户用热量表系统设计
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摘要
随着人类社会的不断发展,大量的事实与经验表明了自觉节能的意识对人类以及社会是越来越有必要,而要形成自觉节能的习惯,行之有效的手段则是以户为单位,按户实际所耗之热量来进行计费。有机构研究表明,这种以按实际耗用热量向用户收费的制度,平均可以节能20%-30%。热量表起源于欧洲并且发展迅速,欧洲共同体于1997年正式通过了关于热量表的统一标准EN-1434,这也表明了欧洲热量表技术的成熟与标准化程度。而此标准发布后,我国也逐渐了解和重视起热量表的应用,高等科研院所的大批科技人员,先后以不同的形式开始了真正意义上的热量表研制及开发工作,如与各大中小型企业合作,或自己投资研发等。现在我国仅热量表每年的需要量就可达上百万套,中国热量计量仪表产业将是世界最大且最具潜力的产业。所以,本课题的研究具有现实的经济意义和社会意义。
本次毕业设计主要设计户用热量表的信号采集过程,继而实现整个热量表计量系统。户用热量表系统主要包括温度传感器、流量传感器和控制及信息处理电路,以及其它附属功能电路。而控制及信息处理电路是整个系统的核心部分。热量表的工作过程是由控制电路控制完成对温度传感器和流量传感器的温度和流量信息的采集,然后送信息处理电路处理,最后送屏幕(LCD)显示,及完成其它功能。
本次设计的思路是先确定此次户用热量表设计的总体方案,再具体分析各模块的设计流程,利用Protel软件画出系统原理图,在Keil C编译器中进行程序的编写与调试,于Protues软件中进行软件仿真。该热量表系统实现了对信号的良好采集,并且完成了热量的计算、显示和储存。
With the continuous development of human society, large amount of experience shows that the consciousness of consciously energy-energy is more and more necessary to human and social. The effective measure for forming the habit of self-conscious energy-saving is that households in units be charged according to the actual heat consumption. Organization research shows that the institution of charging users according to actual heat consumption can save energy 20%-30% averagely. Heat meter originated in Europe and developed rapidly, European Community has officially passed the uniform standard 1434 about heat meter in 1997, it shows that the maturity and standardization degree of European heat meter technology. And after the standard publishing, China also gradually understand and attach importance to the application of heat meter, Large number of technology personnel from high institutes have started the genuine heat meter development and exploration work in different forms, such as with the small and medium enterprise cooperation, or their own investment research. Now Chinese quantity of heat meter can reach millions every year, Chinese heat meter industry will be the world's largest and most potential industry. So, this topic research has realistic economic significance and social significance.
The graduation project mainly design the signal acquisition process of the household heat meter, then realize the whole heat meter measuring system. The system of heat meter mainly includes temperature sensor, flow sensor, the circuit of controlling and information processing, and other circuits of accessory functions. The circuit of controlling and information processing is the core part of the whole system. The working process of the heat meter is controlled by control circuit to complete information collection of the temperature from temperature sensor and the flow from flow sensor, then send the information processing circuit processing, finally send screen(LCD) display, and complete other function.
The thought of this design is to determine the overall plan of this heat meter firstly, to make concrete analysis of each module design process secondly. The Protel software is used to draw the system diagram, procedures are written and debugged in the Keil C compiler, then the simulation of this system is done in the Protues software. The heat meter system achieved the good collection of signal, and completed the calculation, display and storage of the heat.
本次毕业设计主要设计户用热量表的信号采集过程,继而实现整个热量表计量系统。户用热量表系统主要包括温度传感器、流量传感器和控制及信息处理电路,以及其它附属功能电路。而控制及信息处理电路是整个系统的核心部分。热量表的工作过程是由控制电路控制完成对温度传感器和流量传感器的温度和流量信息的采集,然后送信息处理电路处理,最后送屏幕(LCD)显示,及完成其它功能。
本次设计的思路是先确定此次户用热量表设计的总体方案,再具体分析各模块的设计流程,利用Protel软件画出系统原理图,在Keil C编译器中进行程序的编写与调试,于Protues软件中进行软件仿真。该热量表系统实现了对信号的良好采集,并且完成了热量的计算、显示和储存。
With the continuous development of human society, large amount of experience shows that the consciousness of consciously energy-energy is more and more necessary to human and social. The effective measure for forming the habit of self-conscious energy-saving is that households in units be charged according to the actual heat consumption. Organization research shows that the institution of charging users according to actual heat consumption can save energy 20%-30% averagely. Heat meter originated in Europe and developed rapidly, European Community has officially passed the uniform standard 1434 about heat meter in 1997, it shows that the maturity and standardization degree of European heat meter technology. And after the standard publishing, China also gradually understand and attach importance to the application of heat meter, Large number of technology personnel from high institutes have started the genuine heat meter development and exploration work in different forms, such as with the small and medium enterprise cooperation, or their own investment research. Now Chinese quantity of heat meter can reach millions every year, Chinese heat meter industry will be the world's largest and most potential industry. So, this topic research has realistic economic significance and social significance.
The graduation project mainly design the signal acquisition process of the household heat meter, then realize the whole heat meter measuring system. The system of heat meter mainly includes temperature sensor, flow sensor, the circuit of controlling and information processing, and other circuits of accessory functions. The circuit of controlling and information processing is the core part of the whole system. The working process of the heat meter is controlled by control circuit to complete information collection of the temperature from temperature sensor and the flow from flow sensor, then send the information processing circuit processing, finally send screen(LCD) display, and complete other function.
The thought of this design is to determine the overall plan of this heat meter firstly, to make concrete analysis of each module design process secondly. The Protel software is used to draw the system diagram, procedures are written and debugged in the Keil C compiler, then the simulation of this system is done in the Protues software. The heat meter system achieved the good collection of signal, and completed the calculation, display and storage of the heat.
引文
[1]王树铎.关于我国热量表的历史、现在和发展[J].行业综述,2005(6)：17-1.
[2]陈子骞.我国热计量表发展存在的问题及对策[J].科技咨询导报,2007(28)：153-154.
[3]田雨辰,涂光备,刘剑.实施计量供热的前提及存在的问题[J].煤气与热力,2006(26)：57-60.
[4]董亮星.安装热量表应注意的几个问题[J].中国计量,2004(9)：57-57.
[5]段培同.IC卡式户用热量表的设计与实现[D].苏州：苏州大学,2005-4.
[6]刘慧玲,杨丽珺.户用热量表应用现状的探讨[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2009(7)：3-7.
[7]EN1434-1 Heat Meters,欧洲热量表标准[S].
[8]徐忠堂.城市供热计量收费势在必行[J].房材与应用,2000(03)：15-40.
[9]甄兰兰,沈昱明.热量表的热量计量原理及计算[J].自动化仪表,2003(10)：41-4.
[10]濮红梅.热量及冷量表的热量(焓值)计量原理及计算[J].应用能源技术,2005(01).
[11]狄洪发,王智超,萧曰嵘.实际运行工况下热量表的误差分析[J].暖通空调,2002(01)：113-115.
[12]CJ 128-2007热量表,中华人民共和国城镇建设行业标准[S].
[13]张义和等.例说51单片机(C语言版)[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2008.
[14]易丽华,黄俊.基于AT89C51单片机与DS18B20的温度测量系统[J].电子与封装,2009(5)
[15]金志军.热能表配对温度传感器的使用与检定[J].现代测量与实验室管理,2005(6)：17-19.
[16]何希才.常用传感器应用电路的设计与实践[M].北京：科学出版社,2008.
[17]M. WALDEMAR. Theoretical and Experimental Identification of the Temperature Sensor Unit Step Response Non-linearity During Air Temperature Measurement[J]. Sensors and Actuators,1999(12):2-3.
[18]D. W. CALDWELL. A Distributed Spacecraft Thermal Control Architecture Using the Dallas Semiconductor MicroLan Products[J]. Digital Avionics Systems Conference,1997(10):1-8.
[19]Adunka. F. Testing heat meters with regard to quality assurance Fuel and Energy Abstracts[J]. Volume:37, Issue:2, March,1996:152-153.
[20]陈伟杰.VPR 200F在脉冲式输出流量计上的测量原理[J].自动化与仪表,2003：3-5.
[21]王文海,陈伟杰.脉冲式输出流量计的信号测量[J].冶金自动化,2004(z1).
[22]杜维,张宏建,乐嘉华等.过程检测技术与仪表[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1999.
[23]郭火平.平割高低圈绒簇绒机控制系统的研究与开发[D].重庆：重庆大学,2006-5.
[24]刘永洪等.一种基于MSP430F413的智能IC卡热量表系统[J].电子技术,2003(6)： 23-51.
[25]皮大能,南光群.JHD161A LCD显示器与PIC16F877单片机连接[J].微计算机信息,2004(10)：2.
[26]汤涛.基于射频卡技术的智能门禁系统[D].杭州：浙江大学,2004.
[27]陆德明,张振基,黄少余等.石油化工自动控制设计手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2000.
[28]郭惠,吴迅.单片机C语言程序设计完全自学手册[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008.
[29]金智鹏.基于无线局域网点菜系统的研究与实现[D].贵阳：贵州大学,2008.
[30]王为青,程国钢.单片机Keil Cx51运用开发技术[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2007.
[31]先锋工作室.单片机程序设计实例[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003.
[32]朱大雷.一体化热量计的研究与开发[D].北京：北京化工大学,2002.
[33]万江平.软件工程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006.
[34]杜建峰.基于USB接口的CAN总线网络监控系统设计[D].南京：南京理工大学,2009.
[35]刘连波.基于移动通信的通用远程监控协议的设计[D].大连：大连理工大学,2008.
[36]翁永生.测控模块的设计及网络化过程控制实验平台的构建[D].南京：南京理工大学,2007.
[37]文桦,彭彦华.单片机应用系统定时时间的误差分析[J].天中学刊,2006(5)：2-4.
[38]彭伟.单片机C语言程序设计实训100例[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2009.
[39]A. I. Lisenkov. Concept of Measurements of Heat Energy in the Heat Supply Systems of Russia Measurement Techniques[J]. Mechanical Measurements, 2002,45(8).
[40]段克强,袁涛.高精度超低功耗热量表的研发[J].自动化仪表,2006(2).
[41]张力强,于伟,柴东.电路原理图与PCB板设计教程Protel DXP[M].北京：科学出版社,2005.
[2]陈子骞.我国热计量表发展存在的问题及对策[J].科技咨询导报,2007(28)：153-154.
[3]田雨辰,涂光备,刘剑.实施计量供热的前提及存在的问题[J].煤气与热力,2006(26)：57-60.
[4]董亮星.安装热量表应注意的几个问题[J].中国计量,2004(9)：57-57.
[5]段培同.IC卡式户用热量表的设计与实现[D].苏州：苏州大学,2005-4.
[6]刘慧玲,杨丽珺.户用热量表应用现状的探讨[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2009(7)：3-7.
[7]EN1434-1 Heat Meters,欧洲热量表标准[S].
[8]徐忠堂.城市供热计量收费势在必行[J].房材与应用,2000(03)：15-40.
[9]甄兰兰,沈昱明.热量表的热量计量原理及计算[J].自动化仪表,2003(10)：41-4.
[10]濮红梅.热量及冷量表的热量(焓值)计量原理及计算[J].应用能源技术,2005(01).
[11]狄洪发,王智超,萧曰嵘.实际运行工况下热量表的误差分析[J].暖通空调,2002(01)：113-115.
[12]CJ 128-2007热量表,中华人民共和国城镇建设行业标准[S].
[13]张义和等.例说51单片机(C语言版)[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2008.
[14]易丽华,黄俊.基于AT89C51单片机与DS18B20的温度测量系统[J].电子与封装,2009(5)
[15]金志军.热能表配对温度传感器的使用与检定[J].现代测量与实验室管理,2005(6)：17-19.
[16]何希才.常用传感器应用电路的设计与实践[M].北京：科学出版社,2008.
[17]M. WALDEMAR. Theoretical and Experimental Identification of the Temperature Sensor Unit Step Response Non-linearity During Air Temperature Measurement[J]. Sensors and Actuators,1999(12):2-3.
[18]D. W. CALDWELL. A Distributed Spacecraft Thermal Control Architecture Using the Dallas Semiconductor MicroLan Products[J]. Digital Avionics Systems Conference,1997(10):1-8.
[19]Adunka. F. Testing heat meters with regard to quality assurance Fuel and Energy Abstracts[J]. Volume:37, Issue:2, March,1996:152-153.
[20]陈伟杰.VPR 200F在脉冲式输出流量计上的测量原理[J].自动化与仪表,2003：3-5.
[21]王文海,陈伟杰.脉冲式输出流量计的信号测量[J].冶金自动化,2004(z1).
[22]杜维,张宏建,乐嘉华等.过程检测技术与仪表[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1999.
[23]郭火平.平割高低圈绒簇绒机控制系统的研究与开发[D].重庆：重庆大学,2006-5.
[24]刘永洪等.一种基于MSP430F413的智能IC卡热量表系统[J].电子技术,2003(6)： 23-51.
[25]皮大能,南光群.JHD161A LCD显示器与PIC16F877单片机连接[J].微计算机信息,2004(10)：2.
[26]汤涛.基于射频卡技术的智能门禁系统[D].杭州：浙江大学,2004.
[27]陆德明,张振基,黄少余等.石油化工自动控制设计手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2000.
[28]郭惠,吴迅.单片机C语言程序设计完全自学手册[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008.
[29]金智鹏.基于无线局域网点菜系统的研究与实现[D].贵阳：贵州大学,2008.
[30]王为青,程国钢.单片机Keil Cx51运用开发技术[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2007.
[31]先锋工作室.单片机程序设计实例[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003.
[32]朱大雷.一体化热量计的研究与开发[D].北京：北京化工大学,2002.
[33]万江平.软件工程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006.
[34]杜建峰.基于USB接口的CAN总线网络监控系统设计[D].南京：南京理工大学,2009.
[35]刘连波.基于移动通信的通用远程监控协议的设计[D].大连：大连理工大学,2008.
[36]翁永生.测控模块的设计及网络化过程控制实验平台的构建[D].南京：南京理工大学,2007.
[37]文桦,彭彦华.单片机应用系统定时时间的误差分析[J].天中学刊,2006(5)：2-4.
[38]彭伟.单片机C语言程序设计实训100例[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2009.
[39]A. I. Lisenkov. Concept of Measurements of Heat Energy in the Heat Supply Systems of Russia Measurement Techniques[J]. Mechanical Measurements, 2002,45(8).
[40]段克强,袁涛.高精度超低功耗热量表的研发[J].自动化仪表,2006(2).
[41]张力强,于伟,柴东.电路原理图与PCB板设计教程Protel DXP[M].北京：科学出版社,2005.
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