钌催化剂上苯选择加氢合成环己烯的研究
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摘要
环己烯是一种重要的有机化工原料。作为一种中间体,环己烯可广泛应用于医药、农药、染料、洗涤剂、炸药、饲料添加剂、聚酯和其他精细化学品的生产。
苯选择加氢合成环己烯的方法是大批量获得环己烯的最佳方法。本论文通过文献总结,分析了传质在苯选择加氢反应中的重要性。总结指出,反应中,水吸附在催化剂表面形成水膜吸附层。该水膜吸附层促进了水中溶解能力较差的环己烯的脱附,从而得到较高的环己烯收率。然而,正是由于水膜吸附层的存在,钌催化剂的活性一般都较低。
本论文围绕向载体中添加亲水性物质以提高环己烯的收率,减小钌纳米尺寸以提高钌催化剂的活性,设计了硼酸锌改性的负载型催化剂、硼氢化物低温还原的纳米钌-二氧化锆催化剂和使用微乳法制备的纳米钌-二氧化硅催化剂。使用硼氢化钾低温还原制备的催化剂,在苯转化率40%时,环己烯的选择性能达到75%,其TON(H_2)达到0.3 S~(-1)。而使用微乳法制备的纳米钌硅催化剂,苯转化率为40%时,环己烯的选择性达到76%,环己烯的最高收率达到42%,其TON(H_2)达到0.76 S~(-1)。
Cyclohexene is an important raw material. As intermediate, cyclohexene can be used in medicine, pesticide, dye, washes, dynamite, feedstuff, polyester, and other fine chemicals.
Selective hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene over Ru is the best method to obtain cyclohexene. In this paper, we analyzed the important roles of mass transfer in selective hydrogenation of benzene. It was concluded that Cyclohexene is obtained due to the existence of a water films. The water films around catalyst was formed, and the water films could accelerate the desorption of cyclohexene from ruthenium sites due to much low solubility of cyclohexene in water. However, the activity is also rather low because of the existence of the water films around catalyst.
In order to increase the selectivity and activity of ruthenium catalyst, Enhancing the hydrophilicity and decreasing the particle size of ruthenium is done, and three kinds of catalysts were prepared: (1) Borate acid was impregnated in ZrO2-ZnO to form zinc borate. (2) Nano ruthenium supported on zirconium dioxide was prepared by reducing the mixture of ruthenium trichloride and nano zirconium dioxide by potassium borohydride. (3) Ruthenium colloid supported on silica was prepared by microemulsions. More than 75% selectivity of cyclohexene on conversion 40% was achieved by the second catalyst. The TON(H_2) was 0.3 S-1. With the third catalyst, over 76% selectivity of cyclohexene on conversion 40% was achieved, and the max yield of cyclohexene was more than 42% with an TON(H_2) of 0.76 S-1.
苯选择加氢合成环己烯的方法是大批量获得环己烯的最佳方法。本论文通过文献总结,分析了传质在苯选择加氢反应中的重要性。总结指出,反应中,水吸附在催化剂表面形成水膜吸附层。该水膜吸附层促进了水中溶解能力较差的环己烯的脱附,从而得到较高的环己烯收率。然而,正是由于水膜吸附层的存在,钌催化剂的活性一般都较低。
本论文围绕向载体中添加亲水性物质以提高环己烯的收率,减小钌纳米尺寸以提高钌催化剂的活性,设计了硼酸锌改性的负载型催化剂、硼氢化物低温还原的纳米钌-二氧化锆催化剂和使用微乳法制备的纳米钌-二氧化硅催化剂。使用硼氢化钾低温还原制备的催化剂,在苯转化率40%时,环己烯的选择性能达到75%,其TON(H_2)达到0.3 S~(-1)。而使用微乳法制备的纳米钌硅催化剂,苯转化率为40%时,环己烯的选择性达到76%,环己烯的最高收率达到42%,其TON(H_2)达到0.76 S~(-1)。
Cyclohexene is an important raw material. As intermediate, cyclohexene can be used in medicine, pesticide, dye, washes, dynamite, feedstuff, polyester, and other fine chemicals.
Selective hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene over Ru is the best method to obtain cyclohexene. In this paper, we analyzed the important roles of mass transfer in selective hydrogenation of benzene. It was concluded that Cyclohexene is obtained due to the existence of a water films. The water films around catalyst was formed, and the water films could accelerate the desorption of cyclohexene from ruthenium sites due to much low solubility of cyclohexene in water. However, the activity is also rather low because of the existence of the water films around catalyst.
In order to increase the selectivity and activity of ruthenium catalyst, Enhancing the hydrophilicity and decreasing the particle size of ruthenium is done, and three kinds of catalysts were prepared: (1) Borate acid was impregnated in ZrO2-ZnO to form zinc borate. (2) Nano ruthenium supported on zirconium dioxide was prepared by reducing the mixture of ruthenium trichloride and nano zirconium dioxide by potassium borohydride. (3) Ruthenium colloid supported on silica was prepared by microemulsions. More than 75% selectivity of cyclohexene on conversion 40% was achieved by the second catalyst. The TON(H_2) was 0.3 S-1. With the third catalyst, over 76% selectivity of cyclohexene on conversion 40% was achieved, and the max yield of cyclohexene was more than 42% with an TON(H_2) of 0.76 S-1.
引文
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