南黄海小型底栖生物生态学和海洋线虫分类学研究
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摘要
本文利用2003年1月在南黄海鳀鱼越冬场22个站位所采集的未受扰动的沉积物样品,对南黄海小型底栖生物的环境、小型底栖生物的数量、自由生活海洋线虫的群落结构、多样性和分类学进行了研究。
结果表明,研究海域的沉积物类型以粘土质粉砂(YT)和粉砂质粘土(TY)为主,沉积物的粒级和组分影响着沉积物中有机质和叶绿素a的含量和分布。在南黄海沉积物表层(0-2cm)和次表层(2-5cm)中,叶绿素a的平均含量分别是0.399±0.179mg/kg和0.211±0.141mg/kg。脱镁叶绿素a的平均含量分别是1.609±0.812mg/kg和0.959±0.581mg/kg。叶绿素a和脱镁叶绿素a的平面分布和垂直分布是一致的,表明两者是同源的,即两者均由底栖藻类和由浮游藻类沉降而来。沉积物有机质含量平均为2.75%±1.12%。对沉积物中叶绿素a、脱镁叶绿素a、有机质、含水量和黏土含量进行的Spearman's相关分析表明,它们在沉积物中的存在是密切相关的。
共鉴定出自由生活线虫(Nematoda)、底栖桡足类(Copepoda)、多毛类(Polychaeta)、介形类(Ostracoda)、双壳类(Bivalvia)、腹足类(Gastropoda)、腹毛虫(Gastrotricha)、动吻(Kinorhyncha)、涡虫(Turbellaria)、蛇尾(Ophiuroidea)螨类(Halacarida)、水螅虫(Hydrozoa)、端足类(Amphipoda)、异足类(Tanaidacea)和涟虫(Cumacea)等15个小型底栖动物类群。小型底栖动物的平均丰度为954±289ind/10cm~2,海洋线虫占绝对优势,其平均丰度为831±247ind/10cm~2,占小型底栖动物总丰度的87.1%。底栖桡足类居第二位,丰度为42±27ind/10cm~2,占小型底栖动物总丰度的4.4%。小型底栖动物的平均生物量和生产量分别是1054.2±491.0μg dwt/10cm~2和9487.8±4415.0μg dwt/10cm~2·a。文中对南黄海小型底栖动物的数量与国内外其它海域的研究结果进行了比较,南黄海小型底栖动物的丰度、生物量的数值与国内其它海域的数值接近,处在同一个数量级。
The benthic environment, the abundance, the biomass and production, the community structure and biodiversity of meiofauna and systematics of free-living marine nematodes were quantitatively studied at a grid of twenty two stations during the cruise of investigation for over winter ground of anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) in the Southern Yellow Sea, China in January 2003. The main results are as follows:Sedimentary grain size and the distribution of sediment type were analyzed. The sediment type of the stations mainly belongs to silt - clay or clay - silt. The grain size and the component of sediment influenced the contents and distributions of chlorophyll-a, phaeopigments and organic matter. The average concentration of chlorophyll-a in surface (0~2cm) and subsurface sediment (2~5cm) are 0.399±0.179 mg/kg sediment and 0.211±0.141 mg/kg sediment, respectively. The contents of phaeopigments in surface (0~2cm) and subsurface sediment (2~5cm) are 1.609 ± 0.812 mg/kg and 0.959 ± 0.581 mg/kg respectively. The average content of organic matter is 2.75%±1.12%. The correlations between the sedimentary environment factors were significant.A total of fifteen groups of meiofauna: nematoda, copepoda, polycheata, ostracoda, kinorhyncha, bivalve, gastropoda, gastrotricha, turbellaria, ophiuroidea, halacarida, hydrozoa, tanaidancea, amphipoda and cumacea were identified at 22 stations in this cruise. Nematode is the dominant group, accounting for 87.1% of total number of meiofauna, with copepoda in the second, accounting for 4.4%. The mean abundance, biomass and production of meiofauna were 954±289 ind/10 cm~2, 1054.2±491.0μg dwt/10cm~2 and 9487.8±4415.0 ug dwt/10 cm~2· a, respectively, and 81.5% of total number lives in the surface layer (0-2 cm) of sediments. The mean abundance of
nematode is 831 ±247 ind /10 cm2, which accounts for 87.1% of total number of meiofauna, and 80.1% of which lives in the surface layer (0-2 cm) of sediments. Compared with the abundance and biomass of other studies in and outside the Chinese waters, results of the Southern Yellow Sea is close to each other in having the same magnitude. The correlations among the numbers of meiofauna, nematodes and some environmental factors were analyzed.The proportion of four feeding types of nematode varies at different stations, but the deposit feeders (2A) are the dominant type and account for more than 50%. The nematode individuals are identified as females, males and juveniles in this study. Generally the number of juveniles accounts for above 60% of total number of nematodes. The ratio of females to males is 1.27(±0.3): 1. The individual average dry weight of nematode is different given different authors. The individual average dry weight of nematodes at selected six stations in the Southern Yellow Sea varied from 0.01 |ig to 31.32 ug, averaging 0.261 ug, lower than 0.4ug which incited by other authors in the references. The community structure of nematodes was studied. Clustering analysis showed that the community structures at different stations are divided into two groups, and belong to the cold water community of the subtidal muddy.The sheldon size spectra, biomass size spectra and normalized biomass spectra of the Southern Yellow Sea were constructed. The patterns of size spectra are similar at different stations. Two peaks occur at ESD 125-500 um and 8-16 mm respectively. It is separated by typically low valley at 0.5-1 mm. Normalized biomass spectra are constructed to compare the productivity of different ecosystems, and the production of zoobenthos of four studied stations was calculated by means of the normalized biomass spectra.Two hundred and twenty-three species (or taxa) of free-living marine nematodes belonging to 145 genera, 32 families and 4 orders are identified. Two genera and eighteen species of them were new to science. Name list of nematodes in the Southern Yellow Sea was given. Two new genera: Abelbolla gen. nov., Paramphimonhystrella gen.nov. and eighteen new species: Abelbolla boucheri sp. nov., Abelbolla huanghaiensis sp. nov., Abelbolla warwicki sp. nov., Belbolla huanghaiensis sp. nov.,
Belbolla stenocephalum sp. nov., Belbolla warwicki sp. nov., Curvolaimus filiformis sp. nov., Trichotheristus articularus sp. nov., Oncholaimus multisetosus sp. nov., Sabatieria stenocephalus sp. nov., Setosabatieria coomansi sp. nov., Paramicrolaimus boucheri sp. nov., Terschellingia major sp. nov., Halalaimus longiamphidus sp. nov., Leptolaimodes decorus sp. nov., Paramphimonhystrella elegans sp. nov., Paramphimonhystrella minor sp. nov. and Paramphimonhystrella sinica sp. nov. were described and illustrated, respectively.
结果表明,研究海域的沉积物类型以粘土质粉砂(YT)和粉砂质粘土(TY)为主,沉积物的粒级和组分影响着沉积物中有机质和叶绿素a的含量和分布。在南黄海沉积物表层(0-2cm)和次表层(2-5cm)中,叶绿素a的平均含量分别是0.399±0.179mg/kg和0.211±0.141mg/kg。脱镁叶绿素a的平均含量分别是1.609±0.812mg/kg和0.959±0.581mg/kg。叶绿素a和脱镁叶绿素a的平面分布和垂直分布是一致的,表明两者是同源的,即两者均由底栖藻类和由浮游藻类沉降而来。沉积物有机质含量平均为2.75%±1.12%。对沉积物中叶绿素a、脱镁叶绿素a、有机质、含水量和黏土含量进行的Spearman's相关分析表明,它们在沉积物中的存在是密切相关的。
共鉴定出自由生活线虫(Nematoda)、底栖桡足类(Copepoda)、多毛类(Polychaeta)、介形类(Ostracoda)、双壳类(Bivalvia)、腹足类(Gastropoda)、腹毛虫(Gastrotricha)、动吻(Kinorhyncha)、涡虫(Turbellaria)、蛇尾(Ophiuroidea)螨类(Halacarida)、水螅虫(Hydrozoa)、端足类(Amphipoda)、异足类(Tanaidacea)和涟虫(Cumacea)等15个小型底栖动物类群。小型底栖动物的平均丰度为954±289ind/10cm~2,海洋线虫占绝对优势,其平均丰度为831±247ind/10cm~2,占小型底栖动物总丰度的87.1%。底栖桡足类居第二位,丰度为42±27ind/10cm~2,占小型底栖动物总丰度的4.4%。小型底栖动物的平均生物量和生产量分别是1054.2±491.0μg dwt/10cm~2和9487.8±4415.0μg dwt/10cm~2·a。文中对南黄海小型底栖动物的数量与国内外其它海域的研究结果进行了比较,南黄海小型底栖动物的丰度、生物量的数值与国内其它海域的数值接近,处在同一个数量级。
The benthic environment, the abundance, the biomass and production, the community structure and biodiversity of meiofauna and systematics of free-living marine nematodes were quantitatively studied at a grid of twenty two stations during the cruise of investigation for over winter ground of anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) in the Southern Yellow Sea, China in January 2003. The main results are as follows:Sedimentary grain size and the distribution of sediment type were analyzed. The sediment type of the stations mainly belongs to silt - clay or clay - silt. The grain size and the component of sediment influenced the contents and distributions of chlorophyll-a, phaeopigments and organic matter. The average concentration of chlorophyll-a in surface (0~2cm) and subsurface sediment (2~5cm) are 0.399±0.179 mg/kg sediment and 0.211±0.141 mg/kg sediment, respectively. The contents of phaeopigments in surface (0~2cm) and subsurface sediment (2~5cm) are 1.609 ± 0.812 mg/kg and 0.959 ± 0.581 mg/kg respectively. The average content of organic matter is 2.75%±1.12%. The correlations between the sedimentary environment factors were significant.A total of fifteen groups of meiofauna: nematoda, copepoda, polycheata, ostracoda, kinorhyncha, bivalve, gastropoda, gastrotricha, turbellaria, ophiuroidea, halacarida, hydrozoa, tanaidancea, amphipoda and cumacea were identified at 22 stations in this cruise. Nematode is the dominant group, accounting for 87.1% of total number of meiofauna, with copepoda in the second, accounting for 4.4%. The mean abundance, biomass and production of meiofauna were 954±289 ind/10 cm~2, 1054.2±491.0μg dwt/10cm~2 and 9487.8±4415.0 ug dwt/10 cm~2· a, respectively, and 81.5% of total number lives in the surface layer (0-2 cm) of sediments. The mean abundance of
nematode is 831 ±247 ind /10 cm2, which accounts for 87.1% of total number of meiofauna, and 80.1% of which lives in the surface layer (0-2 cm) of sediments. Compared with the abundance and biomass of other studies in and outside the Chinese waters, results of the Southern Yellow Sea is close to each other in having the same magnitude. The correlations among the numbers of meiofauna, nematodes and some environmental factors were analyzed.The proportion of four feeding types of nematode varies at different stations, but the deposit feeders (2A) are the dominant type and account for more than 50%. The nematode individuals are identified as females, males and juveniles in this study. Generally the number of juveniles accounts for above 60% of total number of nematodes. The ratio of females to males is 1.27(±0.3): 1. The individual average dry weight of nematode is different given different authors. The individual average dry weight of nematodes at selected six stations in the Southern Yellow Sea varied from 0.01 |ig to 31.32 ug, averaging 0.261 ug, lower than 0.4ug which incited by other authors in the references. The community structure of nematodes was studied. Clustering analysis showed that the community structures at different stations are divided into two groups, and belong to the cold water community of the subtidal muddy.The sheldon size spectra, biomass size spectra and normalized biomass spectra of the Southern Yellow Sea were constructed. The patterns of size spectra are similar at different stations. Two peaks occur at ESD 125-500 um and 8-16 mm respectively. It is separated by typically low valley at 0.5-1 mm. Normalized biomass spectra are constructed to compare the productivity of different ecosystems, and the production of zoobenthos of four studied stations was calculated by means of the normalized biomass spectra.Two hundred and twenty-three species (or taxa) of free-living marine nematodes belonging to 145 genera, 32 families and 4 orders are identified. Two genera and eighteen species of them were new to science. Name list of nematodes in the Southern Yellow Sea was given. Two new genera: Abelbolla gen. nov., Paramphimonhystrella gen.nov. and eighteen new species: Abelbolla boucheri sp. nov., Abelbolla huanghaiensis sp. nov., Abelbolla warwicki sp. nov., Belbolla huanghaiensis sp. nov.,
Belbolla stenocephalum sp. nov., Belbolla warwicki sp. nov., Curvolaimus filiformis sp. nov., Trichotheristus articularus sp. nov., Oncholaimus multisetosus sp. nov., Sabatieria stenocephalus sp. nov., Setosabatieria coomansi sp. nov., Paramicrolaimus boucheri sp. nov., Terschellingia major sp. nov., Halalaimus longiamphidus sp. nov., Leptolaimodes decorus sp. nov., Paramphimonhystrella elegans sp. nov., Paramphimonhystrella minor sp. nov. and Paramphimonhystrella sinica sp. nov. were described and illustrated, respectively.
引文
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