三层圈绒簇绒织机电脑控制系统的研究
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摘要
近几年，由于我国的旅游业和房地产业发展迅速，地毯以其温馨、舒适的装饰效果受到人们的青睐，因此我国的地毯市场在快速增长，其中簇绒地毯也有很大市场。但是国内的地毯技术落后，地毯设备大部分依靠进口，地毯技术被国外的地毯设备制造商所主导。一些陈旧的设备生产的地毯难以满足人们的需求，对其进行改造以适应市场的需要是一个既经济又有效的措施。
本文对一台由英国Cobble公司生产的簇绒机进行技术改造，使其能够加工出符合厂家要求的三层绒高圈绒提花地毯。据此，本文对簇绒机控制系统的硬件进行了研究设计，控制系统的实现需要软件的支持，软件设计的内容包括地毯图案的转换和传送以及可编程序控制器(PLC)的控制程序。通过对簇绒机的改造，实现了预期的目标。
In recent years, with the rapid development of the tour industry and the real estate industry, the carpet is popular for its comfortable and decorative effect, so the carpet market of our country is growing rapidly, including tufting carpet. However, the technology of domestic carpet is backward, and most of apparatus must be imported from foreign countries. Carpet technology has been dominated by foreign equipment manufacturers, so the carpet produced by out-of-date equipment is difficult to meet the demand of the people. it will be very meaningful to improve the spinning equipments technologically.
The text reforms a tufting machine produced by the British Cobble Co. The tufting machine include the mainframe including apparatus and the lubricating system, the feeding yarn system including speed reducers, clutches , gears and the yarn gathering board ,the loop system including loop hooks, hilts and rocker actuators and the control system . The control system of diverse tufting machines is different.
The quality of loop-pile carpet mainly depends on the distance of needles and the tufting height. Dense needle distances and high tufting carpet are high quality. the tufting height is the distance between the back of fabric and the top of the wool . The fabric is above the pallet, so the height is adjusted by adjusting the height of pallet. Meanwhile, it is connected with the quantity of feeding yarns, and the velocity of gears depends on the quantity ,the tensility and the height.
When asynchronous motors are rotating ,a row of clutches which are controlled by the control system turn gears at same time .So gears have three different velocities. When they speed, quantities of feeding yarn increase. When needles move down, yarns have been in a state of relaxation. In this way, when they pass through the fabric, yarns will not rebound and form high loops. When they reduce the speed ,yarn tension increases. When they pass through the fabric, yarns will rebound and form low loops. Because of tree different velocities ,loops will be three different height.
The design of the tufting machine control system is the key to this control system, the choice of the control project is the most important issue. In this paper, after analyzing three projects ,such as the control of relays, the control of chip microcomputer, the control of PLC and combining the feature of the tufting machine with the demand of the products, we choice the third control project. It has the advantage of the short development cycle, the strong anti-jamming capability ,stable and reliable operation. Due to the limitations of PLC functions, such as carpet designs and handling many other complex task, We use Industrial Computer to complete carpet design, image processing, image format conversion and so on, and through serial RS-232 send the information to the PLC which control the tufting machine.
The design of the down-computer of the tufting machine control system includes the hardware design and the software design. The hardware design includes three parts , input, logic control ,output. The second part of the design is the key of three parts. In this part, the design of PLC is great important. The input part includes the encoder , switches and power and so on. The output part mainly includes clutches through which triplex loop-pile jacquard carpets are produced .According to the control requirement ,the control schematic diagram ,the power supply chart and the control chart are drew .In the design of the control software, according to the control requirement, program flow charts are drew. Through the software support, the hardware system can control the tufting machine successfully.
The host software includes three sections, the interface design, the carpet patterns transition design and the carpet patterns transmission design. The interface is designed on the base of the use of objects. The aim of the carpet patterns transition design was to convert data into the switch signals to control the jacquard pattern carpet installation. According to the requirement, the flow chart is drew .The aim of the carpet patterns communication design was to transmit the switch signals into PLC storage units to control the tufting machine. According to the requirement, the flow chart is drew . PLC control program will invoke data real-timely to control the tufting machine to produce products to meet requirements.
When the control system is designed, the system need to take some anti-interference measures. The three elements of electromagnetic interference are sources ,coupled channels and disturbed body. Therefore, in order to ensure control devices or systems in industrial electromagnetic environment from the outside or reduce electromagnetic interference, the source of interference should be inhibited, the transmission should be cut off or attenuated and the control system installation or anti-jamming capability should be improved. Generally, we use shielding lines, line filters and so on. In the PLC control system , interference is a more complicated issue. Therefore, when measures are taken , various factors should be considered synthetically, in order to inhibit electromagnetic interference rationally and support systems in normal operation.
In order to verify the situation of the control system, the software system and the hardware system need to be debugged. In the software debugging experiment, the conversion and transmission of the carpet patterns were tested. To ensure the accuracy of data transmitted, it was compared with data in storages of PLC . The result is proved right .In the hardware debugging experiment, to test the hardware circuits ensures that there were not no short-circuiting traffic, shutdown and fault connections. After starting the tufting machine, under the control of PLC, corresponding carpet patterns should be produced, and by adjusting the knob of speed reducers, the best results for the carpet should be achieved. The experiments show that under the control system, the carpet produced by tufting machine reached the desired requirement.
本文对一台由英国Cobble公司生产的簇绒机进行技术改造，使其能够加工出符合厂家要求的三层绒高圈绒提花地毯。据此，本文对簇绒机控制系统的硬件进行了研究设计，控制系统的实现需要软件的支持，软件设计的内容包括地毯图案的转换和传送以及可编程序控制器(PLC)的控制程序。通过对簇绒机的改造，实现了预期的目标。
In recent years, with the rapid development of the tour industry and the real estate industry, the carpet is popular for its comfortable and decorative effect, so the carpet market of our country is growing rapidly, including tufting carpet. However, the technology of domestic carpet is backward, and most of apparatus must be imported from foreign countries. Carpet technology has been dominated by foreign equipment manufacturers, so the carpet produced by out-of-date equipment is difficult to meet the demand of the people. it will be very meaningful to improve the spinning equipments technologically.
The text reforms a tufting machine produced by the British Cobble Co. The tufting machine include the mainframe including apparatus and the lubricating system, the feeding yarn system including speed reducers, clutches , gears and the yarn gathering board ,the loop system including loop hooks, hilts and rocker actuators and the control system . The control system of diverse tufting machines is different.
The quality of loop-pile carpet mainly depends on the distance of needles and the tufting height. Dense needle distances and high tufting carpet are high quality. the tufting height is the distance between the back of fabric and the top of the wool . The fabric is above the pallet, so the height is adjusted by adjusting the height of pallet. Meanwhile, it is connected with the quantity of feeding yarns, and the velocity of gears depends on the quantity ,the tensility and the height.
When asynchronous motors are rotating ,a row of clutches which are controlled by the control system turn gears at same time .So gears have three different velocities. When they speed, quantities of feeding yarn increase. When needles move down, yarns have been in a state of relaxation. In this way, when they pass through the fabric, yarns will not rebound and form high loops. When they reduce the speed ,yarn tension increases. When they pass through the fabric, yarns will rebound and form low loops. Because of tree different velocities ,loops will be three different height.
The design of the tufting machine control system is the key to this control system, the choice of the control project is the most important issue. In this paper, after analyzing three projects ,such as the control of relays, the control of chip microcomputer, the control of PLC and combining the feature of the tufting machine with the demand of the products, we choice the third control project. It has the advantage of the short development cycle, the strong anti-jamming capability ,stable and reliable operation. Due to the limitations of PLC functions, such as carpet designs and handling many other complex task, We use Industrial Computer to complete carpet design, image processing, image format conversion and so on, and through serial RS-232 send the information to the PLC which control the tufting machine.
The design of the down-computer of the tufting machine control system includes the hardware design and the software design. The hardware design includes three parts , input, logic control ,output. The second part of the design is the key of three parts. In this part, the design of PLC is great important. The input part includes the encoder , switches and power and so on. The output part mainly includes clutches through which triplex loop-pile jacquard carpets are produced .According to the control requirement ,the control schematic diagram ,the power supply chart and the control chart are drew .In the design of the control software, according to the control requirement, program flow charts are drew. Through the software support, the hardware system can control the tufting machine successfully.
The host software includes three sections, the interface design, the carpet patterns transition design and the carpet patterns transmission design. The interface is designed on the base of the use of objects. The aim of the carpet patterns transition design was to convert data into the switch signals to control the jacquard pattern carpet installation. According to the requirement, the flow chart is drew .The aim of the carpet patterns communication design was to transmit the switch signals into PLC storage units to control the tufting machine. According to the requirement, the flow chart is drew . PLC control program will invoke data real-timely to control the tufting machine to produce products to meet requirements.
When the control system is designed, the system need to take some anti-interference measures. The three elements of electromagnetic interference are sources ,coupled channels and disturbed body. Therefore, in order to ensure control devices or systems in industrial electromagnetic environment from the outside or reduce electromagnetic interference, the source of interference should be inhibited, the transmission should be cut off or attenuated and the control system installation or anti-jamming capability should be improved. Generally, we use shielding lines, line filters and so on. In the PLC control system , interference is a more complicated issue. Therefore, when measures are taken , various factors should be considered synthetically, in order to inhibit electromagnetic interference rationally and support systems in normal operation.
In order to verify the situation of the control system, the software system and the hardware system need to be debugged. In the software debugging experiment, the conversion and transmission of the carpet patterns were tested. To ensure the accuracy of data transmitted, it was compared with data in storages of PLC . The result is proved right .In the hardware debugging experiment, to test the hardware circuits ensures that there were not no short-circuiting traffic, shutdown and fault connections. After starting the tufting machine, under the control of PLC, corresponding carpet patterns should be produced, and by adjusting the knob of speed reducers, the best results for the carpet should be achieved. The experiments show that under the control system, the carpet produced by tufting machine reached the desired requirement.
引文
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[2] 薛士鑫主编．机制地毯．北京：化学工业出版社，2003．12
[3] Owen, Phil. Danley pioneers novel applications for tufting technology. Textiles International, 2005, 14 (1): 41-43
[4] Sellers, K. Carpet design technology are on a roll. Textile World, 2001, 151 (3): 53-55
[5] 夏金国，李金海主编．．织造机械．重庆：中国纺织出版社，1999
[6] 陈元甫主编．机织工艺与设备(下册)．北京：纺织工业出版社，1982
[7] 周军主编．电器控制及PLC．北京：机械工业出版社，2001．8
[8] 程周编著．PLC技术与应用．福州：福建科学技术出版社，2004．1
[9] 王淑英主编．电器控制与PLC控制技术．北京：机械工业出版社，2005．1
[10] 王磊杰，张红梅．增量式光电旋转编码器及在角减速度测量中的应用．测试与控制，2005，18(5)：115-118
[11] 韩安荣主编．通用变频器及其应用．北京：机械工业出版社，2000．1
[12] 黄立培，张学编著．变频器应用技术及电动机调速．北京：人民邮电出版社，1998．7
[13] 戴广平编著．电动机变频器与电力拖动．北京：中国石化出版社，1999
[14] 姚锡禄主编．变频器控制技术与应用．福州：福建科学出版社，2005．2
[15] 蔡春伟，张东亮，任秀云，杨晓峰．簇绒机电脑控制系统．工业控制计算机，2003，16(12)：24-25
[16] 张建民等编著．机电一体化系统设计．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1998
[17] 胡寿松编著．自动控制原理．北京：科学技术出版社，2001
[18] 张宇河等编著．计算机控制系统．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1996
[19] 冯景之编著．微型计算机控制．成都：西南交通大学出版社，1996
[20] 张松春等编著．电子控制设备抗干扰技术及应用．北京：机械工业出版社，1989
[21] 唐贤远，刘岐山编著．传感器原理及应用．西安：电子科技大学出版社，2000．8
[22] 康华光主编．电子技术基础模拟部分．北京：高等教育出版社，2001．5
[23] 王占元，纪锋编著．电工基础(强电类)．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．2
[24] 马其祥，黄炎，赵国谦编著．强电线路的电磁影响与防护．石家庄：中国铁道出版社，1989．9
[25] 李正熙，白晶主编．电力拖动自动控制系统．北京：冶金工业出版社，1997．8
[26] 戴广平编著．电动机变频器与电力拖动．北京：中国石化出版社，1999．3
[27] 杨正新，乐光明编著．机电一体化实用技术．上海：科学技术文献出版社，1994．8
[28] 陈志军，梁岚珍，南新元．光电编码器在控制系统中的应用．自动化仪表，2003，24(6)：61-62
[29] 张旦华，肖盛怡译编著．传感器应用．北京：中国计量出版社，1992
[30] 王卫星，傅立思，孙耀杰主编．可编程控制器原理及应用．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2002．2
[31] 范逸之，陈立原编著．Visual Basic与RS-232串行通信控制．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．1
[32] 毛京丽，张丽编著．数据通信原理．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2000．12
[33] 范逸之编著．Visual Basic与分布式监控系统—RS232／485串行通信．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．1
[34] 孙学军等编著．通信原理．北京：电子工业出版社，2001．9
[35] 同志工作室编著．Visual Basic 6.0 API函数开发实例．北京：人民邮电 出版社，2001．2
[36] 李怀明，骆原，王育新编著．Visual Basic 6.0中文版参考详解．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．11
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