越南甜竹化学性质与制浆性能研究
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摘要
越南甜竹(Dendrocalamus Latiflorus Munro.)是一种产笋量高、品质好的笋用竹种,甜竹分布主要在越南西北部、沿海中部和南部高原等地区,本课题将对(1~2年生)的越南甜竹进行深入的研究和分析并与其它造纸原料对比,研究能作为造纸纤维原料的可能性,最后得到如下结论:
甜竹制浆工艺的优化条件为用碱量22%(NaOH),最高温度1700C,保温时间120min。在优化条件下蒸煮,所得纸浆粗浆得率为38.21%, Kappa值为18.55,原浆白度为25.25%ISO。竹浆漂白的适宜工艺条件为:D段ClO2用量为3.0%,EP段的H2O2用量为1.0%,P段的H2O2用量为3.0%。纤维形态研究表明:料纤维平均长度为2.37mm,属于长纤维原料。甜竹纤维细胞壁厚,平均为8.13μm,壁腔比平均为6.33。
木质素研究指出:甜竹原料木质素中C9单元式甲氧基含量与青皮竹比较相近、分子量主要集中在小于4000组分(占50.5%)而大于16000只占少量、甲氧基含量为15.42%、酚羟基含量2.08%、羧基含量5.36%、硝基苯氧化结果摩尔比(G:S:H)为1:0.74:0.52。无论甜竹还是青皮竹,蒸煮过程中木质素结构的愈疮木基、紫丁香基和对羟基苯基的摩尔比下降,而甜竹木质素S单元下降较青皮竹少。
通过对原料化学成分测定、蒸煮、漂白、木质素结构等研究可以确认甜竹作为一种经济植物资源,是制浆造纸的较好原料。
Vietnamese sweet bamboo shoots are a production of high quality, they distribution mainly in the north-west, coastal central and southern highland areas in Vietnam; but on a detailed study and use of sweet bamboo less than many in Vietnam, this thesis will be Vietnamese sweet bamboo to conduct in-depth research and analysis and comparison with other paper-making raw materials, following main conclusions:
From chemical composition analysis of raw materials: 1%NaOH extract content is 25.73%, ash content of raw materials for 1.94%, monocellulose content is 75.34%, lignin content is 25.24%; Cooking process conditions suitable for: alkali dosage 22%, maximum temperature 1700C, holding time 120min, obtained pulp yield for 38.21%, Kappa 18.55, whiteness 25.25%ISO; Bleaching process conditions suitable for ClO2 dosage is 3.0% in section D, H2O2 dosage is 1.0% in section E, H2O2 dosage is 3.0% in section P. Under the best conditions for bleaching, bleaching results are whiteness is 79.11%ISO,PC value is 3.2. Cooking at the reaction mechanism of studies have shown that: Lignin removal can be divided into three stages were: the initial delignification stage (warming to1700C), lignin removal rate is 75.35%; substantial delignification stage (Insulation 1.5h in 1700C), lignin removal rate is 96.71%; residual lignin removal stage (Insulation 2.5h in 1700C), lignin removal rate is 98.18%. Study the molecular weight of lignin indicated that, raw materials mainly concentrated in the molecular weight of less than 4000(accounted for 50.5%),from 4000-8000 accounted for 24.6 percent, from 8000-16000 accounted for 20.2 percent, while only a small amount of more than 16000; Sweet bamboo whole pulp part of 4000 following 20.3%, the 8000-16000 part from 20.2% ( raw materials) rosed to 33.1%( whole pulp) , increase of 38.9%, the more than 16000 part so from 4.7% (raw materials) rosed to 16.1% (whole pulp), increase of 70.8%. Cooking at the course functional groups of residual lignin changes, methoxyl content decreased, from 15.42% (raw materials) dropped to 12.35% (whole pulp), the phenolic hydroxyl group content and carboxyl content has increased, from 2.08% (raw materials) rosed to 3.17% (whole pulp), carboxyl content from 5.36% (raw materials) rosed to 5.99% (whole pulp). Vietnamese sweet bamboo average length of fiber (raw materials) is 2.37mm, greater than Bambusa textilis and Dendrocalamopsis, in accordance with the provisions of the International Association of wood anatomy, Vietnamese sweet bamboo belong to long-fiber raw materials. Fiber wall thickness is 8.13μm, fiber wall–cavity rate for the 6.33, greater than Bambusa textilis and Dendrocalamopsis.
甜竹制浆工艺的优化条件为用碱量22%(NaOH),最高温度1700C,保温时间120min。在优化条件下蒸煮,所得纸浆粗浆得率为38.21%, Kappa值为18.55,原浆白度为25.25%ISO。竹浆漂白的适宜工艺条件为:D段ClO2用量为3.0%,EP段的H2O2用量为1.0%,P段的H2O2用量为3.0%。纤维形态研究表明:料纤维平均长度为2.37mm,属于长纤维原料。甜竹纤维细胞壁厚,平均为8.13μm,壁腔比平均为6.33。
木质素研究指出:甜竹原料木质素中C9单元式甲氧基含量与青皮竹比较相近、分子量主要集中在小于4000组分(占50.5%)而大于16000只占少量、甲氧基含量为15.42%、酚羟基含量2.08%、羧基含量5.36%、硝基苯氧化结果摩尔比(G:S:H)为1:0.74:0.52。无论甜竹还是青皮竹,蒸煮过程中木质素结构的愈疮木基、紫丁香基和对羟基苯基的摩尔比下降,而甜竹木质素S单元下降较青皮竹少。
通过对原料化学成分测定、蒸煮、漂白、木质素结构等研究可以确认甜竹作为一种经济植物资源,是制浆造纸的较好原料。
Vietnamese sweet bamboo shoots are a production of high quality, they distribution mainly in the north-west, coastal central and southern highland areas in Vietnam; but on a detailed study and use of sweet bamboo less than many in Vietnam, this thesis will be Vietnamese sweet bamboo to conduct in-depth research and analysis and comparison with other paper-making raw materials, following main conclusions:
From chemical composition analysis of raw materials: 1%NaOH extract content is 25.73%, ash content of raw materials for 1.94%, monocellulose content is 75.34%, lignin content is 25.24%; Cooking process conditions suitable for: alkali dosage 22%, maximum temperature 1700C, holding time 120min, obtained pulp yield for 38.21%, Kappa 18.55, whiteness 25.25%ISO; Bleaching process conditions suitable for ClO2 dosage is 3.0% in section D, H2O2 dosage is 1.0% in section E, H2O2 dosage is 3.0% in section P. Under the best conditions for bleaching, bleaching results are whiteness is 79.11%ISO,PC value is 3.2. Cooking at the reaction mechanism of studies have shown that: Lignin removal can be divided into three stages were: the initial delignification stage (warming to1700C), lignin removal rate is 75.35%; substantial delignification stage (Insulation 1.5h in 1700C), lignin removal rate is 96.71%; residual lignin removal stage (Insulation 2.5h in 1700C), lignin removal rate is 98.18%. Study the molecular weight of lignin indicated that, raw materials mainly concentrated in the molecular weight of less than 4000(accounted for 50.5%),from 4000-8000 accounted for 24.6 percent, from 8000-16000 accounted for 20.2 percent, while only a small amount of more than 16000; Sweet bamboo whole pulp part of 4000 following 20.3%, the 8000-16000 part from 20.2% ( raw materials) rosed to 33.1%( whole pulp) , increase of 38.9%, the more than 16000 part so from 4.7% (raw materials) rosed to 16.1% (whole pulp), increase of 70.8%. Cooking at the course functional groups of residual lignin changes, methoxyl content decreased, from 15.42% (raw materials) dropped to 12.35% (whole pulp), the phenolic hydroxyl group content and carboxyl content has increased, from 2.08% (raw materials) rosed to 3.17% (whole pulp), carboxyl content from 5.36% (raw materials) rosed to 5.99% (whole pulp). Vietnamese sweet bamboo average length of fiber (raw materials) is 2.37mm, greater than Bambusa textilis and Dendrocalamopsis, in accordance with the provisions of the International Association of wood anatomy, Vietnamese sweet bamboo belong to long-fiber raw materials. Fiber wall thickness is 8.13μm, fiber wall–cavity rate for the 6.33, greater than Bambusa textilis and Dendrocalamopsis.
引文
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