结合丰子恺的生平谈其绘画作品中的艺术特点
|
摘要
丰子恺是我国现代著名的画家，散文家，美术教育家。他的一生跨越了清朝末年到新中国建国以后的新旧社会的历史交替。由于他生活的特定的历史时期，使他先是完整地接受了中国传统文化的思想，又接受向西方现代文明学习的新思想。正是这样的思想历程塑造了丰子恺以及同一时代的一批文化巨匠。
本文通过对丰子恺的生活经历的简述以及对不同类型的代表作品的分析。试图全面地了解丰子恺绘画中的艺术风格，进而深层次发掘丰子恺绘画作品中特有的人文关怀。
本文第一部分为引言。阐述了丰子恺的艺术风格的特点，以及在今天研究丰子恺绘画在学术上和在社会思想上都是有一定意义的。
第二部分简述丰子恺的生平，通过不同时期的经历研究丰子恺不同时期的艺术风格的变化。丰子恺童年时生活在浙江省石门湾镇。20岁左右在浙江省立第一师范学校学习。在校期间结识了日后对他有着深远影响的两位老师李叔同和夏丏尊。李叔同对丰子恺艺术和思想上的影响特别大。夏丏尊主要对丰子恺文学方面有所启迪。这也可以说是丰子恺文学上和艺术上的起点。浙江省立第一师范学校毕业后不久，丰子恺赴日本留学。留学期间他偶然看到了日本漫画家竹久梦二的漫画作品，这些作品对丰子恺的绘画风格影响很大。回国后他开始创作自己的漫画，不久便在报刊上发表。随后出版了自己的画册《子恺漫画》。丰子恺漫画的艺术风格很有自己的特点，他的品受到了版画、传统绘画、西方造型艺术、日本漫画等多方面的影响。
本文第三章的前两部分首先探讨了子恺漫画与传统绘画之间的关系以及子恺漫画与竹久梦二绘画之间的关系。之后将丰子恺的漫画分为五个部分：古诗词漫画、儿童漫画、社会相漫画、战争相漫画和自然相漫画并分别对这些漫画的风格特点，思想内容等进行了分析。最后分析了丰子恺漫画中几处特点：人物被概括简化的五官；提款的变化；从速写风格向国画风格的转变。
丰子恺因为受到老师李叔同的影响皈依佛教。并绘制了六册《护生画集》。因为它的创作目的与《子恺漫画》不同，所以本文把它作为第四部分单独研究。
Zikai Feng, who is the famous painter, proser and educator of beaux-arts of China inmodern times. He's life was in the change from Qing Chao to new China when wasbetween new and old society in the history river.
Because he lived the especial time and environment in his life, Zikai Feng had acceptedthe whole conventional thought and civilization firstly, then learned the new thought ofwest civilization. In the process between the new and old thought, many people was moldedto great master by the course in that times.
This article, which depict the life, experience and analyzing his different magnum opusof Zikai Feng. It is help to realize the art style every sides in his painting, and understandhis especial humanism thought deeper step.
In the first part of this article is foreword. The primary content is expatiating thecharacteristic of Zikai Feng' art style and the important effect for learning and societythought in painting sides today.
In the second part, the primary content is expatiating his life, we investigate the changeof his art style in different times by his course.Zikai Feng, who was lived at Shimenwantown in Zhejiang province in his childhood. When he was about twenty, he learned in LidiFirst normal school in Zhejiang province. He met two teacher which were affected hisliterature and painting at school, first is Shutong Li, the other one is Gaizun Xia.
Shutong Li is a important teacher for Zikai Feng' art and thought, but Gaizun Xia is forliterature. That means this is the start point in the road of literature and painting.
After finishing school from Lidi First Lidi First normal school, Zikai Fen studiedabroad in Japan. By accident, he got a caricature which author is Takehisa Yomeji, who'sJapanese name is Takehisa Yomeji（"たけひさゆめじ）. This caricature was importanteffect for Zikai Feng' art style. After he was back China, he started to paint caricaturehimself. Then appeared his caricature, later, he publish his opus "Zikai Caricature". The artstyle of his caricature has his characteristic, which was affected from print, traditionpainting, west plastic arts, Japanese caricature and so on.
In the third part, the anterior two parts, discuss the connection between his caricatureand tradition painting and connection of caricature between caricature of Zikai Feng andpainting of Takehisa Yomeji. Then there are five parts to analyze the style and thought ofthis caricature, the parts as flow:
Ancient poetry caricature, children caricature, society caricature, war caricature andnature caricature.
Last, the characteristic was analyzed as like predigesting the five sense organs, thechange of inscription and the transformation of style from sketch to traditional Chinesepainting.
Because of the effect of his teacher, he converted Buddhism, and painted six volume,named "Protection for Living beings". It is different from "Zikai Caricature", therefore it isinvestigated by oneself as the fourth part.
本文通过对丰子恺的生活经历的简述以及对不同类型的代表作品的分析。试图全面地了解丰子恺绘画中的艺术风格，进而深层次发掘丰子恺绘画作品中特有的人文关怀。
本文第一部分为引言。阐述了丰子恺的艺术风格的特点，以及在今天研究丰子恺绘画在学术上和在社会思想上都是有一定意义的。
第二部分简述丰子恺的生平，通过不同时期的经历研究丰子恺不同时期的艺术风格的变化。丰子恺童年时生活在浙江省石门湾镇。20岁左右在浙江省立第一师范学校学习。在校期间结识了日后对他有着深远影响的两位老师李叔同和夏丏尊。李叔同对丰子恺艺术和思想上的影响特别大。夏丏尊主要对丰子恺文学方面有所启迪。这也可以说是丰子恺文学上和艺术上的起点。浙江省立第一师范学校毕业后不久，丰子恺赴日本留学。留学期间他偶然看到了日本漫画家竹久梦二的漫画作品，这些作品对丰子恺的绘画风格影响很大。回国后他开始创作自己的漫画，不久便在报刊上发表。随后出版了自己的画册《子恺漫画》。丰子恺漫画的艺术风格很有自己的特点，他的品受到了版画、传统绘画、西方造型艺术、日本漫画等多方面的影响。
本文第三章的前两部分首先探讨了子恺漫画与传统绘画之间的关系以及子恺漫画与竹久梦二绘画之间的关系。之后将丰子恺的漫画分为五个部分：古诗词漫画、儿童漫画、社会相漫画、战争相漫画和自然相漫画并分别对这些漫画的风格特点，思想内容等进行了分析。最后分析了丰子恺漫画中几处特点：人物被概括简化的五官；提款的变化；从速写风格向国画风格的转变。
丰子恺因为受到老师李叔同的影响皈依佛教。并绘制了六册《护生画集》。因为它的创作目的与《子恺漫画》不同，所以本文把它作为第四部分单独研究。
Zikai Feng, who is the famous painter, proser and educator of beaux-arts of China inmodern times. He's life was in the change from Qing Chao to new China when wasbetween new and old society in the history river.
Because he lived the especial time and environment in his life, Zikai Feng had acceptedthe whole conventional thought and civilization firstly, then learned the new thought ofwest civilization. In the process between the new and old thought, many people was moldedto great master by the course in that times.
This article, which depict the life, experience and analyzing his different magnum opusof Zikai Feng. It is help to realize the art style every sides in his painting, and understandhis especial humanism thought deeper step.
In the first part of this article is foreword. The primary content is expatiating thecharacteristic of Zikai Feng' art style and the important effect for learning and societythought in painting sides today.
In the second part, the primary content is expatiating his life, we investigate the changeof his art style in different times by his course.Zikai Feng, who was lived at Shimenwantown in Zhejiang province in his childhood. When he was about twenty, he learned in LidiFirst normal school in Zhejiang province. He met two teacher which were affected hisliterature and painting at school, first is Shutong Li, the other one is Gaizun Xia.
Shutong Li is a important teacher for Zikai Feng' art and thought, but Gaizun Xia is forliterature. That means this is the start point in the road of literature and painting.
After finishing school from Lidi First Lidi First normal school, Zikai Fen studiedabroad in Japan. By accident, he got a caricature which author is Takehisa Yomeji, who'sJapanese name is Takehisa Yomeji（"たけひさゆめじ）. This caricature was importanteffect for Zikai Feng' art style. After he was back China, he started to paint caricaturehimself. Then appeared his caricature, later, he publish his opus "Zikai Caricature". The artstyle of his caricature has his characteristic, which was affected from print, traditionpainting, west plastic arts, Japanese caricature and so on.
In the third part, the anterior two parts, discuss the connection between his caricatureand tradition painting and connection of caricature between caricature of Zikai Feng andpainting of Takehisa Yomeji. Then there are five parts to analyze the style and thought ofthis caricature, the parts as flow:
Ancient poetry caricature, children caricature, society caricature, war caricature andnature caricature.
Last, the characteristic was analyzed as like predigesting the five sense organs, thechange of inscription and the transformation of style from sketch to traditional Chinesepainting.
Because of the effect of his teacher, he converted Buddhism, and painted six volume,named "Protection for Living beings". It is different from "Zikai Caricature", therefore it isinvestigated by oneself as the fourth part.
引文
①引自《丰子恺自传》第二章（第70页）
②引自《丰子恺自传》第二章（第80页）
[1]林曦.威廉·莫里斯与"工艺美术"运动的产生[J]包装工程,2006,(04).
[2]陈星.功德圆满--评丰子恺《护生画集》[J]读书,1993,(04).
[3]王德胜,李雷.中国现代"人生艺术化"理论探析[J]江苏社会科学,2009,(02).
[4]王小平.文艺大众化:从现代到后现代[J]社会科学研究,2008,(06).
[5]向诤.近六年来丰子恺研究述评[J]文教资料,2001,(03).
[6]金雅."人生艺术化"的中国现代命题及其当代意义[J]文艺争鸣,2008,(01).
[7]杜卫.试论丰子恺的美育思想[J]浙江师范学院学报,1984,(03).
[8]殷波.中国现代艺术教育思想研究[D]山东大学,2007.
[9]王文新.丰子恺美术教育思想研究[D]南京艺术学院,2008.
[10]贺晓舟.近代中国艺术教育研究[D]华东师范大学,2010.
[11]王丰.新中国六十年艺术教育的实践进展与理论创新[D]中国艺术研究院,2010.
[12]杨文丰.仁爱慈悲的命运--丰子恺《护生画集》小札[J].天涯,2007,(01).
[13]朱晓江.丰子恺《护生画集》儒家艺术思想辨说[J].浙江社会科学,2006,(05).
[14]刘丽.丰子恺和他的《护生画集》[J].绿叶,2005,(02).
[15]王振钰.《护生画集》中的儒家生态伦理思想[J].华北电力大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(02).
[16]朱幼兰.丰子恺先生绘《护生画集》因缘略记[J].法音,1982,(06).
[17]王振钰.《护生画集》中的儒家生态智慧[J].安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2006,(05).
[18]余连祥.绝缘·苦闷·情趣--丰子恺美学思想的特征[J].文学评论,2006,(04).
[19]吴颖.孤芳不与众芳同,潇洒丰神影--丰子恺研究述评[J].文教资料,2007,(07).
[20]周泽雄.[裁书刀下]之二--佑护苍生--读丰子恺《护生画集》[J].书屋,1999,(02).
[21]余志明.一泓清纯明澈的泉--浅论丰子恺散文的人性美[J].上海大学学报(社会科学版),1993,(02).
[22]赵炎才;中国近代经世致用思想基本特征刍议[J];安徽史学;2003年02期
[23]韩德民;李泽厚与20世纪后半期中国美学[J];安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版);2000年01期
[24]姜莉;丰子恺培植"艺术心"的美育观[J];安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版);2001年02期
[25]陈传席.画坛点将录：评现代名家与大家[M].北京：生活·读书·新知三联书店，2005年11月
[26]丰子恺.艺术漫谈[M].长沙：岳麓书社,2010年8月
[27]毕克官,毕宛婴.走进丰子恺[M].杭州：西泠印社,2011年11月
[28]丰子恺.丰子恺自传[M].江苏：江苏文艺出版社,1996年7月
[29]丰子恺.丰子恺绘[M].石家庄：河北教育出版社,2001年12月
[30]丰子恺.互生画集[M].北京：龙门书局,2009年
[31]丰子恺.丰子恺儿童漫画选[M].北京：海豚出版社,2010年9月
[32]竹久梦二.竹久梦二：画与诗[M].济南：山东画报出版社，2011年5月
②引自《丰子恺自传》第二章（第80页）
[1]林曦.威廉·莫里斯与"工艺美术"运动的产生[J]包装工程,2006,(04).
[2]陈星.功德圆满--评丰子恺《护生画集》[J]读书,1993,(04).
[3]王德胜,李雷.中国现代"人生艺术化"理论探析[J]江苏社会科学,2009,(02).
[4]王小平.文艺大众化:从现代到后现代[J]社会科学研究,2008,(06).
[5]向诤.近六年来丰子恺研究述评[J]文教资料,2001,(03).
[6]金雅."人生艺术化"的中国现代命题及其当代意义[J]文艺争鸣,2008,(01).
[7]杜卫.试论丰子恺的美育思想[J]浙江师范学院学报,1984,(03).
[8]殷波.中国现代艺术教育思想研究[D]山东大学,2007.
[9]王文新.丰子恺美术教育思想研究[D]南京艺术学院,2008.
[10]贺晓舟.近代中国艺术教育研究[D]华东师范大学,2010.
[11]王丰.新中国六十年艺术教育的实践进展与理论创新[D]中国艺术研究院,2010.
[12]杨文丰.仁爱慈悲的命运--丰子恺《护生画集》小札[J].天涯,2007,(01).
[13]朱晓江.丰子恺《护生画集》儒家艺术思想辨说[J].浙江社会科学,2006,(05).
[14]刘丽.丰子恺和他的《护生画集》[J].绿叶,2005,(02).
[15]王振钰.《护生画集》中的儒家生态伦理思想[J].华北电力大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(02).
[16]朱幼兰.丰子恺先生绘《护生画集》因缘略记[J].法音,1982,(06).
[17]王振钰.《护生画集》中的儒家生态智慧[J].安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2006,(05).
[18]余连祥.绝缘·苦闷·情趣--丰子恺美学思想的特征[J].文学评论,2006,(04).
[19]吴颖.孤芳不与众芳同,潇洒丰神影--丰子恺研究述评[J].文教资料,2007,(07).
[20]周泽雄.[裁书刀下]之二--佑护苍生--读丰子恺《护生画集》[J].书屋,1999,(02).
[21]余志明.一泓清纯明澈的泉--浅论丰子恺散文的人性美[J].上海大学学报(社会科学版),1993,(02).
[22]赵炎才;中国近代经世致用思想基本特征刍议[J];安徽史学;2003年02期
[23]韩德民;李泽厚与20世纪后半期中国美学[J];安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版);2000年01期
[24]姜莉;丰子恺培植"艺术心"的美育观[J];安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版);2001年02期
[25]陈传席.画坛点将录：评现代名家与大家[M].北京：生活·读书·新知三联书店，2005年11月
[26]丰子恺.艺术漫谈[M].长沙：岳麓书社,2010年8月
[27]毕克官,毕宛婴.走进丰子恺[M].杭州：西泠印社,2011年11月
[28]丰子恺.丰子恺自传[M].江苏：江苏文艺出版社,1996年7月
[29]丰子恺.丰子恺绘[M].石家庄：河北教育出版社,2001年12月
[30]丰子恺.互生画集[M].北京：龙门书局,2009年
[31]丰子恺.丰子恺儿童漫画选[M].北京：海豚出版社,2010年9月
[32]竹久梦二.竹久梦二：画与诗[M].济南：山东画报出版社，2011年5月