寸做了详细介绍。
对该系统进行了初步的实验,并利用热声网络模型分布参数法对系统的性能进行校核及预测。经计算可知我们所选用的回热器的长度和丝网目数基本能使系统效率达到最优,热声发动机的回热器中的速度波和体积流量波之间的相位角相差不大,所以我们可以期待该发动机能有良好的性能。
最后是全文的总结及未来的展望。
Thermoacoustic refrigeration is a new type of refrigeration method, which is based on the thermoacoustic effect. It is a new and promising way to drive a pulse tube cooler by a thermoacoustic engine instead of any other mechanical compressor . Without any moving parts and with inert gas as working fluid, it has many advantages over traditional engines, such as simplicity, reliability, long non-maintenance operation and pollution free. After it was suggested by Swift and Radebaugh in 1990, investigations on pulse tube cooler driven by thermoacoustic engine were widely made in the world.
The background and significance of research are firstly given in the paper. After a detailed review of the history of the research and developments of thermoacoustics, the main theories of thermoacoustics, the design principles and methods of pulse tube refrigerator are summarized respectively. Then, the principle of thermoacoustic system is also discussed qualitatively and quantitatively.
Designing and founding the thermoacoustic test-bed. The structure and dimension of condenser, heater, ejector, regenerator, sound room, feedback loop, resonance forthright and pulse tube refrigerator are showed detailed.
The primary experiment was done and the system's performance is analyzed by distributing parameter method of thermoacoustic network model. We find that the length of regenerator and mesh number can make the engine's efficiency well. The phase angle between sound wave and volume flux wave of regenerator is not large. So, we can look forward to a nice performance of the engine.
Finally, the summarization and expectation is given.
引文
[1]陈光明,陈国邦主编,制冷与低温原理.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[2]Radebaugh R.A review of pulse tube refrigeration.Adv Cryo Eng,1990;35(B):1191-1025.
[3]Radebaugh R.Recent developments in cryocoolers.Proceedings of 19~(th)int'l Congress on Refrigeration,1995;IIIb:976-988.
[4]Radebaugh R.Advances in cryocoolers.Proceedings of the ICEC16/ICMC,Japan,1996:33.
[5]Walker G Miniature refrigerators for cryogenic sensors and cold electronics.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1989.
[6]Rott N.Thermoacoustics.Adv.Appl.Mech.1980,20:135-175.
[7]Wheatley J C,Cox A.Natural engines.Physics Today,1985;38:50.
[8]Raydebaugh R.,McDennott K.M.Swift.GW.,et al.Development of a thermoacoustically driven orifice pulse tube refrigerator.In 4~(th)Interagency Meeting on Cryocoolers.l990.Plymouth,MA:David Taylor Research Center.
[9]Swift GW.Analysis and performance of a large thermoacoustic engine J.Acoust.Soc.Am,1992.92(3):p.1551 -1563.
[10]Zhu S W,Matsubara Y.Theoretical and experimental study of acoustic engine.Proceedings of 7~(th)Int'l Conf on Stirling Cycle Machines,1995:579-584.
[11]Zhou S L,Matsubara Y.Experimental research of thermoacoustic prime mover.Cryogenics,1998;38(8):813-822.
[12]陈国邦,赵莉,金涛,方良.用于脉管制冷机的热声压缩机的实验研究.全国低温制冷机学术会议,北京,1996:217-221;低温工程,1997:(3):6-11.
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[18]邓晓辉,李青等。热声谐振管的实验研究.全国低温制冷机学术会议,北京,1996:230-234.
[19]董凯军,王泽,李青.热声谐振声场相位和功流分布的实验研究.低温工程,2001;116(4):19-22.
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[23]戴巍,罗二仓,胡剑英等.改进型驻波热声发动机的实验研究.工程热物理学报,2005。26(3):P1239-1244.
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[25]Yazaki T.,Iwata A.,Maekawa T.,Tominaga A.Traveling wave thermoacoustic engine in a looped tube.Physical Review Letters,1998;81(15):3128-3131.
[26]Gedeon D.DC gas flow in Stirling and pulse tube cryocoolers.Cryocoolers9,Edited by R G Ross,Plenum,New York,1997:385-392.
[27]Swift G W,D.L.Gardner,Backhaus S.Acoustic recovery of lost power in pulse tube refrigerators.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1999;(105):711 -724.
[28]Backhaus S.,Swift G.W.A thermoacoustic-Stirling heat engine:Detailed study.J.Acoust.Soc.Am,2000,107(6):3148-3166.
[29]Swift G.W.Hybrid thermoacoustic-Stirling engines and refrigeators.Proceedings of Int'l Symposium on Energy Engineering(SEE 2000),Hong Kong,2000:2-17.
[30]Penelet G.,Gaviot E.,Gusev V.,et al.,Experimental investigation of transient nonlinear phenomena in an annular thermoacoustic prime-mover observation of a double threshold effect.Cryogenics,2002.42:p.527-532.
[31]孙大明,邱利民等.热声发动机用加热器的理论与实验验证.工程热物理学报,2004:25(2)226-228.
[32]Qiu L.M.,Sun D.M.,Tan Y.X.,et al.Investigation on Gedeon streaming in a traveling wave thermoacoustic engine.In CEC-ICMC'2005.2005.Keystone Colorado.
[33]罗二仓,凌虹,戴巍等.采用锥形谐振管的高压比聚能型热声发动机.科学通报,2005.50(6):p.605-607
[34]戴巍,罗二仓等.突破液氮温度的完全无运动部件热声制冷机.科学通报,2005:(5)498-499.
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[36]Gifford W.E.,lrongsworth R.C.Pulse tube refrigeration progress.Adv.Cryo.Eng.,1965;New York,69-79.
[37]Gifford W E.,Kyanka Cz H.Reversible pulse tube refrigeration.Adv.Cryo.Eng.,1967;NewYork,619-630.
[38]Mikulin E I,Tarasov A.A.,P.Shrebyonock M.Low temperature expansion pulse tube.Adv.Cry.Eng,vol.29,Plenum Press,New York,1984:629-637.
[39]朱绍伟,脉管制冷机的热力学原理及其重要改进:双向进气脉管制冷机.西安交通大学博士学位论文,1991。
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[42]Yuan K.Liang J.T.,Ju YL.Experimental investigation of a G-M type coaxial pulse tube cryocooler.Cryocoolers 12,Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers,New York,2003:317-323.
[43]Chen G B.,Qiu L.M.,Zheng J,et al.Experimental study on a double-orifice two-stage pulse tube refrigerator.Cryogenics,1997,37:271 -273.
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[2]Radebaugh R.A review of pulse tube refrigeration.Adv Cryo Eng,1990;35(B):1191-1025.
[3]Radebaugh R.Recent developments in cryocoolers.Proceedings of 19~(th)int'l Congress on Refrigeration,1995;IIIb:976-988.
[4]Radebaugh R.Advances in cryocoolers.Proceedings of the ICEC16/ICMC,Japan,1996:33.
[5]Walker G Miniature refrigerators for cryogenic sensors and cold electronics.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1989.
[6]Rott N.Thermoacoustics.Adv.Appl.Mech.1980,20:135-175.
[7]Wheatley J C,Cox A.Natural engines.Physics Today,1985;38:50.
[8]Raydebaugh R.,McDennott K.M.Swift.GW.,et al.Development of a thermoacoustically driven orifice pulse tube refrigerator.In 4~(th)Interagency Meeting on Cryocoolers.l990.Plymouth,MA:David Taylor Research Center.
[9]Swift GW.Analysis and performance of a large thermoacoustic engine J.Acoust.Soc.Am,1992.92(3):p.1551 -1563.
[10]Zhu S W,Matsubara Y.Theoretical and experimental study of acoustic engine.Proceedings of 7~(th)Int'l Conf on Stirling Cycle Machines,1995:579-584.
[11]Zhou S L,Matsubara Y.Experimental research of thermoacoustic prime mover.Cryogenics,1998;38(8):813-822.
[12]陈国邦,赵莉,金涛,方良.用于脉管制冷机的热声压缩机的实验研究.全国低温制冷机学术会议,北京,1996:217-221;低温工程,1997:(3):6-11.
[13]Chen G.B.Jin T.,et al.Experimental study on a thermoacoustic engine with brass screen stack matrix.Adv Cryo Eng,1998;43b:713-718.
[14]白烜,金滔,陈国邦.热声压缩机的实验研究.低温与超导,1997;(4):10-17.
[15]邱利民,蒋宁,陈国邦.丝网热声板叠的最佳填充率.太阳能学报,2001;22(3):322-326.
[16]Chen G.B.Jin T.,Experimental investigation on the onset and damping behavior in the thermoacoustic oscillation.Cryogenics,1999,39(10):843-846.
[17]Millet C.Deng X H,Francois M X et al.Acoustic work flux measurement of a thermoacoustic prime mover.Proceedings of ICCR'98,Hangzhou,1998:518-521.
[18]邓晓辉,李青等。热声谐振管的实验研究.全国低温制冷机学术会议,北京,1996:230-234.
[19]董凯军,王泽,李青.热声谐振声场相位和功流分布的实验研究.低温工程,2001;116(4):19-22.
[20]伍继浩,李青,张晓青,董凯军,郭方中.热声热机系统的测量与实验研究.低温工程,2000;116(4):35-39.
[21]Chen R.L.,Garrett S.L.,Solar/heat-driven thermoacoustic engine.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1998,103(5):2841.
[22]Garrett S L,Backhaus S.The power of sound.American Scientist,2000;88:516-525.
[23]戴巍,罗二仓,胡剑英等.改进型驻波热声发动机的实验研究.工程热物理学报,2005。26(3):P1239-1244.
[24]Ceperley P.H.Gain and efficiency of a short traveling wave heat engine.J.Acoust.Soc.Am,1985,77(3);1239-1244.
[25]Yazaki T.,Iwata A.,Maekawa T.,Tominaga A.Traveling wave thermoacoustic engine in a looped tube.Physical Review Letters,1998;81(15):3128-3131.
[26]Gedeon D.DC gas flow in Stirling and pulse tube cryocoolers.Cryocoolers9,Edited by R G Ross,Plenum,New York,1997:385-392.
[27]Swift G W,D.L.Gardner,Backhaus S.Acoustic recovery of lost power in pulse tube refrigerators.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1999;(105):711 -724.
[28]Backhaus S.,Swift G.W.A thermoacoustic-Stirling heat engine:Detailed study.J.Acoust.Soc.Am,2000,107(6):3148-3166.
[29]Swift G.W.Hybrid thermoacoustic-Stirling engines and refrigeators.Proceedings of Int'l Symposium on Energy Engineering(SEE 2000),Hong Kong,2000:2-17.
[30]Penelet G.,Gaviot E.,Gusev V.,et al.,Experimental investigation of transient nonlinear phenomena in an annular thermoacoustic prime-mover observation of a double threshold effect.Cryogenics,2002.42:p.527-532.
[31]孙大明,邱利民等.热声发动机用加热器的理论与实验验证.工程热物理学报,2004:25(2)226-228.
[32]Qiu L.M.,Sun D.M.,Tan Y.X.,et al.Investigation on Gedeon streaming in a traveling wave thermoacoustic engine.In CEC-ICMC'2005.2005.Keystone Colorado.
[33]罗二仓,凌虹,戴巍等.采用锥形谐振管的高压比聚能型热声发动机.科学通报,2005.50(6):p.605-607
[34]戴巍,罗二仓等.突破液氮温度的完全无运动部件热声制冷机.科学通报,2005:(5)498-499.
[35]Gifford W.E.,Longsworth R.C.Pulse tube refrigeration.Journal of Engineering forIndustry-Transactions of the ASME(J Eng Ind Trans ASME),1964,86:264-270.
[36]Gifford W.E.,lrongsworth R.C.Pulse tube refrigeration progress.Adv.Cryo.Eng.,1965;New York,69-79.
[37]Gifford W E.,Kyanka Cz H.Reversible pulse tube refrigeration.Adv.Cryo.Eng.,1967;NewYork,619-630.
[38]Mikulin E I,Tarasov A.A.,P.Shrebyonock M.Low temperature expansion pulse tube.Adv.Cry.Eng,vol.29,Plenum Press,New York,1984:629-637.
[39]朱绍伟,脉管制冷机的热力学原理及其重要改进:双向进气脉管制冷机.西安交通大学博士学位论文,1991。
[40]Zhu S W Wu P Y et al.A single stage double inlet pulse tube refrigerator capable of reaching 42K.Proceedings of ICEC 14,Kive,Cryogenics,1992;(32):9-11.
[41]Zhu S.W.,Wu P.Y,Chen Z.Q.,A single stage double inlet pulse tube refrigerator capable of reaching 42K.Proceedings of the 13th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference,Cryogenics,1990,30(Supp.):257-261.
[42]Yuan K.Liang J.T.,Ju YL.Experimental investigation of a G-M type coaxial pulse tube cryocooler.Cryocoolers 12,Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers,New York,2003:317-323.
[43]Chen G B.,Qiu L.M.,Zheng J,et al.Experimental study on a double-orifice two-stage pulse tube refrigerator.Cryogenics,1997,37:271 -273.
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