小麦田菵草（Beckmannia syzigachne （Steud.）Fernald）对精噁唑禾草灵抗药性的初步研究
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摘要
本文以江苏、上海等地区的小麦田菵草为主要研究对象,通过种子生物测定法和整株测定法测定了不同地区菵草种群对精噁唑禾草灵的敏感性水平；以江苏句容小麦田菵草种群为研究对象,采用种子生物测定法和整株测定法,测定了其对芳氧基苯氧基丙酸酯类(AOPP)及环己烯酮类(CHD)除草剂的交互抗性水平,并运用整株测定法测定了江苏句容小麦田菵草种群的多抗性水平；采用培养皿法,初步研究了江苏句容小麦田菵草种群对环境的适应性；并通过室内生物测定法,研究了化学农药控制抗精唑禾草灵菵草的可行技术。结果如下：
通过采集于2009年的17个不同菵草种群对精噁唑禾草灵的敏感性测定可知,14个菵草种群对精噁唑禾草灵产生了不同程度的抗药性,其中江苏句容小麦田菵草种群具有极高的抗性水平,种子生物测定的相对抗性倍数为144.24,整株测定的相对抗性倍数为174.42,为本研究的相对抗性种群；南京中山陵种群的ED50最小,为本研究的相对敏感种群；并采用种子生物测定法测定了2010年的15个不同菵草种群对精噁唑禾草灵的抗药性水平,结果也表明了菵草对精噁唑禾草灵产生了抗药性,且句容种群仍然抗性程度最高,中山陵种群敏感程度最高。
交互抗性及多抗性的研究表明：句容小麦田菵草种群对芳氧基苯氧基丙酸酯类(aryloxyphenoxypropionates,简称AOPP)和环已烯酮类(cyclohexanediones,简称CHD)类其它药剂已产生了不同程度的抗药性,抗性水平依次为精喹禾灵(quizalofop-P-ethyl)>高效氟吡甲禾灵(haloxyfop-R-methyl)>炔草酯(clodinafop-propargyl)>烯草酮(clethodim)。对作用机理不同的其它除草剂未产生多抗性。
抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草的生态适应性研究表明：pH4-10条件下,两个种群的萌发率无显著性差异；全光照条件下,抗性菵草的萌发率显著低于敏感菵草；10℃条件下,抗性菵草的萌发率显著低于敏感菵草；水势胁迫和盐分胁迫对抗性菵草萌发的影响大于敏感菵草,当水势为-0.5 Mpa时,抗性菵草无萌发,敏感菵草萌发率为41.9%；当NaCl溶液浓度为160 mM时,抗性菵草无萌发,敏感菵草萌发率为51.7%。酸碱胁迫、水势胁迫、盐分胁迫对抗性菵草芽长及根长的抑制作用大于敏感菵草。
为了筛选有效药剂,对以抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草为优势种的麦田杂草进行防除,首先选用6种单剂对抗性菵草进行了室内生物测定,结果表明,乙草胺、甲基二磺隆、异丙隆、绿麦隆对抗性菵草具有较高的抑制率。综合考虑扩大杀草谱、药剂效果和防治成本,以抗性菵草和大巢菜为实验对象,利用Gowing法及等效线法进行复配剂配比的室内筛选,结果为：甲基二磺隆与苯磺隆的配比为1：2；异丙隆与绿麦隆的配比为1.5：1。通过室内生物测定法,测定了以上两组配方对抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草及大巢菜的生物活性,结果表明两组配方对抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草及大巢菜的综合抑制率均大于90%。
In this paper, the Beckmannia syzigachne Steud. Populations which were collected from wheat fields in Jiangsu province and Shanghai, were chosen as a mian research object. The susceptibility of B. syzigachne populations to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl was evaluated by both seed-bioassay and whole plant assay. Also the cross-resistance of the Jurong population to other AOPPs and CHD was determined by the same methods. And the mulitiple resistance of the Jurong population to other herbicides was measured by whole plant assay. The adatability of B. syzigachne to environment were studied by dish dipping method. Available techniques used for chemical control of B. syzigachne were studied in laboratory. Results obtained were listed as following:
The susceptibility of seventeen B. syzigachne populations (collected in 2009) to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl indicated that resistance to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl had occurred in fourteen B. syzigachne populations, in which Jurong population appeared to be the most resistant population with the highest relative resistance factors of 144.24 (by seed-bioassay) or 174.42 (by whole plant assay), and B. syzigachne population collected from the Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum was the susceptible population in this study with the lowest ED50 value. And the susceptibility level of fifteen B. syzigachne populations (collected in 2010) to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl determined by seed- bioassay indicated that most of B. syzigachne populations were resistant to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl. And Jurong population also was the most resistant population, B. syzigachne population collected from the Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum also was the susceptible population.
The study of the cross-resistance and mulitiple resistance revealed that Jurong population was also resistant to other AOPPs and CHD. It was concluded that the resistance level was ranked as below:quizalofop-P-ethyl>haloxyfop-R-methy> clodinafop-propargyl>clethodim, and had no mulitiple resistance to other herbicides.
The study of ecological adaptability of B. syzigachne population resistant to fenoxiaprop-p-ethyl showed that no significant difference was observed in the seed germination of both the resistant and susceptible population at pH values ranged from 4 to 10. Germination rate of the resistant seeds was lower than the susceptible seeds under conditions of whole light or 10℃. The inhibitions of osmotic potential and salt stress on the germination of resistant population were higher than to the susceptible population. The resistant seeds germination was completely inhibited under the -0.5 Mpa osmotic potential, while the susceptible seeds germination rate could reach 41.9%. The resistant seeds germination was completely inhibited under 160 mM salt concentration, while the susceptible seeds germination rate was 51.7%. The inhibition of pH stress, water potential and salt-stress to the shoot and root length of resistant population was greater than to the susceptible population.
In order to screen out effective herbicides that could be used to control B. syzigachne resistant to Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl in wheat fields, the suspectibility of B. syzigachne resistant population to six herbicides were evaluated by pot-spraying method. The investigation revealed that acetochlor, mesosulfuron, isoproturon and chlorotoluron could control B. syzigachne effectively. According to the principles of expanding kill-weeding table, reducing the cost and increasing effect, t were used to the screening of the optimum formulation was conducted by Gowing's method and isoble method and two optimum formulation were obtained, which were imesosulfuron mixed with tribenuron-methyl (ratio of 1:2) and isoproturon mixed with chlorotoluron (ration of 1.5:1). The suspectibility of B. syzigachne and V. sativa to the two groups of mixtures was evaluated by pot-spraying methed, in which two groups got the general inhibition rate over 90%.
通过采集于2009年的17个不同菵草种群对精噁唑禾草灵的敏感性测定可知,14个菵草种群对精噁唑禾草灵产生了不同程度的抗药性,其中江苏句容小麦田菵草种群具有极高的抗性水平,种子生物测定的相对抗性倍数为144.24,整株测定的相对抗性倍数为174.42,为本研究的相对抗性种群；南京中山陵种群的ED50最小,为本研究的相对敏感种群；并采用种子生物测定法测定了2010年的15个不同菵草种群对精噁唑禾草灵的抗药性水平,结果也表明了菵草对精噁唑禾草灵产生了抗药性,且句容种群仍然抗性程度最高,中山陵种群敏感程度最高。
交互抗性及多抗性的研究表明：句容小麦田菵草种群对芳氧基苯氧基丙酸酯类(aryloxyphenoxypropionates,简称AOPP)和环已烯酮类(cyclohexanediones,简称CHD)类其它药剂已产生了不同程度的抗药性,抗性水平依次为精喹禾灵(quizalofop-P-ethyl)>高效氟吡甲禾灵(haloxyfop-R-methyl)>炔草酯(clodinafop-propargyl)>烯草酮(clethodim)。对作用机理不同的其它除草剂未产生多抗性。
抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草的生态适应性研究表明：pH4-10条件下,两个种群的萌发率无显著性差异；全光照条件下,抗性菵草的萌发率显著低于敏感菵草；10℃条件下,抗性菵草的萌发率显著低于敏感菵草；水势胁迫和盐分胁迫对抗性菵草萌发的影响大于敏感菵草,当水势为-0.5 Mpa时,抗性菵草无萌发,敏感菵草萌发率为41.9%；当NaCl溶液浓度为160 mM时,抗性菵草无萌发,敏感菵草萌发率为51.7%。酸碱胁迫、水势胁迫、盐分胁迫对抗性菵草芽长及根长的抑制作用大于敏感菵草。
为了筛选有效药剂,对以抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草为优势种的麦田杂草进行防除,首先选用6种单剂对抗性菵草进行了室内生物测定,结果表明,乙草胺、甲基二磺隆、异丙隆、绿麦隆对抗性菵草具有较高的抑制率。综合考虑扩大杀草谱、药剂效果和防治成本,以抗性菵草和大巢菜为实验对象,利用Gowing法及等效线法进行复配剂配比的室内筛选,结果为：甲基二磺隆与苯磺隆的配比为1：2；异丙隆与绿麦隆的配比为1.5：1。通过室内生物测定法,测定了以上两组配方对抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草及大巢菜的生物活性,结果表明两组配方对抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草及大巢菜的综合抑制率均大于90%。
In this paper, the Beckmannia syzigachne Steud. Populations which were collected from wheat fields in Jiangsu province and Shanghai, were chosen as a mian research object. The susceptibility of B. syzigachne populations to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl was evaluated by both seed-bioassay and whole plant assay. Also the cross-resistance of the Jurong population to other AOPPs and CHD was determined by the same methods. And the mulitiple resistance of the Jurong population to other herbicides was measured by whole plant assay. The adatability of B. syzigachne to environment were studied by dish dipping method. Available techniques used for chemical control of B. syzigachne were studied in laboratory. Results obtained were listed as following:
The susceptibility of seventeen B. syzigachne populations (collected in 2009) to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl indicated that resistance to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl had occurred in fourteen B. syzigachne populations, in which Jurong population appeared to be the most resistant population with the highest relative resistance factors of 144.24 (by seed-bioassay) or 174.42 (by whole plant assay), and B. syzigachne population collected from the Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum was the susceptible population in this study with the lowest ED50 value. And the susceptibility level of fifteen B. syzigachne populations (collected in 2010) to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl determined by seed- bioassay indicated that most of B. syzigachne populations were resistant to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl. And Jurong population also was the most resistant population, B. syzigachne population collected from the Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum also was the susceptible population.
The study of the cross-resistance and mulitiple resistance revealed that Jurong population was also resistant to other AOPPs and CHD. It was concluded that the resistance level was ranked as below:quizalofop-P-ethyl>haloxyfop-R-methy> clodinafop-propargyl>clethodim, and had no mulitiple resistance to other herbicides.
The study of ecological adaptability of B. syzigachne population resistant to fenoxiaprop-p-ethyl showed that no significant difference was observed in the seed germination of both the resistant and susceptible population at pH values ranged from 4 to 10. Germination rate of the resistant seeds was lower than the susceptible seeds under conditions of whole light or 10℃. The inhibitions of osmotic potential and salt stress on the germination of resistant population were higher than to the susceptible population. The resistant seeds germination was completely inhibited under the -0.5 Mpa osmotic potential, while the susceptible seeds germination rate could reach 41.9%. The resistant seeds germination was completely inhibited under 160 mM salt concentration, while the susceptible seeds germination rate was 51.7%. The inhibition of pH stress, water potential and salt-stress to the shoot and root length of resistant population was greater than to the susceptible population.
In order to screen out effective herbicides that could be used to control B. syzigachne resistant to Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl in wheat fields, the suspectibility of B. syzigachne resistant population to six herbicides were evaluated by pot-spraying method. The investigation revealed that acetochlor, mesosulfuron, isoproturon and chlorotoluron could control B. syzigachne effectively. According to the principles of expanding kill-weeding table, reducing the cost and increasing effect, t were used to the screening of the optimum formulation was conducted by Gowing's method and isoble method and two optimum formulation were obtained, which were imesosulfuron mixed with tribenuron-methyl (ratio of 1:2) and isoproturon mixed with chlorotoluron (ration of 1.5:1). The suspectibility of B. syzigachne and V. sativa to the two groups of mixtures was evaluated by pot-spraying methed, in which two groups got the general inhibition rate over 90%.
引文
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