浅埋大断面管棚—箱涵法关键技术研究
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摘要
随着城市交通的快速发展,大断面浅埋式下立交通道已日益增多,对于穿越繁忙的城市道路,避免开挖及地表环境的影响破坏,采用大断面管棚—箱涵推进工法进行有着独特的优点。管棚—箱涵推进工法是在管幕—箱涵法的基础上发展而来的。本文以郑州—开封城市快速通道下穿越京珠澳高速公路(管棚—箱涵法施工)项目(河南省交通厅科研项目《超大断面箱涵斜穿越顶进技术研究》)为依托,结合国家863课题—大深度大断面地下穿越工程与微扰动施工研究项目,采用理论分析、数值模拟、现场实测等手段对该工法中管棚的力学作用、管棚合理间距的确定、箱涵竖向纠偏等关键技术进行了较为深入的研究。本文的主要内容如下:
1、由于地下穿越项目的复杂性,理论计算发挥的作用是有限的,因此本文采用数值模拟(有限元模拟)的方法,以郑开线项目为例介绍了有限元方法在管棚—箱涵法中的应用。分析研究了合理施工工序的选取、不同施工工序对箱涵姿态的影响、超挖对施工的影响等。
2、本文以弹性地基梁理论为基础,建立了上排管棚在超挖和欠挖两种工况下的力学计算模型,推导出管棚的挠度曲线及相应的控制方程。当管棚产生沉降时,部分上覆土荷载通过管棚传递至主动区两侧,起到卸载作用;当管棚产生隆起时,部分上覆土荷载通过管棚转移至网格前端的区域,起到超载作用。
3、简单介绍了箱涵竖向姿态控制模型。针对郑开项目出现的箱涵低头现象提出了纠偏方案。
4、研究了管棚—箱涵工法中管棚合理间距的确定方法。管棚—箱涵工法中管棚间距大小是工程关心的主要问题之一:间距过小则会造成工程投资浪费,也给施工带来较大的困难;当管棚间距相对合适时,依靠棚间土体形成的“微拱作用”,土体不致于向下滑出;而管棚间距过大,管棚则无法起到有效的遮挡作用。本文基于“微拱效应”,就管棚—箱涵法的管棚间距问题进行了研究,给出了可以保持“微拱作用”的管棚间距计算公式。
最后,作者就本文对需进一步研究的课题提出了建议。
With the development of transportation rapidly, more and more large section and shallow buried tunnel will be constructed in city. Pipe roof-box jacking method is a kind of trenchless knowledge which has the advantage of little affect on ground activity and environment, especially for the case passing through road with heavy traffic and important zone. Based on the urban rapid highway between Zhengzhou and Kaifeng which crosses Jingzhu highway, this paper studies the mechanical effect of the pipe and the process of design and construction of the box such as establishment of reasonable spacing during the box jacking by means of analytical equation, numerical simulation, laboratory test and site measurement. The main job of this paper is listed as follows:
1. The effect of analytical equation is limited because of the complex of the underground crossing program. So this paper uses the numerical simulation method and introduces application of FEM in the pipe roof-box jacking method taking Zhengkai program for example. And this paper completes the research of selection of reasonable construction process, the effect caused by different processes to box attitude and the effect caused by overexcavation to construction.
2. This paper introduces the control model of vertical attitude of the box. It also proposes rectification measures to solve the problem of the box down during the construction.
3. During the Pipe-Roof Box Culvert construction, more and more attention is paid to the spacing between pipes. If the spacing is too small, the construction will be difficult and also waste material; when the spacing is not so small, depending on the "micro arching effect", the soil above will not slip out of the pipes. Along with increment of the spacing, the "micro arching effect" decreases; when the spacing exceeds a critical value, the soil above will slip out of the pipes. Based on the "micro arching effect", this paper makes research about the spacing between pipes and put forward a formula for the spacing between pipes to maintain the effect of the "micro arching effect".
4.Underexcavation and overexcavation models have been presented based on the elastic foundation beam theory and the corresponding deflection equations and other controlling equations have been deduced. When the settlement produced, the pipe roof can transfer some covering load from active sliding zone to stable zone and cause unloading effect. When the heave produced, the pipe roof can transfer some covering load to passive zone and cause unloading effect.
Finally, the writer gives some advice for this paper to research further.
1、由于地下穿越项目的复杂性,理论计算发挥的作用是有限的,因此本文采用数值模拟(有限元模拟)的方法,以郑开线项目为例介绍了有限元方法在管棚—箱涵法中的应用。分析研究了合理施工工序的选取、不同施工工序对箱涵姿态的影响、超挖对施工的影响等。
2、本文以弹性地基梁理论为基础,建立了上排管棚在超挖和欠挖两种工况下的力学计算模型,推导出管棚的挠度曲线及相应的控制方程。当管棚产生沉降时,部分上覆土荷载通过管棚传递至主动区两侧,起到卸载作用;当管棚产生隆起时,部分上覆土荷载通过管棚转移至网格前端的区域,起到超载作用。
3、简单介绍了箱涵竖向姿态控制模型。针对郑开项目出现的箱涵低头现象提出了纠偏方案。
4、研究了管棚—箱涵工法中管棚合理间距的确定方法。管棚—箱涵工法中管棚间距大小是工程关心的主要问题之一:间距过小则会造成工程投资浪费,也给施工带来较大的困难;当管棚间距相对合适时,依靠棚间土体形成的“微拱作用”,土体不致于向下滑出;而管棚间距过大,管棚则无法起到有效的遮挡作用。本文基于“微拱效应”,就管棚—箱涵法的管棚间距问题进行了研究,给出了可以保持“微拱作用”的管棚间距计算公式。
最后,作者就本文对需进一步研究的课题提出了建议。
With the development of transportation rapidly, more and more large section and shallow buried tunnel will be constructed in city. Pipe roof-box jacking method is a kind of trenchless knowledge which has the advantage of little affect on ground activity and environment, especially for the case passing through road with heavy traffic and important zone. Based on the urban rapid highway between Zhengzhou and Kaifeng which crosses Jingzhu highway, this paper studies the mechanical effect of the pipe and the process of design and construction of the box such as establishment of reasonable spacing during the box jacking by means of analytical equation, numerical simulation, laboratory test and site measurement. The main job of this paper is listed as follows:
1. The effect of analytical equation is limited because of the complex of the underground crossing program. So this paper uses the numerical simulation method and introduces application of FEM in the pipe roof-box jacking method taking Zhengkai program for example. And this paper completes the research of selection of reasonable construction process, the effect caused by different processes to box attitude and the effect caused by overexcavation to construction.
2. This paper introduces the control model of vertical attitude of the box. It also proposes rectification measures to solve the problem of the box down during the construction.
3. During the Pipe-Roof Box Culvert construction, more and more attention is paid to the spacing between pipes. If the spacing is too small, the construction will be difficult and also waste material; when the spacing is not so small, depending on the "micro arching effect", the soil above will not slip out of the pipes. Along with increment of the spacing, the "micro arching effect" decreases; when the spacing exceeds a critical value, the soil above will slip out of the pipes. Based on the "micro arching effect", this paper makes research about the spacing between pipes and put forward a formula for the spacing between pipes to maintain the effect of the "micro arching effect".
4.Underexcavation and overexcavation models have been presented based on the elastic foundation beam theory and the corresponding deflection equations and other controlling equations have been deduced. When the settlement produced, the pipe roof can transfer some covering load from active sliding zone to stable zone and cause unloading effect. When the heave produced, the pipe roof can transfer some covering load to passive zone and cause unloading effect.
Finally, the writer gives some advice for this paper to research further.
引文
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[2] Sagadeta C. Analysis of undrained soil deformation due to ground loss, Geotechnique DEC 1988Vol. 38(4):647
[3] Sakai K, Hoshiya. Direction control method of shield tunnelling machines and its observed behaviours in some various ground conditions, Proceedings of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 1993,459:139-148
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[5] Shimada, Hideki, Khazaei, Saeid, Matsui, Kikuo. Small diameter tunnel excavation method using slurry pipe-jacking .Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 2004 Vol.22 (2):161-186
[6] Tan W. L. and Ranjith P. G.. Numerical Analysis of Pipe Roof Reinforcement in Soft Ground Tunneling[A]. In: Proc. of the 16th International Conference on Engineering Mechanics[C]. ASCE, Seattle, USA, 2003, (in CDRom)
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