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我国粮食补贴政策的实施效果分析
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摘要
“民以食为天”,粮食是人类生存与发展的基础,对维护国家政治经济安全和社会稳定起着重要的作用。粮食生产具有弱质性,需要采取适当的补贴政策来对进行保护。近年来国际粮食危机与国内农民增收困难使得完善我国粮食补贴政策迫在眉睫。我国粮食补贴政策从主要补贴流通领域向补贴种粮农民不断转变,对粮食增产与农民增收起到了一定的积极作用,但在政策实施过程中表现出一定的局限性,限制了政策效果的发挥。如何科学合理地分析我国粮食补贴的实施效果、分析影响其效应发挥的主要因素,提出相关政策建议,增强我国粮食产业的国际竞争力,是我国目前亟待解决的问题。
     本文对粮食补贴进行多角度的理论与实证方面的研究,探讨了实施粮食补贴的必要性与经济理论依据,回顾了我国粮食补贴政策的历史变迁,分析了我国现行粮食补贴政策的实施情况,采用灰色关联度分析方法实证分析粮食补贴政策对粮食生产与农民收入的影响,建立多元回归模型,通过最小二乘法对粮食的生产要素产出弹性进行量化分析以改进粮食补贴政策的效果,通过评估现行粮食补贴政策的实施效果:发现粮食补贴对粮食产量与农民收入具有一定程度的影响,但影响程度不够显著;农资综合直补和粮食直补对粮食生产的刺激性较大。根据实证结果,本文提出了相关政策建议,对我国粮食补贴政策体系的进一步完善具有一定的参考意义。
The grain is not only a necessity for human survival and development, but also importantmaterials for maintenance of the national political and economic security and social stability.Due to the inferiority of the grain industry, appropriate subsidy policies should be taken toprotect it. In recent years, the international grain crisis and the domestic farmers' incomedifficulties become serious. Improving China's grain subsidy policy is imminent. The key ofChina's grain subsidy policy is changing from circulation areas to grain farmers. It has played apositive role in improving grain production and farmers' income. But in the process of policyimplementation, the policies show some limitations limit the effectiveness. To study the effect ofthe implementation of China's grain subsidies and the main factors to affect the effects, and giverelevant policy advice to enhance the international competitiveness of China's grain industry areimportant problems to be solved.
     Multi-angle theoretical and empirical research on grain subsidies, discusses of the need forthe implementation of grain subsidies and economic theoretical basis, describes of the history ofChina's grain subsidy policy changes, and detailed analysis of the status quo of China's grainsubsidy policy are included in this paper. By using grey correlation degree analysis,we studythe affection of subsidy policy to grain security and farmers 'income. With the multipleregression model and least squares method, quantitative analysis is made to study the outputelasticity of food production elements to improve grain subsidy policy effect. By assessing thecurrent grain subsidies policy implementation effect, we found that grain subsidies make somedegree of influence on the rain output and peasants income. But the effect was not significant.Subsidies for production material and direct grain subsidies and played a big role. The empiricalresults of this paper have certain reference significance to the relevant policy recommendations.
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