空间拱肋组合桥梁顶推施工技术研究
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摘要
梁拱组合桥梁是现代城市建设中的一种重要结构型式,它造型美观、跨越能力大,具有广泛的应用前景。城市桥梁的建设对经济、场地和环境要求高,应选择合适且合理的方法进行施工。顶推法就是能满足上述要求的一种很好的选择。这种施工方法诞生于约半个世纪前,发展至今已较成熟,但常用于梁式桥的建设,鲜见有用于梁拱组合桥梁整体施工的案例。然而随着钢拱——结合梁结构在桥梁中得到推广应用,梁拱组合桥梁钢结构部分整体顶推施工的方法也被提出并得到实践,且有望被广泛应用。本文即针对这一新颖的课题,以在建的杭州钱江八桥为工程背景进行了一些研究工作：
针对梁拱组合桥梁整体顶推过程中由于结构经受拉压应力循环变化而导致吊杆失效的特点,提出在顶推中应设置临时撑压杆。引入均质化的做法将吊杆替换为实腹吊杆板并将结构整体视为实腹式变截面梁,通过对不同约束条件下实腹吊杆板上的应力分布以确定撑压杆的位置与数量。
对梁拱组合桥梁的导梁设计进行了一些研究。导梁的设计应考虑长度、刚度、质量等参数的取值。在证明在结构型式与主梁刚度保持不变的前提下导梁与主拱的刚度的相关联性的基础上,明确梁拱组合桥梁顶推施工导梁的设计不能简单按照梁式桥导梁设计的理论进行,而应针对具体结构采用优化分析的方法进行。
采用实体退化单元建立杭州钱江八桥的有限元模型,对其整体顶推进行计算,分析梁、拱等构件受力与变形随顶推距离的变化规律及在典型工况下的分布规律。对顶推过程中的撑压杆受力做了计算,证明了其起到的重要作用。
顶推到位后临时构件的拆除与吊杆的张拉是采用整体顶推法施工的梁拱组合桥所面对的一个重要问题。针对结构的体系转换进行分析并制定相应的施工方案,对吊杆张拉完成后的最优索力分布进行了计算。
针对顶推到位后的结合梁混凝土桥面板施工进行分析。在假定施工阶段结合梁中混凝土与钢梁界面为刚性连接、施工中仅考虑结构自重荷载、已完成安装的桥面板作为结构的一部分参与受力与变形的基础上,给出了三种桥面板施工顺序方案,以吊杆索力为目标物理量,对三种方案进行计算与比选。
Beam-arch association bridge is an important type of structures in modern urban construction. Owing to the beautiful shape and large span capacity, this kind of bridge has a wide application prospect. For building urban bridges, proper and reasonable construction method should be adopted considering the limitation of economy, site and environment. Incremental launching is such a method which could meet all the requirements. Although this method was first carried out half a century ago and the skills got mature by now, it was mostly employed in construction of beam bridges and not used in beam-arch association bridge as a unity. However, the popularization and application of steel arch-composite beam in bridges gives a chance for the steel structure of beam-arch association bridge to be increment launched as a unity, and this method was likely to be widely used. Based on the construction of Hangzhou Eighth Qianjiang Bridge, some issues were studied on the incremental launching of beam-arch association bridge as a unity.
During the process of incremental launching, the cyclic change of tensile and compressive stress of the structure made the suspender unable to work, thus, temporary compressive bar was needed. By homogenizing the suspenders to solid thin plate, the unity of beam-arch association bridge could be seen as a solid-web variable section beam. According to the stress distribution on the solid thin plate under various constraint conditions, number and locations of temporary compressive bars could be determined.
Design of nose of beam-arch association bridge was studied, taking length, stiffness and mass into consideration. Keeping the structure style and stiffness of main beam unchanged, the relevance between nose and main arch was proved. The nose of beam-arch association bridge could not be designed by the theory of designing nose for beam bridge, but should be analyzed specifically by optimization method.
A finite element model of Hangzhou Eighth Qianjiang Bridge was established by degenerated solid element. With the help of this model, the incremental launching of the bridge unity was carried out and variation patterns of stress and displacement of beam and arch along the launching path were gained, so as to the patterns under representative loadcases. Analysis of axial forces of compressive bars during launching showed that the bars played an important role in the construction.
After launching, temporary components should be removed and suspenders be stretched. This was an important issue for launching of beam-arch association bridge. The system transformation was analyzed and construction scheme was worked out. And also the optimal distribution of cable forces of suspenders after stretching was calculated.
In the end, construction of the bridge decks of composite beam after launching was analyzed. By assuming the interfacial bonding between concrete deck and steel beam to be rigid at the construction stage, only self-weight to be count, and installed decks could carry load as part of the structure, three plans of installing the bridge decks were proposed. Among them, one was selected after comparing the cable forces of suspenders.
针对梁拱组合桥梁整体顶推过程中由于结构经受拉压应力循环变化而导致吊杆失效的特点,提出在顶推中应设置临时撑压杆。引入均质化的做法将吊杆替换为实腹吊杆板并将结构整体视为实腹式变截面梁,通过对不同约束条件下实腹吊杆板上的应力分布以确定撑压杆的位置与数量。
对梁拱组合桥梁的导梁设计进行了一些研究。导梁的设计应考虑长度、刚度、质量等参数的取值。在证明在结构型式与主梁刚度保持不变的前提下导梁与主拱的刚度的相关联性的基础上,明确梁拱组合桥梁顶推施工导梁的设计不能简单按照梁式桥导梁设计的理论进行,而应针对具体结构采用优化分析的方法进行。
采用实体退化单元建立杭州钱江八桥的有限元模型,对其整体顶推进行计算,分析梁、拱等构件受力与变形随顶推距离的变化规律及在典型工况下的分布规律。对顶推过程中的撑压杆受力做了计算,证明了其起到的重要作用。
顶推到位后临时构件的拆除与吊杆的张拉是采用整体顶推法施工的梁拱组合桥所面对的一个重要问题。针对结构的体系转换进行分析并制定相应的施工方案,对吊杆张拉完成后的最优索力分布进行了计算。
针对顶推到位后的结合梁混凝土桥面板施工进行分析。在假定施工阶段结合梁中混凝土与钢梁界面为刚性连接、施工中仅考虑结构自重荷载、已完成安装的桥面板作为结构的一部分参与受力与变形的基础上,给出了三种桥面板施工顺序方案,以吊杆索力为目标物理量,对三种方案进行计算与比选。
Beam-arch association bridge is an important type of structures in modern urban construction. Owing to the beautiful shape and large span capacity, this kind of bridge has a wide application prospect. For building urban bridges, proper and reasonable construction method should be adopted considering the limitation of economy, site and environment. Incremental launching is such a method which could meet all the requirements. Although this method was first carried out half a century ago and the skills got mature by now, it was mostly employed in construction of beam bridges and not used in beam-arch association bridge as a unity. However, the popularization and application of steel arch-composite beam in bridges gives a chance for the steel structure of beam-arch association bridge to be increment launched as a unity, and this method was likely to be widely used. Based on the construction of Hangzhou Eighth Qianjiang Bridge, some issues were studied on the incremental launching of beam-arch association bridge as a unity.
During the process of incremental launching, the cyclic change of tensile and compressive stress of the structure made the suspender unable to work, thus, temporary compressive bar was needed. By homogenizing the suspenders to solid thin plate, the unity of beam-arch association bridge could be seen as a solid-web variable section beam. According to the stress distribution on the solid thin plate under various constraint conditions, number and locations of temporary compressive bars could be determined.
Design of nose of beam-arch association bridge was studied, taking length, stiffness and mass into consideration. Keeping the structure style and stiffness of main beam unchanged, the relevance between nose and main arch was proved. The nose of beam-arch association bridge could not be designed by the theory of designing nose for beam bridge, but should be analyzed specifically by optimization method.
A finite element model of Hangzhou Eighth Qianjiang Bridge was established by degenerated solid element. With the help of this model, the incremental launching of the bridge unity was carried out and variation patterns of stress and displacement of beam and arch along the launching path were gained, so as to the patterns under representative loadcases. Analysis of axial forces of compressive bars during launching showed that the bars played an important role in the construction.
After launching, temporary components should be removed and suspenders be stretched. This was an important issue for launching of beam-arch association bridge. The system transformation was analyzed and construction scheme was worked out. And also the optimal distribution of cable forces of suspenders after stretching was calculated.
In the end, construction of the bridge decks of composite beam after launching was analyzed. By assuming the interfacial bonding between concrete deck and steel beam to be rigid at the construction stage, only self-weight to be count, and installed decks could carry load as part of the structure, three plans of installing the bridge decks were proposed. Among them, one was selected after comparing the cable forces of suspenders.
引文
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