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天然活性成份獐芽菜苦苷在大鼠体内的药代动力学研究
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摘要
目的研究獐芽菜属植物主要活性成份獐芽菜苦苷在SD大鼠体内的药代动力学,阐明其在体内的代谢规律,为獐芽菜苦苷进一步研究与开发提供参考。方法(1)采用LC-MS/MS及SPE法建立并确证测定大鼠生物样品中獐芽菜苦苷含量的方法。大鼠按20、50mg/kg口服及4mg/kg尾静脉注射獐芽菜苦苷后,采用非房室模型,利用DAS2.0软件拟合其药代参数,并计算生物利用度。(2)大鼠口服20mg/kg獐芽菜苦苷后,收集不同时间段尿及粪便样品,探究48h内尿及粪便中獐芽菜苦苷排泄动力学过程。(3)按50mg/kg口服獐芽菜苦苷后,设计时间点取肝、心、脾、肺、肾及脑组织,研究獐芽菜苦苷在主要组织器官分布情况。(4)比较20mg/kg口服獐芽菜苦苷单体及对应剂量青叶胆片多组份形式给药情况下其药代动力学过程。
     结果(1)所建方法适用于獐牙菜苦苷药代动力学研究。大鼠20、50mg/kg口服及4mg/kg静注后主要药代参数(mean):Tmax:0.95、1和0h;T1/2:1.10、1.21和1.05h;Cmax:1920.1、3950.49和7391.5μg/L; AUC0–∞:3593.7、8177.03和7321.0μg/L·h。该药绝对生物利用度低:F%=9.8%。(2)大鼠20mg/kg口服獐芽菜苦苷后,以原型药物从尿中排泄量约占给药量的1.0%,而粪便仅为0.05%。(3)大鼠50mg/kg口服獐芽菜苦苷后,主要组织中獐芽菜苦苷含量达峰时间为1h左右,达峰时,各组织中含量从高到低为肾>肝>肺>脾>心>脑,3h时各组织中浓度已显著降低,12h后接近完全消除。(4)大鼠在单体、多组份形式口服20mg/kg獐芽菜苦苷后,体内代谢动力学过程差异显著,其单体、片剂及多组份给药后AUC、CLz及Cmax等药代动力学参数(mean)差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),初步表明齐墩果酸能显著影响其体内代谢过程。
     结论建立并确证LC-MS/MS测定大鼠生物样品中獐芽菜苦苷的方法,首次获得獐牙菜苦苷系统药代数据。獐芽菜苦苷口服后吸收、分布快,生物利用度低,难以透过血脑屏障,以原型药物在尿及粪便中排泄比例低,单体、片剂及多组份给药后代谢过程差异显著。本研究结果将有助于獐芽菜苦苷后续的研究与开发。
OBJECTIVE Swertiamatin is a representative and abundant active constituent ofSwertia species, the systematic studies on the in vivo pharmacokinetics ofswertiamarin was carried out in rats for the purpose of elucidating the metabolicprofile of swertiamarin, and providing the referred information for further researchand development on it.
     METHODS (1) using SPE as the sample clean-up procedure, development andvalidation of a LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of swertiamarin in biologicalsample. After oral administration of20,50mg/kg and intravenous administration of4mg/kg to rats, a non-compartmental model was employed to calculate the parameters,the parameters and bioavailability were calculated for each subject by the DAS2.0software.(2) After oral administration of20mg/kg to rats, the urine and feces werecollected in different period. Calculation of accumulative excretion amount ofswertiamarin in urine and feces within48hours, as well as calculating theaccumulative excretion amount in the percentage of totally administration amount.(3)Tissue distribution of swertiamarin in rats after oral administration was studied. Ratswere serially euthanized by spondylopathy luxation at different time points, andtissues such as liver, heart, spleen, lung, kidney and brain were taken out and madeinto homogenates preparation with physiological saline.(4) To compare thepharmacokinetics of swertiamarin in rats after oral administration of swertiamarin(20mg/kg) of swertiamarin alone and Qingyedan tablet.
     RESULT (1) The result of the method validation was showed that the method wasapplicable to biological samples for the pharmacokinetic study. After oraladministration of20,50mg/kg and intravenous administration of4mg/kg to rats, thefollowing parameters were obtained (mean): Tmax:0.95,1,0h, respectively; T1/2:1.10,1.21,1.05h, respectively; Cmax:1920.1,3950.49,7391.5μg/L, respectively; AUC0–∞:3593.7,8177.03,7321.0μg/L·h, respectively. Low absolute bioavailability, F%=9.8%.(2) It was shown that after a single oral administration of20mg/kg to rats, theaccumulative excretion amount of swertiamarin by the unchanged drug form were1%in urine, and0.05%in feces.(3) For the first time study on the tissue distribution ofswertiamarin in rats. swertiamarin was rapidly, extensively distributed to the variousrat tissues after oral administration of50mg/kg, time to reach maximum tissuesconcentration was1h. In the time to Tmax, the concentration of swertiamarin in the tissues was that kidney>liver>lung>spleen>heart>brain. The concentration ofswertiamarin in the tissues was not high and it's hard to penetration into theblood–brain barrier. The results indicated that swertiamarin was rapidly eliminatedfrom the tissues, the tissue concentration of swertiamarin obviously declined in3hafter oral administration, and after12h, it could not find swertiamarin in tissues.(4) Incomparison with swertiamarin given alone, many parameters of swertiamarinpharmacokinetics, including AUC, CLz and Cmax, differed significantly(P<0.05)fromco-administration. Preliminary results indicate that the oleanolic acid may affectes thepharmacokinetics of the swertiamarin.
     Conclusion Development and validation of a LC-MS/MS method for thequantification of swertiamarin in biological samples. For the first time obtained thepharmacokinetic properties of swertiamarin in rats. It is showed that swertiamarin wasrapidly absorbed into the circulation system and rapidly eliminated from the tissues.Furthermore, the absolute bioavailability is low, and swertiamarin is hard topenetration into the blood-brain barrier, excreted by the unchanged drug from theurine and feces were low; marked variability in pharmacokinetics were exsisted afteradministration of swertiamarin alone and tablet. The pharmacokinetic parametersdetermined in this study will help guide design of dosing in future studies.
引文
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