船舶管系设计与荷载计算研究
|
摘要
船舶管系设计与荷载计算研究是船舶与海洋平台的重要技术问题之一。本文通过介绍管系的一般设计方法和标准，以及海洋钻井平台的七个典型管系，来确定管系荷载种类并研究其计算方法。文中采用经典的水力计算方法和计算流体力学(CFD)方法来研究管线的内部流体荷载；采用材料力学和流体力学来研究管线的外部荷载；应用有限元方法来分析校核管线的强度。本文的目的是要综合考虑管线的各种荷载，更加合理地为管道系统及其支撑结构的设计提供基本数据，以保证管系的最优化设计和运行安全。
本文完成的主要工作如下：
1．探讨管系设计方法和介绍著名的美国石油学会(API)管系标准。依据海洋钻井平台的七张管系工作原理示意图，介绍各个管系所能实现的功能与所操作的要求。在满足管系工作要求的情况下，总结了管系设计的一般原则及设计步骤。
2．计算管线内部流体荷载，也就是管系的压力分布计算。对于某些边界变化剧烈的局部区域，应用计算流体力学(CFD)方法进行数值模拟计算，即应用k-ε湍流模型方法进行管系局部压力分布数值模拟计算。
3．计算风荷载考虑了多种因素，包括风压随高度变化而变化，管线结构的体型效应，重现期的调整及风振的影响。
4．采用材料力学的梁理论，应用力法分析方法，计算出热膨胀导致的推力和弯矩。
5．采用材料力学的梁理论，应用力法分析方法，研究支撑结构移动导致的管系外荷载重新分配规律，修正管系支撑结构的设计荷载。
The investigation of ship pipeline system design and load calculation is one of the important technological problems for ship and marine platform. The load sorts of pipeline is determined and the method calculating the load is also studied, the general design method and standard of pipeline system and seven representative pipeline systems of marine drilling platform are introduced. The classical waterpower computing method and Computing Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method are adopted to study the fluid load of pipeline firstly. Then mechanics of materials and hydrodynamics are applied to study the outer load of pipeline system. Lastly the Finite Element Method (FEM) is applied to analysis and checking the strength of pipeline. Basic data could be provided much more reasonably to the design for pipeline and supporting structure to guarantee pipeline system optimization design most and run safely, after considering all kinds of loads synthetically.
The main aspects of research work are as following:
1. A pipeline design method is discussed and the famous American Petroleum Institute (API) pipeline standard is also introduced. According to seven pipeline work principle sketch maps of marine drilling platform, all achieved functions and operated requests of each pipeline system are introduced. Under satisfying the pipeline system work requests, the commonly principle and procedure of pipeline design are summarized.
2. The fluid load in pipeline is calculated, that is calculating the pressure distribution of pipeline. The Computing Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method was applied to the numerical simulation calculation for some local region where the boundary changes acutely. The numerical simulation calculation of the local pressure distribution for pipeline was processed by applying the method of RANS equations with the k-e model.
3. When calculating wind load, many factors are considered, including wind pressure variety along with altitude, bodily form effect of pipeline structures, adjustment of recurring period and influence of wind vibration.
4. Trust force and bending moment result in heat expansion are calculated by adopting beam theory of mechanics of materials and applying force component analysis method.
5. Adopting beam theory of mechanics of materials and applying force component analysis method, the rule that the outer load of pipeline result in pipeline supporting structure's motion is renewedly distributed was studied and the design load of pipeline supporting structure was revised.
本文完成的主要工作如下：
1．探讨管系设计方法和介绍著名的美国石油学会(API)管系标准。依据海洋钻井平台的七张管系工作原理示意图，介绍各个管系所能实现的功能与所操作的要求。在满足管系工作要求的情况下，总结了管系设计的一般原则及设计步骤。
2．计算管线内部流体荷载，也就是管系的压力分布计算。对于某些边界变化剧烈的局部区域，应用计算流体力学(CFD)方法进行数值模拟计算，即应用k-ε湍流模型方法进行管系局部压力分布数值模拟计算。
3．计算风荷载考虑了多种因素，包括风压随高度变化而变化，管线结构的体型效应，重现期的调整及风振的影响。
4．采用材料力学的梁理论，应用力法分析方法，计算出热膨胀导致的推力和弯矩。
5．采用材料力学的梁理论，应用力法分析方法，研究支撑结构移动导致的管系外荷载重新分配规律，修正管系支撑结构的设计荷载。
The investigation of ship pipeline system design and load calculation is one of the important technological problems for ship and marine platform. The load sorts of pipeline is determined and the method calculating the load is also studied, the general design method and standard of pipeline system and seven representative pipeline systems of marine drilling platform are introduced. The classical waterpower computing method and Computing Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method are adopted to study the fluid load of pipeline firstly. Then mechanics of materials and hydrodynamics are applied to study the outer load of pipeline system. Lastly the Finite Element Method (FEM) is applied to analysis and checking the strength of pipeline. Basic data could be provided much more reasonably to the design for pipeline and supporting structure to guarantee pipeline system optimization design most and run safely, after considering all kinds of loads synthetically.
The main aspects of research work are as following:
1. A pipeline design method is discussed and the famous American Petroleum Institute (API) pipeline standard is also introduced. According to seven pipeline work principle sketch maps of marine drilling platform, all achieved functions and operated requests of each pipeline system are introduced. Under satisfying the pipeline system work requests, the commonly principle and procedure of pipeline design are summarized.
2. The fluid load in pipeline is calculated, that is calculating the pressure distribution of pipeline. The Computing Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method was applied to the numerical simulation calculation for some local region where the boundary changes acutely. The numerical simulation calculation of the local pressure distribution for pipeline was processed by applying the method of RANS equations with the k-e model.
3. When calculating wind load, many factors are considered, including wind pressure variety along with altitude, bodily form effect of pipeline structures, adjustment of recurring period and influence of wind vibration.
4. Trust force and bending moment result in heat expansion are calculated by adopting beam theory of mechanics of materials and applying force component analysis method.
5. Adopting beam theory of mechanics of materials and applying force component analysis method, the rule that the outer load of pipeline result in pipeline supporting structure's motion is renewedly distributed was studied and the design load of pipeline supporting structure was revised.
引文
[1] 江宏．直接解算管流问题的精确方法[J]．水动力学研究与进展．1994，A辑第9卷第3期：350—360
[2] 李小燕，匡波，徐济望．气液两相流地网络模型探讨[J]．核科学与工程．2001，第21卷第3期：260～263
[3] 陈杰，于达，严大凡．水平管内油—水两相流动压降规律地实验研究[J]，实验力学。2001，第16卷第4期：402—408
[4] K. Hettiaratchi, S. R. Woodhead, A.R. Reed. Comparison between pressure drop in horizontal and vertical pneumatic conveying pipelines[J], power technology. 1998,95:67-73
[5] 彭宝成，宋金瓯，张玉荣．管路系统设计前地压降预测[J]．化学工程．1994，第22卷第5期：51—54
[6] 吴学伟，赵洪宾．给水管网状态估计模型的研究[J]．哈尔滨建筑大学学报．1998，第31卷第2期：57—62
[7] C.V. Kameswara Rao, K. Eswaran. Pressure transients in incompressible fluid pipeline networks[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design. 1999,188:1-11
[8] 李鸣．管网基本定理及数学模型[J]．节水灌溉．2001，第1期：8—14
[9] 杨俭安，王政雄．压力管路中的水击现象及其影响[J]．发电设备．1998，第一期：30
[10] A.G.T.J. Heinsbroek. Fluid-structure interaction in non-rigid pipeline system[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design. 1997,172:123-135
[11] V.C. Agarwal, Rakesh Mishra. Optimal design of a multi-stage capsule handling multi-phase pipeline[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping. 1998,75:27-35
[12] O.O.R. Famiyesin, K.D. Oliver, A.A. Rodger. Semi-empirical equations for pipeline design by the finite element method[J]. Computers and Structures. 2002,80:1369-1382
[13] C.C. Baniotoponlos. Saddle-supported pipelines: influence of unilateral support and thickness on the stress state[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping. 1996,67:55-64
[14] K. Abhary, A. Nourbakhsh, L.L.H.S. Loung. An exact analytical method for stress analysis of pipelines[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping. 1999,76:561-565
[15] 王绍周，关文吉，王维新．管道工程设计施工与维护[M]．北京：中国建材工业出版社，2000．25
[16] 吕文舫，郭雪宝，柯葵．水力学[M]．上海：同济大学出版社，1990．80，136-138
[17] 郭荣良，郭清南，祝世兴．流体力学及应用[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1996．136—137
[18] 窦以松，何希杰．管路摩擦阻力系数的计算方法[J]．水力学报．1995，第七期：28-31
[19] 李玉柱，苑明顺．流体力学[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1998．169-171
[20] 华绍曾，杨学宁等编译．实用流体阻力手册[M]．北京：国防工业出版社．1985
[21] 包志仁，刘国华，毛根海．给水管网平差环方程法地改进[J]．浙江大学学报(工学版)．2000，第34卷第4期：464-467
[22] B.E. Launder and D.B. Spalding. Lectures in Mathematical Models of Turbulence[M]. Academic Press, Landon, England, 1972.
[23] Y.Y. Wang and J.H. Long. Analyses of Turbulent Boundary Layer Equations for Ship Viscous Flow[J]. Proceedings of the 18th Session of Scientific and Methodological Seminar on Ship Hydrodynamics (SMSSH), 1989, Varna, Bulgaria, 101—106.
[24] F. Liu, J.X. Wen. The effect of turbulence modeling on the CFD simulation of buoyant diffusion flames[J]. Fire Safety Journal. 2002, 37:125-150
[25] S. Sarkar and L. Balakrishnan. Application of a Reynolds-Stress[J]. TurbulenceModel to the Compressible Shear Layer. ICASE Report 90-18, NASA CR 182002, 1990.
[26] 张涵信，沈孟育．计算流体力学——差分方法的原理和应用[M]．北京：国防工业出版社，2003．52—69
[27] 贺有多．传输过程的数值方法[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，1991．111—115
[28] 张兆顺．湍流[M]．北京：国防工业出版社，2002．266—269
[29] 金忠青．N-S方程的数值解和紊流模型[M]．南京：河海大学出版社，1989
[30] 陶文铨．数值传热学[M]．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1988．444
[31] B. E. Launder and D. B. Spalding. The Numerical Computation of Turbulent Flows, Comp. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 1974, 3: 269-289
[32] D．N．W．肯蒂什 编著，林均富、陈罕、王明明译．工业管道工程[M]．北京：中国石化出版社，1991．
[2] 李小燕，匡波，徐济望．气液两相流地网络模型探讨[J]．核科学与工程．2001，第21卷第3期：260～263
[3] 陈杰，于达，严大凡．水平管内油—水两相流动压降规律地实验研究[J]，实验力学。2001，第16卷第4期：402—408
[4] K. Hettiaratchi, S. R. Woodhead, A.R. Reed. Comparison between pressure drop in horizontal and vertical pneumatic conveying pipelines[J], power technology. 1998,95:67-73
[5] 彭宝成，宋金瓯，张玉荣．管路系统设计前地压降预测[J]．化学工程．1994，第22卷第5期：51—54
[6] 吴学伟，赵洪宾．给水管网状态估计模型的研究[J]．哈尔滨建筑大学学报．1998，第31卷第2期：57—62
[7] C.V. Kameswara Rao, K. Eswaran. Pressure transients in incompressible fluid pipeline networks[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design. 1999,188:1-11
[8] 李鸣．管网基本定理及数学模型[J]．节水灌溉．2001，第1期：8—14
[9] 杨俭安，王政雄．压力管路中的水击现象及其影响[J]．发电设备．1998，第一期：30
[10] A.G.T.J. Heinsbroek. Fluid-structure interaction in non-rigid pipeline system[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design. 1997,172:123-135
[11] V.C. Agarwal, Rakesh Mishra. Optimal design of a multi-stage capsule handling multi-phase pipeline[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping. 1998,75:27-35
[12] O.O.R. Famiyesin, K.D. Oliver, A.A. Rodger. Semi-empirical equations for pipeline design by the finite element method[J]. Computers and Structures. 2002,80:1369-1382
[13] C.C. Baniotoponlos. Saddle-supported pipelines: influence of unilateral support and thickness on the stress state[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping. 1996,67:55-64
[14] K. Abhary, A. Nourbakhsh, L.L.H.S. Loung. An exact analytical method for stress analysis of pipelines[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping. 1999,76:561-565
[15] 王绍周，关文吉，王维新．管道工程设计施工与维护[M]．北京：中国建材工业出版社，2000．25
[16] 吕文舫，郭雪宝，柯葵．水力学[M]．上海：同济大学出版社，1990．80，136-138
[17] 郭荣良，郭清南，祝世兴．流体力学及应用[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1996．136—137
[18] 窦以松，何希杰．管路摩擦阻力系数的计算方法[J]．水力学报．1995，第七期：28-31
[19] 李玉柱，苑明顺．流体力学[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1998．169-171
[20] 华绍曾，杨学宁等编译．实用流体阻力手册[M]．北京：国防工业出版社．1985
[21] 包志仁，刘国华，毛根海．给水管网平差环方程法地改进[J]．浙江大学学报(工学版)．2000，第34卷第4期：464-467
[22] B.E. Launder and D.B. Spalding. Lectures in Mathematical Models of Turbulence[M]. Academic Press, Landon, England, 1972.
[23] Y.Y. Wang and J.H. Long. Analyses of Turbulent Boundary Layer Equations for Ship Viscous Flow[J]. Proceedings of the 18th Session of Scientific and Methodological Seminar on Ship Hydrodynamics (SMSSH), 1989, Varna, Bulgaria, 101—106.
[24] F. Liu, J.X. Wen. The effect of turbulence modeling on the CFD simulation of buoyant diffusion flames[J]. Fire Safety Journal. 2002, 37:125-150
[25] S. Sarkar and L. Balakrishnan. Application of a Reynolds-Stress[J]. TurbulenceModel to the Compressible Shear Layer. ICASE Report 90-18, NASA CR 182002, 1990.
[26] 张涵信，沈孟育．计算流体力学——差分方法的原理和应用[M]．北京：国防工业出版社，2003．52—69
[27] 贺有多．传输过程的数值方法[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，1991．111—115
[28] 张兆顺．湍流[M]．北京：国防工业出版社，2002．266—269
[29] 金忠青．N-S方程的数值解和紊流模型[M]．南京：河海大学出版社，1989
[30] 陶文铨．数值传热学[M]．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1988．444
[31] B. E. Launder and D. B. Spalding. The Numerical Computation of Turbulent Flows, Comp. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 1974, 3: 269-289
[32] D．N．W．肯蒂什 编著，林均富、陈罕、王明明译．工业管道工程[M]．北京：中国石化出版社，1991．
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |