橡胶干燥过程的动态模拟
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摘要
本文根据多孔物体的传热传质特性,结合工程实际对丁苯橡胶的干燥过程进行了动态模拟,并对干燥系统进行了优化。
干燥过程是橡胶工业的主要过程之一,也是重要的耗能过程。本文根据能量与质量平衡,给出了干燥系统能耗的计算方法。
多孔物料的传热传质特性是研究干燥过程的基础,本文通过对多孔物料传热传质的研究,结合实验给出了计算丁苯橡胶分子扩散系数的公式。
根据吉化橡胶厂的干燥系统,结合橡胶深床干燥的模型,编制了橡胶干燥动态模拟程序。影响干燥过程的因素有很多,如干燥空气的温度与相对湿度,橡胶的含水率与温度,橡胶层的厚度等等。本文通过模拟程序的模拟,分析了上述因素对干燥过程的影响,并根据分析结果对干燥系统的设计参数与运行参数进行了优化,给出了最佳参数。此外,又提供了两种干燥模式与现有的模式进行模拟比较,并进行了能耗分析。
The thesis has simulated the process of rubber drying and optimized the drying system, based on the specialty of porous material and the real project.
The drying process is very important in rubber industry, and is also very energy-consuming. From the conversation of energy and mass, the thesis had introduced the numeration of the energy wastage.
The mass and heat transfer specialty of porous material is the basic of drying problem, through the investigation and the experiment, the thesis have given the formula of molecule diffuse coefficient.
Based on the drying system of the rubber factory in the Jilin Petrochemical Company and the drying model of the deep-bed, the author has programmed the dynamic simulation of the rubber drying. There are many factors which can interfere with the process of rubber drying, such as the temperature and relative humidity of the drying-air, the moisture rate and temperature of the rubber and the depth of rubber layer. The author has analyzed the infection of these factors through the simulation of program, and from the analysis results, the thesis has optimized the designing and running parameters and given the best ones. Furthermore, there are two new drying mode had been given to compare with the old one through the simulation, and then the wastage of energy has been analyzed.
干燥过程是橡胶工业的主要过程之一,也是重要的耗能过程。本文根据能量与质量平衡,给出了干燥系统能耗的计算方法。
多孔物料的传热传质特性是研究干燥过程的基础,本文通过对多孔物料传热传质的研究,结合实验给出了计算丁苯橡胶分子扩散系数的公式。
根据吉化橡胶厂的干燥系统,结合橡胶深床干燥的模型,编制了橡胶干燥动态模拟程序。影响干燥过程的因素有很多,如干燥空气的温度与相对湿度,橡胶的含水率与温度,橡胶层的厚度等等。本文通过模拟程序的模拟,分析了上述因素对干燥过程的影响,并根据分析结果对干燥系统的设计参数与运行参数进行了优化,给出了最佳参数。此外,又提供了两种干燥模式与现有的模式进行模拟比较,并进行了能耗分析。
The thesis has simulated the process of rubber drying and optimized the drying system, based on the specialty of porous material and the real project.
The drying process is very important in rubber industry, and is also very energy-consuming. From the conversation of energy and mass, the thesis had introduced the numeration of the energy wastage.
The mass and heat transfer specialty of porous material is the basic of drying problem, through the investigation and the experiment, the thesis have given the formula of molecule diffuse coefficient.
Based on the drying system of the rubber factory in the Jilin Petrochemical Company and the drying model of the deep-bed, the author has programmed the dynamic simulation of the rubber drying. There are many factors which can interfere with the process of rubber drying, such as the temperature and relative humidity of the drying-air, the moisture rate and temperature of the rubber and the depth of rubber layer. The author has analyzed the infection of these factors through the simulation of program, and from the analysis results, the thesis has optimized the designing and running parameters and given the best ones. Furthermore, there are two new drying mode had been given to compare with the old one through the simulation, and then the wastage of energy has been analyzed.
引文
1 煤炭工业部选煤科技情报中心站. 国外选煤设备手册, 煤炭工业出版社, 1981
2 机械工程手册编辑委员会. 机械工程手册. 机械工程出版社, 1997:12-5
3 潘永康. 现代干燥技术. 化学工业出版社, 1998:13～49
4 胡松涛, 刘国丹. 干燥过程中热质传递交叉效应的研究. 哈尔滨工业大学学报. 2001,2:51～54
5 Kudra T, Mujumdar A S. Specialized drying techniques and novel dryers. Handbook of Industrial Drying. 2nd Ed., N.Y., Marcel Dekker, 1995:1087～1149
6 Whitaker S. Heat and mass transfer in granular porous media. Advances in Drying. N.Y., Hemisphere, 1980,1:23~59
7 Perre P, Turner I W. The use of macroscopic equations to simulate heat and mass transfer in porous media. Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Techniques in Drying Technology. 1996:83～156
8 Perdomo A, Burris J S. Histochemical physiological and ultrastructural changes in the maize embryo during artificial drying. Crop Science. 1998,38(1):1236~1244
9 Tang Z, Cenkowski S, Muir WE. Dehydration of sugar beet pulp in superheated steam and hot air. Trans. ASAE. 2000,43(3):685~689
10 Tang Z, Cenkowski S. Dehydration dynamics of potatoes in superheated steam and hot air. Can. Agricultural Eng.. 2000,42(1):43~39
11 杨俊红, 褚治德等. 菜豆种子薄层干燥物料内部水分扩散系数的确定. 工程热物理学会传热传质学学术会议. 2000:520～522
12 肖美添, 朱艳. 海带薄层物料干燥过程内部水分扩散研究. 中国工程热物理学会 2002年学术会议. 2002:361～364
13 王 俊 , 刘 正 怀 等 . 切 片 土 豆 干 燥 种 传 热 过 程 模 拟 与 分 析 . 浙 江 大 学 学 报 . 2000.26(6):661-664
14 孙恒, 张杰. 砖坯干燥过程非稳态二维数值模拟. 中国工程热物理学会 2002 年学术会议. 2002:729～731
15 李娟玲, 陈坤杰. 稻谷固定床深床干燥的计算机模拟. 农业机械学报. 2001,11:59～62
16 李娟玲 , 陈坤杰 . 小麦固定深床干燥的计算机模拟 . 粮油加工与食品机械 . 2001,12:35～37
17 沈胜强, 卢涛. 纸页干燥过程计算模型. China Pulp & Paper. 2003,22(4):29～32
18 李友荣, 曾丹苓等. 多孔介质恒速干燥阶段外部传热传质过程的热力学理论. 工程热物理学会工程热力学与能源利用. 1999:17～19
19 戴干策, 任德呈, 范自晖. 传递现象导论. 化学工业出版社, 1996
20 杨磊, 钟杰平等. “胶乳法”氯化天然橡胶干燥过程水分传递特性的研究. 热带作物学报. 2002,23(1):1～5
21 Liukov A V. Heat and Mass Transfer. Moscow: Mir Publishers, 1980
22 林瑞泰. 多孔介质传热传质引论. 北京:科学出版社, 1995:252～255
23 田德允,翁志刚. 湿空气含湿量的解析计算. 佳木斯大学学报. 1999,17(2):149～151
24 薛殿华. 空气调节. 清华大学出版社, 1991:8～10
25 严家禄. 工程热力学. 高等教育出版社, 2001:152～153
26 沈维道, 蒋智敏等. 工程热力学. 高等教育出版社, 2001:343
27 周宏伟, 谢和平. 多孔介质孔隙率与比表面积的分形描述. 西安矿业学院学报. 1997,17(2):97-102
28 陈坤杰, 李娟玲, 杨明毅等. 稻谷固定床式深床干燥试验研究. 农业机械学报. 2001,32(2):58-61
29 W.E.Ranz, W.R. Marshall, chem.Eng.Prog. 1952:47
30 W.E.Ranz, chem.Eng.Prog. 1952:48
31 Zhao Hui Wang, Guohua Chen. Heat and mass transfer in fixed-bed drying. Chemical Engineering Science. 1999,54:4233～4243
32 任治君, 戴大群. 甲醇蒸汽吸附法测多孔介质的比表面积. 石油化工. 1992,21:188～ 192
33 陆益民, 梁世强. “溶液吸附法测定活性炭比表面积”实验的改进. 韶关学院学报(自然科学版). 2004,25(9):6062
34 中国石油吉林石化分公司丁苯橡胶装置 B 线干燥机招标技术规格书. 中国石油吉林石化分公司. 2003,2:1
35 Z. Pakowski, R. Zylla. Construction of integrated software for drying calculations. Drying Technol. 1996,14(2):463～472.
36 Dincer, A.Z. Sahin, B.S. Yilbas, A.A. Farayedhi, M.M. Hussain. Exergy and energy analysis of food drying systems. Progress Report 2, KFUPM Project # ME/ENERGY/203. 2000.
37 C.C. Jia, D.W. Sun, C.W. Cao. Mathematical simulation of temperature and moisture fields within a grain kernel during drying. Drying Technol. 2000,18(6):1305～1325.
38 P. Perre, I.W. Turner, Transpore. A generic heat and mass transfer computational model for understanding and visualizing the drying of porous media. Drying Technol. 1999,17(7&8):1273～1289.
39 M.A. Ruiz-Cabrera, M.A. Salgado-Cervantes, K.N. Waliszewski-Kubiak, M.A. Garcia Alvarado. The effect of path diffusion on the effective moisture diffusivity in carrot slabs. Drying Technol. 1997,15(1):169～181.
40 T. Akiyama, H. Liu, K. Hayakawa. Hygrostress multicrack formation and propagation in cylindrical viscoelastic food undergoing heat and moisture transfer processes. Int.J. Heat Mass Transfer. 1997,40(7):1601～1609
41 S. Ssu-Hsueh, T.R. Marrero, Experimental study of simultaneous heat and moisture transfer around single short porous cylinders using convection drying by a psychrometry method. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. 1996,39(17):3559～3565.
42 Dincer, S. Dost, A modeling study for moisture diffusivities and moisture transfer coefficients in drying of solid objects. Int. J. Energy Res. 1996,20:531～539.
43 J.A Rogers, M. Kaviany. Variation of heat and mass transfer coefficients during drying of granular beds. Trans. ASME. 1990,112:668～674.
44 A.V. Luikov. Systems of differential equation of heat and mass transfer in capillary porous. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. 1973,18:1～14.
45 N. Kechaou, M. Maalej. A simplified model for determination of moisture diffusivity of date from experimental drying curves. Drying Technol. 2000,18(4&5):1109～1125.
46 叶卫平, 方安平等. Origin7.0 科技绘图及数据分析. 北京:机械工程出版社, 2004:134～ 156
47 王继焕. 提高塔式稻谷烘干机热效率方法的研究. 粮食与饲料工业. 2003,9:16～18
48 杨历, 王永刚等. 流化床谷物干燥的研究. 中国工程热物理学会 2002 年学术会. 2002:1161～1164
2 机械工程手册编辑委员会. 机械工程手册. 机械工程出版社, 1997:12-5
3 潘永康. 现代干燥技术. 化学工业出版社, 1998:13～49
4 胡松涛, 刘国丹. 干燥过程中热质传递交叉效应的研究. 哈尔滨工业大学学报. 2001,2:51～54
5 Kudra T, Mujumdar A S. Specialized drying techniques and novel dryers. Handbook of Industrial Drying. 2nd Ed., N.Y., Marcel Dekker, 1995:1087～1149
6 Whitaker S. Heat and mass transfer in granular porous media. Advances in Drying. N.Y., Hemisphere, 1980,1:23~59
7 Perre P, Turner I W. The use of macroscopic equations to simulate heat and mass transfer in porous media. Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Techniques in Drying Technology. 1996:83～156
8 Perdomo A, Burris J S. Histochemical physiological and ultrastructural changes in the maize embryo during artificial drying. Crop Science. 1998,38(1):1236~1244
9 Tang Z, Cenkowski S, Muir WE. Dehydration of sugar beet pulp in superheated steam and hot air. Trans. ASAE. 2000,43(3):685~689
10 Tang Z, Cenkowski S. Dehydration dynamics of potatoes in superheated steam and hot air. Can. Agricultural Eng.. 2000,42(1):43~39
11 杨俊红, 褚治德等. 菜豆种子薄层干燥物料内部水分扩散系数的确定. 工程热物理学会传热传质学学术会议. 2000:520～522
12 肖美添, 朱艳. 海带薄层物料干燥过程内部水分扩散研究. 中国工程热物理学会 2002年学术会议. 2002:361～364
13 王 俊 , 刘 正 怀 等 . 切 片 土 豆 干 燥 种 传 热 过 程 模 拟 与 分 析 . 浙 江 大 学 学 报 . 2000.26(6):661-664
14 孙恒, 张杰. 砖坯干燥过程非稳态二维数值模拟. 中国工程热物理学会 2002 年学术会议. 2002:729～731
15 李娟玲, 陈坤杰. 稻谷固定床深床干燥的计算机模拟. 农业机械学报. 2001,11:59～62
16 李娟玲 , 陈坤杰 . 小麦固定深床干燥的计算机模拟 . 粮油加工与食品机械 . 2001,12:35～37
17 沈胜强, 卢涛. 纸页干燥过程计算模型. China Pulp & Paper. 2003,22(4):29～32
18 李友荣, 曾丹苓等. 多孔介质恒速干燥阶段外部传热传质过程的热力学理论. 工程热物理学会工程热力学与能源利用. 1999:17～19
19 戴干策, 任德呈, 范自晖. 传递现象导论. 化学工业出版社, 1996
20 杨磊, 钟杰平等. “胶乳法”氯化天然橡胶干燥过程水分传递特性的研究. 热带作物学报. 2002,23(1):1～5
21 Liukov A V. Heat and Mass Transfer. Moscow: Mir Publishers, 1980
22 林瑞泰. 多孔介质传热传质引论. 北京:科学出版社, 1995:252～255
23 田德允,翁志刚. 湿空气含湿量的解析计算. 佳木斯大学学报. 1999,17(2):149～151
24 薛殿华. 空气调节. 清华大学出版社, 1991:8～10
25 严家禄. 工程热力学. 高等教育出版社, 2001:152～153
26 沈维道, 蒋智敏等. 工程热力学. 高等教育出版社, 2001:343
27 周宏伟, 谢和平. 多孔介质孔隙率与比表面积的分形描述. 西安矿业学院学报. 1997,17(2):97-102
28 陈坤杰, 李娟玲, 杨明毅等. 稻谷固定床式深床干燥试验研究. 农业机械学报. 2001,32(2):58-61
29 W.E.Ranz, W.R. Marshall, chem.Eng.Prog. 1952:47
30 W.E.Ranz, chem.Eng.Prog. 1952:48
31 Zhao Hui Wang, Guohua Chen. Heat and mass transfer in fixed-bed drying. Chemical Engineering Science. 1999,54:4233～4243
32 任治君, 戴大群. 甲醇蒸汽吸附法测多孔介质的比表面积. 石油化工. 1992,21:188～ 192
33 陆益民, 梁世强. “溶液吸附法测定活性炭比表面积”实验的改进. 韶关学院学报(自然科学版). 2004,25(9):6062
34 中国石油吉林石化分公司丁苯橡胶装置 B 线干燥机招标技术规格书. 中国石油吉林石化分公司. 2003,2:1
35 Z. Pakowski, R. Zylla. Construction of integrated software for drying calculations. Drying Technol. 1996,14(2):463～472.
36 Dincer, A.Z. Sahin, B.S. Yilbas, A.A. Farayedhi, M.M. Hussain. Exergy and energy analysis of food drying systems. Progress Report 2, KFUPM Project # ME/ENERGY/203. 2000.
37 C.C. Jia, D.W. Sun, C.W. Cao. Mathematical simulation of temperature and moisture fields within a grain kernel during drying. Drying Technol. 2000,18(6):1305～1325.
38 P. Perre, I.W. Turner, Transpore. A generic heat and mass transfer computational model for understanding and visualizing the drying of porous media. Drying Technol. 1999,17(7&8):1273～1289.
39 M.A. Ruiz-Cabrera, M.A. Salgado-Cervantes, K.N. Waliszewski-Kubiak, M.A. Garcia Alvarado. The effect of path diffusion on the effective moisture diffusivity in carrot slabs. Drying Technol. 1997,15(1):169～181.
40 T. Akiyama, H. Liu, K. Hayakawa. Hygrostress multicrack formation and propagation in cylindrical viscoelastic food undergoing heat and moisture transfer processes. Int.J. Heat Mass Transfer. 1997,40(7):1601～1609
41 S. Ssu-Hsueh, T.R. Marrero, Experimental study of simultaneous heat and moisture transfer around single short porous cylinders using convection drying by a psychrometry method. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. 1996,39(17):3559～3565.
42 Dincer, S. Dost, A modeling study for moisture diffusivities and moisture transfer coefficients in drying of solid objects. Int. J. Energy Res. 1996,20:531～539.
43 J.A Rogers, M. Kaviany. Variation of heat and mass transfer coefficients during drying of granular beds. Trans. ASME. 1990,112:668～674.
44 A.V. Luikov. Systems of differential equation of heat and mass transfer in capillary porous. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. 1973,18:1～14.
45 N. Kechaou, M. Maalej. A simplified model for determination of moisture diffusivity of date from experimental drying curves. Drying Technol. 2000,18(4&5):1109～1125.
46 叶卫平, 方安平等. Origin7.0 科技绘图及数据分析. 北京:机械工程出版社, 2004:134～ 156
47 王继焕. 提高塔式稻谷烘干机热效率方法的研究. 粮食与饲料工业. 2003,9:16～18
48 杨历, 王永刚等. 流化床谷物干燥的研究. 中国工程热物理学会 2002 年学术会. 2002:1161～1164
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