基于LTCC技术的微波毫米波收发组件研究
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摘要
由于毫米波的波长短、频带宽和它自身特殊的大气传播特性，使得Ka频段在雷达系统中得到了广泛的应用，从而推动了Ka频段收发组件的快速发展。针对二次雷达系统中的收发组件，功能较多、体积和重量要求小。因此，收发组件的小型化、集成化、高可靠性和低成本引起了人们极大的兴趣。低温共烧陶瓷（LTCC）技术是满足这一发展趋势的最佳选择之一。在毫米波二次雷达Ka频段收发组件中，低温共烧陶瓷多芯片混合集成方案将高性能无源功能器件与微波单片电路（MMIC）进行有效可靠的互连，以提供更小的体积和更多的设计灵活性。
虽然LTCC技术在L波段得到了广泛的应用，但由于毫米波波长短、频率高，传统LTCC技术在该频段应用存在加工精度难以控制和传输损耗过大等缺点。因此，LTCC技术在毫米波收发组件中的应用较少。本论文针对LTCC技术在毫米波组件中应用的这些困难，基于传输线理论，利用容差分析和模式优化方法提出了适用于毫米波频段的LTCC电路设计方法。该方法解决了LTCC技术在毫米波频段的应用难题，减小了毫米波收发组件的体积和重量，降低了批量生产成本。本论文围绕基于LTCC技术的微波毫米波收发组件研究这一课题，主要完成了以下工作：
1、半集总参数LTCC双工器：本文利用低温共烧陶瓷技术，提出了一种小型化半集总参数双工器结构，利用该结构实现的LTCC双工器结构简单，具有较小的尺寸和良好的电性能，并被应用在了LTCC毫米波收发组件中，实现了输入中频频率和输入本振频率双工的功能。
2、基片集成波导滤波器：本文基于低温共烧陶瓷的三维技术，提出了一种基于基片集成波导（SIW）实现的三阶交叉耦合毫米波滤波器结构。利用这种结构实现的毫米波带通滤波器体积小，并具有一个高端极点，提高了滤波器高端抑制度。本文还提出了介质集成折叠波导（SIFW）这种新的传输、谐振耦合结构，与SIW相比，利用SIFW结构实现的X波段带通滤波器体积更小。
3、宽阻带三模谐振器滤波器：本文提出了一种具有宽阻带特性的三模谐振结构，利用这种结构实现的带通滤波器在通带两边分别有两个衰减极点。本文实现的宽阻带三模谐振器滤波器除了拥有宽的阻带外，矩形系数高，工作带宽较宽，可以达到28%。
4、 LTCC微波毫米波收发组件：LTCC具有高密度、小尺寸的特点，并且在三维设计方面具有较好的灵活性。本文结合工程应用，设计了L波段和X波段的小型化收发组件。本文还利用容差分析法完成了一种用于毫米波雷达系统的LTCC毫米波收发组件的设计，在满足指标要求的情况下，重量和体积减小为传统毫米波收发组件的2/3。
The Ka band Transmit/Receive (T/R) module has been widely applied in battlefieldidentification radar systems，with the short wavelength, wide bandwidth of millimeterwave and its intrinsic atmospheric propagation characteristics. The T/R modulegenerally consists of up-conversion, down-conversion, power amplifier, low noiseamplifier and pulse modulation. Therefore, the miniaturization, high integration, highreliability and low cost of T/R module are more important.Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) technology and three dimensionalintegration technologies are excellent methods to meet these requirements. LTCCtechnology can improve the integration of high-performance passivemodule with the RF chip for microwave multichip modules (MMCM). For Ka-band T/Rmodule applied in the millimeter wave battlefield identification radar systems, TheLTCC multi-chip hybrid integration that effectively and reliably integrating highperformance passive functional devices with the RF chip monolithic integrated circuit(MMIC) offer smaller volume and more flexibility.
This paper proposes appropriate method for the design of LTCC millimeter wavecircuits by the tolerance analysis and mode optimization based on the theory oftransmission line. The method can solve the difficulties of application in millimeterband and reduce the volume and weight of millimeter-wave T/R. Such contentsinvolved in this dissertation are as following:
1. LTCC diplexer: The miniaturized semi-lumped diplexer based on LTCCtechnology is proposed. It is composed of L-band low-pass filter based on lumpedelements and X-band SIR band-pass filter. The measurement results as follows:the cutoff frequency is1.46GHz and insertion loss less than1dB in the L-band; thecenter frequency is8.3GHz with the bandwidth of0.6GHz, and the insertion loss is lessthan3.5dB. The diplexer has the advantages of simple structure, small size andgood electrical properties, and has been applied in Ka-bands T/R module to diplextransmission the IF frequency and the LO frequency.
2. Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filter: The third order cross-coupled millimeter-wave filter based on SIW by three-dimensional LTCCtechnology are introduced, and a novel transmission, resonant coupling structure areproposed. A substrate integrated folded waveguide (SIFW) H-plane band-pass filterbased on LTCC is designed and fabricated. The measured results prove the feasibility ofthis kind of filter structure.
3. Wideband Bandpass Filter With Enhanced Wideband Rejection UsingTriple-Mode Ring Resonator: his paper presents a novel triple-mode ring resonatorwideband bandpass filter with enhanced wideband rejection characteristics. Theproposed ring resonator is made up of step impendence resonator and triple-mode ringresonator. The resonator has three resonance frequencies in the passband and exhibitsattenuation poles close to the edges of the passband which offer sharp rejection in thisbandpass filter.
4. LTCC microwave and millimeter-wave T/R: Low temperature co-firingceramics have the characteristics of high density, small size and low cost, and they havebetter flexibility in terms of three-dimensional design, so LTCC technology has a goodprospect of application in the L-band. L-band and X-band T/R module using LTCCtechnology is designed and fabricated in this paper. High-density reliable and effectiveintegration based on the investigation of the millimeter-wave transmissionstructure on LTCC, LTCC filter, LTCC diplexer and other passive functional modulesare proposed. A T/R module based on LTCC technology for millimeterwave battlefield identification radar system is presentation. We gain a finer measuredresult by layout analysis and processing tests.
虽然LTCC技术在L波段得到了广泛的应用，但由于毫米波波长短、频率高，传统LTCC技术在该频段应用存在加工精度难以控制和传输损耗过大等缺点。因此，LTCC技术在毫米波收发组件中的应用较少。本论文针对LTCC技术在毫米波组件中应用的这些困难，基于传输线理论，利用容差分析和模式优化方法提出了适用于毫米波频段的LTCC电路设计方法。该方法解决了LTCC技术在毫米波频段的应用难题，减小了毫米波收发组件的体积和重量，降低了批量生产成本。本论文围绕基于LTCC技术的微波毫米波收发组件研究这一课题，主要完成了以下工作：
1、半集总参数LTCC双工器：本文利用低温共烧陶瓷技术，提出了一种小型化半集总参数双工器结构，利用该结构实现的LTCC双工器结构简单，具有较小的尺寸和良好的电性能，并被应用在了LTCC毫米波收发组件中，实现了输入中频频率和输入本振频率双工的功能。
2、基片集成波导滤波器：本文基于低温共烧陶瓷的三维技术，提出了一种基于基片集成波导（SIW）实现的三阶交叉耦合毫米波滤波器结构。利用这种结构实现的毫米波带通滤波器体积小，并具有一个高端极点，提高了滤波器高端抑制度。本文还提出了介质集成折叠波导（SIFW）这种新的传输、谐振耦合结构，与SIW相比，利用SIFW结构实现的X波段带通滤波器体积更小。
3、宽阻带三模谐振器滤波器：本文提出了一种具有宽阻带特性的三模谐振结构，利用这种结构实现的带通滤波器在通带两边分别有两个衰减极点。本文实现的宽阻带三模谐振器滤波器除了拥有宽的阻带外，矩形系数高，工作带宽较宽，可以达到28%。
4、 LTCC微波毫米波收发组件：LTCC具有高密度、小尺寸的特点，并且在三维设计方面具有较好的灵活性。本文结合工程应用，设计了L波段和X波段的小型化收发组件。本文还利用容差分析法完成了一种用于毫米波雷达系统的LTCC毫米波收发组件的设计，在满足指标要求的情况下，重量和体积减小为传统毫米波收发组件的2/3。
The Ka band Transmit/Receive (T/R) module has been widely applied in battlefieldidentification radar systems，with the short wavelength, wide bandwidth of millimeterwave and its intrinsic atmospheric propagation characteristics. The T/R modulegenerally consists of up-conversion, down-conversion, power amplifier, low noiseamplifier and pulse modulation. Therefore, the miniaturization, high integration, highreliability and low cost of T/R module are more important.Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) technology and three dimensionalintegration technologies are excellent methods to meet these requirements. LTCCtechnology can improve the integration of high-performance passivemodule with the RF chip for microwave multichip modules (MMCM). For Ka-band T/Rmodule applied in the millimeter wave battlefield identification radar systems, TheLTCC multi-chip hybrid integration that effectively and reliably integrating highperformance passive functional devices with the RF chip monolithic integrated circuit(MMIC) offer smaller volume and more flexibility.
This paper proposes appropriate method for the design of LTCC millimeter wavecircuits by the tolerance analysis and mode optimization based on the theory oftransmission line. The method can solve the difficulties of application in millimeterband and reduce the volume and weight of millimeter-wave T/R. Such contentsinvolved in this dissertation are as following:
1. LTCC diplexer: The miniaturized semi-lumped diplexer based on LTCCtechnology is proposed. It is composed of L-band low-pass filter based on lumpedelements and X-band SIR band-pass filter. The measurement results as follows:the cutoff frequency is1.46GHz and insertion loss less than1dB in the L-band; thecenter frequency is8.3GHz with the bandwidth of0.6GHz, and the insertion loss is lessthan3.5dB. The diplexer has the advantages of simple structure, small size andgood electrical properties, and has been applied in Ka-bands T/R module to diplextransmission the IF frequency and the LO frequency.
2. Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filter: The third order cross-coupled millimeter-wave filter based on SIW by three-dimensional LTCCtechnology are introduced, and a novel transmission, resonant coupling structure areproposed. A substrate integrated folded waveguide (SIFW) H-plane band-pass filterbased on LTCC is designed and fabricated. The measured results prove the feasibility ofthis kind of filter structure.
3. Wideband Bandpass Filter With Enhanced Wideband Rejection UsingTriple-Mode Ring Resonator: his paper presents a novel triple-mode ring resonatorwideband bandpass filter with enhanced wideband rejection characteristics. Theproposed ring resonator is made up of step impendence resonator and triple-mode ringresonator. The resonator has three resonance frequencies in the passband and exhibitsattenuation poles close to the edges of the passband which offer sharp rejection in thisbandpass filter.
4. LTCC microwave and millimeter-wave T/R: Low temperature co-firingceramics have the characteristics of high density, small size and low cost, and they havebetter flexibility in terms of three-dimensional design, so LTCC technology has a goodprospect of application in the L-band. L-band and X-band T/R module using LTCCtechnology is designed and fabricated in this paper. High-density reliable and effectiveintegration based on the investigation of the millimeter-wave transmissionstructure on LTCC, LTCC filter, LTCC diplexer and other passive functional modulesare proposed. A T/R module based on LTCC technology for millimeterwave battlefield identification radar system is presentation. We gain a finer measuredresult by layout analysis and processing tests.
引文
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