吕宋海峡水交换的季节性变化研究
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摘要
本文共分五部分。第一部分是研究概述;第二部分回顾了吕宋海峡水交换的观测目标及观测手段;第三部分分析了2005年10月吕宋海峡现场观测资料以及卫星高度计,卫星跟踪漂流浮标资料;第四部分用较高分辨率的POM模式模拟了吕宋海峡流场的季节变化并进行了相关数值实验;第五部分探讨了吕宋海峡附近涡旋与黑潮主轴的相互作用。
通过分析现场观测资料,并结合同一时期卫星高度计观测海平面高度距平和辐射计观测到的海表面温度,推测了2005年10月间吕宋海峡上层地转流场分布;分析卫星高度距平的数据发现在1992年10月-2005年5月间共发生了49次涡旋脱离现象。综合17年的卫星跟踪漂流数据发现,经过黑潮区域共计浮标193个,只有8个进入南海,时间在10月至来年3月间。我们认为这8个浮标是由于黑潮挟带至吕宋海峡被吕宋岛西北冷涡(NWLCE)俘获而深入南海的。
模式结果显示吕宋海峡净流量季节变化明显。黑潮入侵吕宋海峡后在南海北部形成反气旋式涡旋,而涡旋的存在造成了当地海水较强的垂向运动。吕宋海峡断面(120.75°E)流场结构大体上南进北出,入流、出流纬度随季节变化会发生南北移动。500m以上,冬春季有明显的黑潮分支进入南海,而在夏秋季黑潮南海分支消失或者较弱。数值实验的结果发现:Mindoro海峡对于调节南海和太平洋的水量平衡起着至关重要的作用。吕宋海峡输运量年变化主要由太平洋海盆风场所决定,南海季风对吕宋海峡水交换的季节变化起重要作用。模式分辨率越细,经吕宋海峡进入南海的净流量越少。
卫星遥感海平面高度距平场显示,黑潮两侧的涡旋会与黑潮主轴发生作用。为此,利用一层半约化重力模式,采用理想风场,涡旋用一个经验台风公式生成。我们发现西边界流两侧的涡旋均会对西边界流产生影响。尤其在西边界流以西存在反气旋涡旋的时候,其与西边界流的作用过程与现实中吕宋海峡黑潮流环脱离的过程相似。
My dissertation consists of five parts. Review on the topic is given in the first part. In the second part I review the study object and the method of the field observation on this topic. In the third part the in situ observation data, the altimetry data and the satellite- tracked drifting buoys data are analyzed. Princeton Ocean Model is used here to simulate the seasonal variation of the velocity field in the Luzon Strait and relative numerical experiments are conducted in the fourth part. In the last part the interaction between eddies and the west boundary current is discussed.
Based on the analysis of the in situ observation data, the Sea Level Anomaly data from the Satellite Altimeter and the Sea Surface Temperature from the Satellite Spectroradiometer during the field experiment, the upper ocean velocity field during the field experiment is reproduced. By analysis of the Sea Level Anomaly, we find that 49 eddy shedding events happened from 1992.10 to 2005.5. Among 193 bouys which passed by the Luzon Strait only 8 drifted into the SCS when the northeast monsoon prevailed. We conclude that they were unlikely carried by a direct flow but were captured by the NWLCG when the Kuroshio took them there.
It is found that the net transport in the Luzon Strait varies seasonally from 14.0Sv westward to 1.0Sv eastward. The annual mean net transport was 5.4Sv westward. Above 500m an obvious branch of the Kuroshio intruded in the SCS from winter to spring. And this branch disappeared from summer to fall. There exists permanent upwelling in the North SCS which is caused by the anticyclonic eddy due to the Kuroshio Intrusion. Numerical results also show that the inflow locates in the south of Luzon while the outflow locates in the north. The latitude of inflow and outflow varies seasonally.Numerical experiments show that the Mindoro Strait plays an important role in adjusting the balance of the Pacific and the SCS. While the wind over the Pacific basin controls the yearly mean transport of the Luzon Strait, the SCS monsoon has more effect on the seasonal variation of the Luzon Strait transport than the wind over the Pacific basin. The model resolution has a certain effect on the transport of Luzon Strait, but the trend that the net transport is westward during northeast monsoon is not changed.
On the map of Sea Level Anomaly from the satellite altimeter we found eddies propagating westward in the ocean basin .When they met the Kuroshio, interactions were inevitable. It is found that with the existence of the cyclonic (cold) eddy at the east of the Kuroshio, its main axis tends to be attracted. And with the existence of the anticyclonic eddy, its main axis tends to deviate westward.
A reduced-gravity primitive equation eddy resolving model is used to study the interaction of a typhoon-induced eddy and a wind-driven general circulation. Results show that eddies on both sides of the west boundary current (WBC) can affect the path of WBC. Especially when an anticyclonic eddy locates at the west of WBC, an eddy-shedding event is to happen.
通过分析现场观测资料,并结合同一时期卫星高度计观测海平面高度距平和辐射计观测到的海表面温度,推测了2005年10月间吕宋海峡上层地转流场分布;分析卫星高度距平的数据发现在1992年10月-2005年5月间共发生了49次涡旋脱离现象。综合17年的卫星跟踪漂流数据发现,经过黑潮区域共计浮标193个,只有8个进入南海,时间在10月至来年3月间。我们认为这8个浮标是由于黑潮挟带至吕宋海峡被吕宋岛西北冷涡(NWLCE)俘获而深入南海的。
模式结果显示吕宋海峡净流量季节变化明显。黑潮入侵吕宋海峡后在南海北部形成反气旋式涡旋,而涡旋的存在造成了当地海水较强的垂向运动。吕宋海峡断面(120.75°E)流场结构大体上南进北出,入流、出流纬度随季节变化会发生南北移动。500m以上,冬春季有明显的黑潮分支进入南海,而在夏秋季黑潮南海分支消失或者较弱。数值实验的结果发现:Mindoro海峡对于调节南海和太平洋的水量平衡起着至关重要的作用。吕宋海峡输运量年变化主要由太平洋海盆风场所决定,南海季风对吕宋海峡水交换的季节变化起重要作用。模式分辨率越细,经吕宋海峡进入南海的净流量越少。
卫星遥感海平面高度距平场显示,黑潮两侧的涡旋会与黑潮主轴发生作用。为此,利用一层半约化重力模式,采用理想风场,涡旋用一个经验台风公式生成。我们发现西边界流两侧的涡旋均会对西边界流产生影响。尤其在西边界流以西存在反气旋涡旋的时候,其与西边界流的作用过程与现实中吕宋海峡黑潮流环脱离的过程相似。
My dissertation consists of five parts. Review on the topic is given in the first part. In the second part I review the study object and the method of the field observation on this topic. In the third part the in situ observation data, the altimetry data and the satellite- tracked drifting buoys data are analyzed. Princeton Ocean Model is used here to simulate the seasonal variation of the velocity field in the Luzon Strait and relative numerical experiments are conducted in the fourth part. In the last part the interaction between eddies and the west boundary current is discussed.
Based on the analysis of the in situ observation data, the Sea Level Anomaly data from the Satellite Altimeter and the Sea Surface Temperature from the Satellite Spectroradiometer during the field experiment, the upper ocean velocity field during the field experiment is reproduced. By analysis of the Sea Level Anomaly, we find that 49 eddy shedding events happened from 1992.10 to 2005.5. Among 193 bouys which passed by the Luzon Strait only 8 drifted into the SCS when the northeast monsoon prevailed. We conclude that they were unlikely carried by a direct flow but were captured by the NWLCG when the Kuroshio took them there.
It is found that the net transport in the Luzon Strait varies seasonally from 14.0Sv westward to 1.0Sv eastward. The annual mean net transport was 5.4Sv westward. Above 500m an obvious branch of the Kuroshio intruded in the SCS from winter to spring. And this branch disappeared from summer to fall. There exists permanent upwelling in the North SCS which is caused by the anticyclonic eddy due to the Kuroshio Intrusion. Numerical results also show that the inflow locates in the south of Luzon while the outflow locates in the north. The latitude of inflow and outflow varies seasonally.Numerical experiments show that the Mindoro Strait plays an important role in adjusting the balance of the Pacific and the SCS. While the wind over the Pacific basin controls the yearly mean transport of the Luzon Strait, the SCS monsoon has more effect on the seasonal variation of the Luzon Strait transport than the wind over the Pacific basin. The model resolution has a certain effect on the transport of Luzon Strait, but the trend that the net transport is westward during northeast monsoon is not changed.
On the map of Sea Level Anomaly from the satellite altimeter we found eddies propagating westward in the ocean basin .When they met the Kuroshio, interactions were inevitable. It is found that with the existence of the cyclonic (cold) eddy at the east of the Kuroshio, its main axis tends to be attracted. And with the existence of the anticyclonic eddy, its main axis tends to deviate westward.
A reduced-gravity primitive equation eddy resolving model is used to study the interaction of a typhoon-induced eddy and a wind-driven general circulation. Results show that eddies on both sides of the west boundary current (WBC) can affect the path of WBC. Especially when an anticyclonic eddy locates at the west of WBC, an eddy-shedding event is to happen.
引文
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