从粉煤灰中提取多种微细氧化物的研究
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摘要
随着人们对粉煤灰认识的不断深入,对其研究工作日渐高涨。近年来,人们对粉煤灰的研究不仅限于其在制砖、填料和其他建筑材料等方面的应用,还着眼于粉煤灰中有效元素的提取以实现粉煤灰的资源化利用。故此,本文研究了用酸碱联合法分步溶出粉煤灰中Si、Al、Fe规律,主要研究内容和结论如下:
本文以贵阳火力发电厂排放的粉煤灰为研究对象,利用SEM、XRD等现代分析手段着重研究了灰样的理化性质,并对其进行了表征。实验结果表明,粉煤灰以非晶态物质为主,存在一定量的低温产物,Fe主要以赤铁矿的形式存在,Al则主要存在于非晶态物质和原始矿物中。粉煤灰中主要有石英、高岭石和伊利石、方解石和长石等较为稳定的矿物组成,颗粒形貌主要为沉珠、漂珠、未熔矿物、碳粒等。
将粉煤灰与Na_2CO_3按一定的比例混合后焙烧,采用酸碱联合法提取粉煤灰中SiO_2、Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3。通过实验研究,分析了工艺条件对粉煤灰中氧化物提取率的影响,并优化出煅烧温度、碱灰比例、浸取时间、HCl浓度和NaOH浓度等最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明,从粉煤灰中提取氧化物的最佳条件是:Na_2CO_3与粉煤灰的比例0.6:1.0,煅烧温度850℃,HCl浓度4mol·L~(-1),NaOH浓度2.6 mol~(-1),浸取时间约6h。在此条件下,得出微细SiO_2、Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3的晶体,SiO_2、Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3的提取率分别达92.60%,86.10%,90.20%,其平均粒度分别为氧化硅1.107μm,氧化铝1.334μm,氧化铁0.783μm。
With the development of knowledge about fly ash,the study on it is more and more.In these years,the study on fly ash dose not only include its using as stuffing、brick and other architecture materials,but also include the extraction of silica、alumina、ferric oxide,it makes resource elizatitonal utilization of fly ash be reality.So,this paper studied the discinplination of silica and alumina in fly ash step-leached by means of acid and alkali combination method, The main studies and conclusions were as follows:
The fly ash sample from power plant in Guiyang were studied.physico-chemical properties and surface modification by SEM、XRD.Results showed,that the main components in the fly ash of Guiyang were noncrystalline,themain form of Fe is hematite,and Al existed in noncrystal and the original mineral.The maincomponents in the fly ash of Guiyang were steady mineral such as quartz,kaolinite,calcite and feldspar.Granule apperence was dominated mainly by the floating ball,carbon grainan and etc.
The fly ash and Na_2CO_3 were mixed quantificationally and sintered,and then silicon dioxide,alumina and ferric oxide were extracted from fly ash by acid and alkali combination method,The influences of technical conditions were studied on the extraction efficiency of oxide from fly ash,The technology conditions such as calcination temperature、the rate of alkali to ash,marinated time,the concentration of acid and alkali were optimized.Experimental results indicate that,the optimal extraction conditions of oxide from fly ash as follows:the ratio of Na_2CO_3 to fly ash is 0.6:1.0,calcined temperature is 850℃, the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 4 mol·L~(-1),the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 2.6 mol·L~(-1),soakage for 6h.According to the conditions above,the extractive efficiency of slica is 92.60%,the extractive rate of alumina is 86.10%,and the extractive rate of ferric oxide is 92.20%;the average granularity of crystal is as follows:silicon dioxide 1.107μm, alumina 1.334μm,and ferric oxide 0.783μm.
本文以贵阳火力发电厂排放的粉煤灰为研究对象,利用SEM、XRD等现代分析手段着重研究了灰样的理化性质,并对其进行了表征。实验结果表明,粉煤灰以非晶态物质为主,存在一定量的低温产物,Fe主要以赤铁矿的形式存在,Al则主要存在于非晶态物质和原始矿物中。粉煤灰中主要有石英、高岭石和伊利石、方解石和长石等较为稳定的矿物组成,颗粒形貌主要为沉珠、漂珠、未熔矿物、碳粒等。
将粉煤灰与Na_2CO_3按一定的比例混合后焙烧,采用酸碱联合法提取粉煤灰中SiO_2、Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3。通过实验研究,分析了工艺条件对粉煤灰中氧化物提取率的影响,并优化出煅烧温度、碱灰比例、浸取时间、HCl浓度和NaOH浓度等最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明,从粉煤灰中提取氧化物的最佳条件是:Na_2CO_3与粉煤灰的比例0.6:1.0,煅烧温度850℃,HCl浓度4mol·L~(-1),NaOH浓度2.6 mol~(-1),浸取时间约6h。在此条件下,得出微细SiO_2、Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3的晶体,SiO_2、Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3的提取率分别达92.60%,86.10%,90.20%,其平均粒度分别为氧化硅1.107μm,氧化铝1.334μm,氧化铁0.783μm。
With the development of knowledge about fly ash,the study on it is more and more.In these years,the study on fly ash dose not only include its using as stuffing、brick and other architecture materials,but also include the extraction of silica、alumina、ferric oxide,it makes resource elizatitonal utilization of fly ash be reality.So,this paper studied the discinplination of silica and alumina in fly ash step-leached by means of acid and alkali combination method, The main studies and conclusions were as follows:
The fly ash sample from power plant in Guiyang were studied.physico-chemical properties and surface modification by SEM、XRD.Results showed,that the main components in the fly ash of Guiyang were noncrystalline,themain form of Fe is hematite,and Al existed in noncrystal and the original mineral.The maincomponents in the fly ash of Guiyang were steady mineral such as quartz,kaolinite,calcite and feldspar.Granule apperence was dominated mainly by the floating ball,carbon grainan and etc.
The fly ash and Na_2CO_3 were mixed quantificationally and sintered,and then silicon dioxide,alumina and ferric oxide were extracted from fly ash by acid and alkali combination method,The influences of technical conditions were studied on the extraction efficiency of oxide from fly ash,The technology conditions such as calcination temperature、the rate of alkali to ash,marinated time,the concentration of acid and alkali were optimized.Experimental results indicate that,the optimal extraction conditions of oxide from fly ash as follows:the ratio of Na_2CO_3 to fly ash is 0.6:1.0,calcined temperature is 850℃, the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 4 mol·L~(-1),the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 2.6 mol·L~(-1),soakage for 6h.According to the conditions above,the extractive efficiency of slica is 92.60%,the extractive rate of alumina is 86.10%,and the extractive rate of ferric oxide is 92.20%;the average granularity of crystal is as follows:silicon dioxide 1.107μm, alumina 1.334μm,and ferric oxide 0.783μm.
引文
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[2]翟建平,何富安,龚同生.粉煤灰中有用元素的提取技术.粉煤灰综合利用,1995(4):44-46
[3]王福元,吴正严.粉煤灰利用手册[M].北京:中国电力山版社,1999
[4]钱觉时.粉煤灰特性与粉煤灰混凝.科学山版社,2002年5月
[5]沈晓冬.中国粉煤灰综合利用现状、趋势和对策[C].第一届中国粉煤灰综合利用技术高级论坛会刊,2004.
[6]郭常颖,李多松,万田英.粉煤灰资源化现状研究[J],煤炭工程,2005,(11):69-70
[7]吕梁,候浩波。粉煤灰性能与利用.中国电力出版社,1998年
[8]孙抱真。粉煤灰的颗粒形貌及其物理性质[J].硅酸盐学报,1982,10(1):64-69
[9]王福元,吴正严。粉煤灰利用手册.中国电力出版社,1997。
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[11]康风雷.粉煤灰综合利用[J],节能,2000,(6):26-29
[12]孙俊民,韩德馨.粉煤灰的形成和特性及其应用前景.煤炭转化,1999(1):1014
[13]郑雨寿.煤岩成分对炭颗粒微结构及其烧烧特性的影响.煤炭学报,1990,15(2):80-84.
[14]郑雨寿.显微组分的残炭类型及其燃烧方式.中国矿业大学学报,1992,21(3):41-45.
[15]钱觉时.王智.吴传明.粉煤灰的矿物组成(中).粉煤灰的综合利用 2001(2):37-41
[16]朱天益.美国粉煤灰利用[J].粉煤灰综合利用,1994,(3):51-58
[17]邵靖邦.欧洲国家粉煤灰利用[J].粉煤灰综合利用,1996,(2):43-47
[18]王溥.国内外粉煤灰利用沿革与发展(下)[J].粉煤灰,1998,(5):13-16
[19]G Davis and J.H Song.Biodegradable packaging based on raw materials from crops and their impactonwastemanagement[J],IndustrialCropsandProducts,2006,(3):147-161
[20]季学李.大气污染控制工程[M].上海:同济人学出版社,1992:113
[21]Gibbins.J.R,Williamson.J.The Origin of unbumt carbon in pulverized fuel ash.Canada:Proc Int Conf on Coal Sci,1993.35-38
[22]周宏春.循环经济与循环经济学[J].科技中国,2005,
[23]康风雷.粉煤灰综合利用[J].节能,2000,(6):26-29
[24]康风雷.粉煤灰综合利用[J].节能,2000,(6):3-4
[25]欧阳小琴等.粉煤灰资源综合利用的现状[J].江西能源,2002,(2):20-22
[26]古德生等.粉煤灰应用研究现状[J].采矿技术,2002,2(2):1-4
[27]沈晓冬,唐明亮,何富安.中国粉煤灰综合利用现状、趋势和对策[J].环境保护科学,2005,24(8):15-17
[28]饶铃丽,曹建新,张洪波等.粉煤灰透水砖的制备研究.新型建筑材料.2005.
[29]李贵宝.粉煤灰农业利用展望[J].粉煤灰综合利用,1999,(3):48-52
[30]王华,陈德平,宋存义等.粉煤灰利用研究现状及其在环境中的应用.环境与开发,2001,16(1):4-6.
[31]韩怀强,蒋挺大.粉煤灰利用技术.化学工业山版社,2002年1月.
[32]永野卓三旧.从粉煤灰中回收有价值物的研究现状.煤炭综合利用(译丛),1989,3
[33]周广柱,王翠珍,刘晓明.钾长石分解副产物制聚砘酸硫酸铝的研究[J],能源环境保护,2004,18(5)
[34]张策,何绪文.煤矿固体废物治理与利用[M],北京:煤炭工业山版社,1998:133-164
[35]Sudha Jala and Dinesh Goyal.Fly ash as a soil ameliorant for improving crop production[J],Bioresource Technology,2006,(6):1136-1147)
[36]郭常颖,李多松,万田英.粉煤灰资源化现状研究[J].煤炭工程,2005,(11):69-70
[37]黄爽,蔡树英,杨金忠.电厂粉煤灰场对地下水环境影响的初步研究[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2005,34(5):7-11
[38]孙俊民,韩德馨.粉煤灰的形成和特性及其应用前景.煤炭转化,1999(1):1014
[39]董树军,何凤鸣.粉煤灰处理生活污水[J],华北电力大学学报,1997,24(2):83-87
[40]LevyS.T.SolidWasteFactbook[M],Washington:1996
[41]古德生等.粉煤灰应用研究现状[J],采矿技术,2002,2(2):14
[42]吕梁等.粉煤灰性能与利用,北京:中国电力山版社,
[43]徐俊丰,张朋革.从粉煤灰中分选铁精矿粉的试验.《粉煤友综合利用》1998年第2期
[44]杨林,张义,谭迅,周强武,曹建新.SiO_2凝胶及超细粉的制备与性能表征
[45]仇振琢.铝土矿预脱硅工艺的改进.轻金属,1985,No.9,9-12
[46]赵英等.低温法从飞灰中回收铝和硅的实验研究.[J]中国电力,1995(2):52-54
[47]黄杰明.非高温法提取粉煤灰中铝和硅的试验研究.明电力环境保护.2002,14(2):28-30
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