纤维增强聚氯乙烯复合材料的研究
|
摘要
本文在查阅了大量国内外有关聚氯乙烯(PVC)改性的文献资料的基础上，采用两种纤维对PVC进行了改性研究，用木纤维改性PVC制备轻质低成本的PVC材料，用辉绿岩代替玻璃纤维拟解决玻璃纤维增强PVC制品难加工的问题。
本文对木纤维进行了改性处理，研究了木纤维／PVC复合材料的形态结构与力学性能，结果表明：硅烷偶联剂和大分子偶联剂混合使用能改善木纤维与PVC的界面粘接，经过偶联剂处理的木纤维／PVC复合材料的力学性能较未处理木纤维／PVC材料高，虽然木纤维／PVC复合材料不能作为结构材料使用，但可作轻质低成本的木塑材料使用。
本文首次对高强度、高刚度、低成本的辉绿岩纤维增强PVC复合材料进行了研究。论文首先对辉绿岩纤维进行了表面改性，然后将改性后的辉绿岩纤维与PVC混炼、压片制备了辉绿岩纤维／PVC复合材料。用转矩流变仪、万能力学试验机、红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、动态力学分析(DMA)和差热分析(DSC)重点研究了辉绿岩纤维／PVC复合材料的加工性能、力学性能和微观结构。研究结果表明：尽管辉绿岩纤维／PVC复合体系的加工性能随辉绿岩纤维含量的增加而下降，但当辉绿岩纤维含量小于30份时，辉绿岩纤维／PVC体系的平衡转矩小于50Nm，说明当辉绿岩纤维含量小于30份时能够采用传统加工方法进行加工。IR谱图证示硅烷偶联剂与大分子偶联剂与辉绿岩纤维发生了化学结合；SEM照片证示采用硅烷偶联剂与大分子偶联剂混合处理的纤维在复合材料中分布均匀，与树脂结合较好；DMA分析证示辉绿岩纤维／PVC复合材料的模量较纯PVC显著提高；DSC分析证示辉绿岩纤维／PVC的耐热性较纯PVC提高。复合材料的力学性能随着辉绿岩的增加先升后降，复合材料拉伸强度最高可达56.5MPa，复合材料冲击强度最高可达70.1MPa，说明辉绿岩纤维增强PVC复合材料作结构材料使用。这些研究结果对PVC的工程化具有重要意义。
On the basis of surveying of the relative literature about the modification of PVC, two kinds of fibers were used to improve PVC, the light, low cost /wood fiber/PVC composites were made. Using diabase fiber instead of glass fiber reinforce PVC in order to resolve the difficult process problem.
the wood fiber was treated, the configuration and the mechanical properties of the wood fiber/PVC composite were studied. Results show that The silane and macromolecule coupling agent could reform the interface of the wood fiber and PVC. the mechanical properties of the treated wood fiber/PVC composite compared with the untreated wood fiber/PVC composite improved. The wood fiber/PVC composite could not be regarded as structure materials, but it is a sort of light, low cost wood-plastic material.
In the paper, the diabase fiber was also selected to reinforce PVC for the first time, which has high intensity, high rigidity and low cost, the diabase fiber was treated firstly, then during mixing, melting, pressing procedure, the diabase/PVC composite were prepared. The structure and properties of process and mechanics were analyzed by torque rheometer, omnipotence mechanics tester, IR, SEM, DMA, DSC. Results show that the properties of process droped along with the filling of the diabase fiber, but the balance torque was less than 50Nm when the content of the diabase fiber was less than 30phr, the diabase fiber/PVC composite could be processed by traditional technics. IR showed the chemic reaction take place between the coupling agents and the fiber. SEM illuminated the interfacial adhesion status and the distributing of the fibers changed better. DMA illuminated the modulus of the diabase fiber/PVC composite improved consumedly compare with PVC. DSC showed the heat resistance improved with the addition of diabase fiber. With the filling of diabase, the mechanical properties of the composite increased first and then decreased with a top tensile strength of 56.5Mpa and a top impact strength of 70.1Mpa. These illuminated that the diabase fiber reinforced PVC composites could be used as structure materials. All of the results have an important significance to the engineering of PVC.
本文对木纤维进行了改性处理，研究了木纤维／PVC复合材料的形态结构与力学性能，结果表明：硅烷偶联剂和大分子偶联剂混合使用能改善木纤维与PVC的界面粘接，经过偶联剂处理的木纤维／PVC复合材料的力学性能较未处理木纤维／PVC材料高，虽然木纤维／PVC复合材料不能作为结构材料使用，但可作轻质低成本的木塑材料使用。
本文首次对高强度、高刚度、低成本的辉绿岩纤维增强PVC复合材料进行了研究。论文首先对辉绿岩纤维进行了表面改性，然后将改性后的辉绿岩纤维与PVC混炼、压片制备了辉绿岩纤维／PVC复合材料。用转矩流变仪、万能力学试验机、红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、动态力学分析(DMA)和差热分析(DSC)重点研究了辉绿岩纤维／PVC复合材料的加工性能、力学性能和微观结构。研究结果表明：尽管辉绿岩纤维／PVC复合体系的加工性能随辉绿岩纤维含量的增加而下降，但当辉绿岩纤维含量小于30份时，辉绿岩纤维／PVC体系的平衡转矩小于50Nm，说明当辉绿岩纤维含量小于30份时能够采用传统加工方法进行加工。IR谱图证示硅烷偶联剂与大分子偶联剂与辉绿岩纤维发生了化学结合；SEM照片证示采用硅烷偶联剂与大分子偶联剂混合处理的纤维在复合材料中分布均匀，与树脂结合较好；DMA分析证示辉绿岩纤维／PVC复合材料的模量较纯PVC显著提高；DSC分析证示辉绿岩纤维／PVC的耐热性较纯PVC提高。复合材料的力学性能随着辉绿岩的增加先升后降，复合材料拉伸强度最高可达56.5MPa，复合材料冲击强度最高可达70.1MPa，说明辉绿岩纤维增强PVC复合材料作结构材料使用。这些研究结果对PVC的工程化具有重要意义。
On the basis of surveying of the relative literature about the modification of PVC, two kinds of fibers were used to improve PVC, the light, low cost /wood fiber/PVC composites were made. Using diabase fiber instead of glass fiber reinforce PVC in order to resolve the difficult process problem.
the wood fiber was treated, the configuration and the mechanical properties of the wood fiber/PVC composite were studied. Results show that The silane and macromolecule coupling agent could reform the interface of the wood fiber and PVC. the mechanical properties of the treated wood fiber/PVC composite compared with the untreated wood fiber/PVC composite improved. The wood fiber/PVC composite could not be regarded as structure materials, but it is a sort of light, low cost wood-plastic material.
In the paper, the diabase fiber was also selected to reinforce PVC for the first time, which has high intensity, high rigidity and low cost, the diabase fiber was treated firstly, then during mixing, melting, pressing procedure, the diabase/PVC composite were prepared. The structure and properties of process and mechanics were analyzed by torque rheometer, omnipotence mechanics tester, IR, SEM, DMA, DSC. Results show that the properties of process droped along with the filling of the diabase fiber, but the balance torque was less than 50Nm when the content of the diabase fiber was less than 30phr, the diabase fiber/PVC composite could be processed by traditional technics. IR showed the chemic reaction take place between the coupling agents and the fiber. SEM illuminated the interfacial adhesion status and the distributing of the fibers changed better. DMA illuminated the modulus of the diabase fiber/PVC composite improved consumedly compare with PVC. DSC showed the heat resistance improved with the addition of diabase fiber. With the filling of diabase, the mechanical properties of the composite increased first and then decreased with a top tensile strength of 56.5Mpa and a top impact strength of 70.1Mpa. These illuminated that the diabase fiber reinforced PVC composites could be used as structure materials. All of the results have an important significance to the engineering of PVC.
引文
[1]蓝凤祥．世界聚氯乙烯工业技术进展．聚氯乙烯，2001(3)：1～17
[2]陈杰．国内外聚氯乙烯工业生产技术进展．当代石油石化，2002，10(3)：17～22
[3]董洪斌，张礼安，杨风文，郭继生．我国聚氯乙烯市场浅析．化工技术经济，2002，20(5)：38～40
[4]刘启照．我国聚氯乙烯工业生产技术进展．聚氯乙烯，2001．(4)：1～6
[5]高军刚，杨丽庭，李燕芳．改性聚氯乙烯新材料．化学工业出版社．2002．10
[6]崔丽梅，殷耀华．我国硬质聚氯乙烯增韧改性的进展．聚氯乙烯，2003(1)：7～12
[7]E.Crawford, J.Lesser. Mechanics of rubber particle cavitation in toughened polyvinylchloride(PVC).Polymer,2000,41:5865-5860
[8]王英．国内聚氯乙烯抗冲击改性剂现状及发展趋势．中国塑料，2000，14(9)：12～14
[9]Akira Takaki and Hideo Yasui. Fracture and Impact Strength of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)/Methyl Methacrylate/Butadiene/Styrene Polymer Blends Polymer Engineering and Science, 1997, 37 (1): 105-119
[10]赵磊，梁国正，秦华宇，孟季茹．我国聚氯乙烯增韧改性研究的最新进展．中国塑料，2000，14(1)：8～17
[11]付东升，朱光明．PVC的共混改性研究进展．塑料科技，2003(3)：60～64
[12]潘祖仁，邱文豹，王贵恒主编．塑料工业手册．聚氯乙烯．北京：化学工业出版社，1999
[13]张桂云，张联，李静．共混改性聚氯乙烯的研究状况．高分子材料科学与工程，1998，3：4-6
[14]刘晓明主编．硬聚氯乙烯改性与加工．北京：中国轻工业出版社，1998，78
[15]杨中文，刘西文．纳米技术在高分子材料改性中的应用．现代塑料加工应用，2000，11(6)：38-40
[16]朱梦君，刘宏伟．纤维增强复合材料(FRP)的研究与应用．淮海工学院学报，2002．9(3)
[17]Z.M.Xiao, B.J.Chen.A screw dislocation interacting with inclusions in fiber-reinforced composites. Acta mechanica, 2002, 155(3-4): 203～214
[18]杨岭，何华珍，顾海麟，王东川．玻璃纤维增强热塑性复合材料及其应用．汽车工艺与材料
[19]A.A.Moslemi, Emerging Technologies in Mineral-Bonded Wood and Fiber Composites. Advanced performance materials, 1999, 6(2): 161～179
[20]Wu,H.F., Dwight,D.W., Huff, N.T. Effects of silane coupling agents on the interphase and performance of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Composites Science and Technology, 1997, 57(8): 975～983
[21]刘英俊，刘伯元．塑料填充改性．北京：中国轻工业出版社，1998：11-15
[22]杜仕国．复合材料用硅烷偶联剂的研究进展．玻璃钢／复合材料，1996(4)：32～36
[23]Mebarkia, S., Vipulanandan,C. Coupling agent and glass fibers in polyester mortar. Polymer Engineering and Science, 1994, 34(16): 1287～1296
[25]Y. Shindo and F. Narita. Transient thermal-mechanical response of glass-fiber reinforced plastics at low temperatures. Acta mechanica, 2002, 157(1-4): 159～174
[24]L.Ferry,J.M.Lopez Cuesta, C.Chivas. Incorporation of a grafted brominated monomer in glass fiber reinforced polypropylene to improve the fire resistance. Polymer degradation and stability, 2001, 74(3): 449～456
[26]欧玉春．刚性粒子填充聚合物的增强增韧与界面相结构．高分子材料科学与工程，1998，14(2)
[27]范世琦．辉绿岩棉的性能特点与生产．山东建材，1998(5)：45～46
[28]甘延景，张荣隋．鲁西地区中元古代四堡期辉绿岩基本特征．山东地质，2002，18(2)：20～23
[29]Matuana, Laurent M. Park, Chul B. Balatinecz, John J. Cell morphology and property relationships of microcellular foamed PVC/wood-fiber composites. Polymer Engineering and Science, 1998, 38(11): 1862～1872
[30]Fatih Mengeloglu. Effects of Impact Modifiers on the Properties of Rigid PVC/Wood-Fiber Composites. Journal of vinyl & additive technology,2000,6(3): 153～157
[31]廖兵，黄玉惠，林果，叶树录，陈鸣才，丛广民．聚氯乙烯／木纤维复合材料的研究．
广州化学，1996(3)：28～31
[32] 林群芳，周晓东，戴干策，程树军．废弃木粉与短切玻璃纤维组合增强聚丙烯的力学性能．中国塑料，2003，17(11)：57～60
[33] Kurauchi T, Ohta T.J.Mat.Sci. 1984,19:1699
[34] ZhouChuwei, WangXinwei, YangWei, FangDaining. Interface Damage Analysis of Fiber-Reinforced Composites With Ductile Matrix. Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2000, 17 (2): 119～123
[35] Laurent M.Matuana, Donatien P.Kamdem Accelerated Ultraviolet Weathering of PVC/Wood-Flour Composites. Polymer Engineering And Science, 2002, 42 (8):
[36] Matuana, Laurent M., Woodhams, Raymond T., Balatinecz, John J., Park, Chul B. Influence of interracial interactions on the properties of PVC/cellulosic fiber composites. Polymer Composites, 1998, 19(4): 446～455
[37] Kachlakev, Damian I.,Lundy,James R. Performance of Hollow Glass Fiber-reinforced Polymer Rebars. Journal of Composites for Construction, 1999,3(2):87-91
[38] 中西香尔 P．H．索罗曼．红外光谱分析100例．科学出版社 1984．8
[39] Nass L I. Encyclopedia of PVC [J]. Chemical Industry Press, 1985.
[40] 李玉林，何培新．高分子合金增韧机理的研究进展[J]．高分子材料科学与工程，2002，(5)：26-30
[41] 杨巧珍，李峰，段雪．镁铝碳酸根型LDH与聚氯乙烯的复合性能研究[J]．复合材料学报，2003，20(5)：82-87
[42] 孙文强，曾辉，牛兰刚，顾有伟．耐高温复合材料用玻璃纤维表面处理研究．玻璃钢／复合材料，2000(1)：33～35
[43] Soo-Jin Park, Joong-Seong Jin. Effect of Silane Coupling Agent on Interphase and Performance of Glass Fibers/Unsaturated Polyester Composites. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2001,242(1): 174-179
[44] 胡廷永，李文晓，林冀松．玻璃纤维增强聚氯乙烯复合材料的研究[J]．复合材料学报，1996，13(2)：22-27
[45] 叶林忠，吴其晔．短玻璃纤维增韧硬质聚氯乙烯的机理研究．高分子学报，1994(3)：364～368
[46] 易长海，许家瑞，曾汉民．玻璃纤维增强聚氯乙烯复合材料的研究．荆州师专学报(自然科学版)，1999，22(2)：63～67
[47] 易长海，周奇龙，许家瑞，曾汉民．硅烷偶联剂处理玻璃纤维表面的形态及活化机理．荆州师范学院学报(自然科学版)，2001，24(2)：93～96
[48] 万超瑛，乔秀颖，张勇，张隐西，滕国敏．增韧聚氯乙烯／蒙脱土复合材料的结构与性能．中国塑料，2003，17(4)：39～42
[49] 王平华，宋功品，徐国永，严满清．PVC／蒙脱土复合材料的制备与结构研究．中国塑料，2003，17(1)：35～38
[50] Ruckenstein et al.. Nanocomposites of rigid polyamide dispersed inflexible vinyl olymer. Polymer, 1997, 15:3855-3860
[51] 易长海，余训民，许家瑞，曾汉民．水悬浮法制备玻璃纤维/聚氯乙烯树脂复合材料．江汉石油学院学报，2002，24(2)：113～115
[52] R..L.Gorowara, W.E.Kosik. Molecular characterization of glass fiber surface coatings for thermosetting polymer matrix/glass fiber composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science andManufagturing, 2001, 32(3-4): 323～329
[2]陈杰．国内外聚氯乙烯工业生产技术进展．当代石油石化，2002，10(3)：17～22
[3]董洪斌，张礼安，杨风文，郭继生．我国聚氯乙烯市场浅析．化工技术经济，2002，20(5)：38～40
[4]刘启照．我国聚氯乙烯工业生产技术进展．聚氯乙烯，2001．(4)：1～6
[5]高军刚，杨丽庭，李燕芳．改性聚氯乙烯新材料．化学工业出版社．2002．10
[6]崔丽梅，殷耀华．我国硬质聚氯乙烯增韧改性的进展．聚氯乙烯，2003(1)：7～12
[7]E.Crawford, J.Lesser. Mechanics of rubber particle cavitation in toughened polyvinylchloride(PVC).Polymer,2000,41:5865-5860
[8]王英．国内聚氯乙烯抗冲击改性剂现状及发展趋势．中国塑料，2000，14(9)：12～14
[9]Akira Takaki and Hideo Yasui. Fracture and Impact Strength of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)/Methyl Methacrylate/Butadiene/Styrene Polymer Blends Polymer Engineering and Science, 1997, 37 (1): 105-119
[10]赵磊，梁国正，秦华宇，孟季茹．我国聚氯乙烯增韧改性研究的最新进展．中国塑料，2000，14(1)：8～17
[11]付东升，朱光明．PVC的共混改性研究进展．塑料科技，2003(3)：60～64
[12]潘祖仁，邱文豹，王贵恒主编．塑料工业手册．聚氯乙烯．北京：化学工业出版社，1999
[13]张桂云，张联，李静．共混改性聚氯乙烯的研究状况．高分子材料科学与工程，1998，3：4-6
[14]刘晓明主编．硬聚氯乙烯改性与加工．北京：中国轻工业出版社，1998，78
[15]杨中文，刘西文．纳米技术在高分子材料改性中的应用．现代塑料加工应用，2000，11(6)：38-40
[16]朱梦君，刘宏伟．纤维增强复合材料(FRP)的研究与应用．淮海工学院学报，2002．9(3)
[17]Z.M.Xiao, B.J.Chen.A screw dislocation interacting with inclusions in fiber-reinforced composites. Acta mechanica, 2002, 155(3-4): 203～214
[18]杨岭，何华珍，顾海麟，王东川．玻璃纤维增强热塑性复合材料及其应用．汽车工艺与材料
[19]A.A.Moslemi, Emerging Technologies in Mineral-Bonded Wood and Fiber Composites. Advanced performance materials, 1999, 6(2): 161～179
[20]Wu,H.F., Dwight,D.W., Huff, N.T. Effects of silane coupling agents on the interphase and performance of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Composites Science and Technology, 1997, 57(8): 975～983
[21]刘英俊，刘伯元．塑料填充改性．北京：中国轻工业出版社，1998：11-15
[22]杜仕国．复合材料用硅烷偶联剂的研究进展．玻璃钢／复合材料，1996(4)：32～36
[23]Mebarkia, S., Vipulanandan,C. Coupling agent and glass fibers in polyester mortar. Polymer Engineering and Science, 1994, 34(16): 1287～1296
[25]Y. Shindo and F. Narita. Transient thermal-mechanical response of glass-fiber reinforced plastics at low temperatures. Acta mechanica, 2002, 157(1-4): 159～174
[24]L.Ferry,J.M.Lopez Cuesta, C.Chivas. Incorporation of a grafted brominated monomer in glass fiber reinforced polypropylene to improve the fire resistance. Polymer degradation and stability, 2001, 74(3): 449～456
[26]欧玉春．刚性粒子填充聚合物的增强增韧与界面相结构．高分子材料科学与工程，1998，14(2)
[27]范世琦．辉绿岩棉的性能特点与生产．山东建材，1998(5)：45～46
[28]甘延景，张荣隋．鲁西地区中元古代四堡期辉绿岩基本特征．山东地质，2002，18(2)：20～23
[29]Matuana, Laurent M. Park, Chul B. Balatinecz, John J. Cell morphology and property relationships of microcellular foamed PVC/wood-fiber composites. Polymer Engineering and Science, 1998, 38(11): 1862～1872
[30]Fatih Mengeloglu. Effects of Impact Modifiers on the Properties of Rigid PVC/Wood-Fiber Composites. Journal of vinyl & additive technology,2000,6(3): 153～157
[31]廖兵，黄玉惠，林果，叶树录，陈鸣才，丛广民．聚氯乙烯／木纤维复合材料的研究．
广州化学，1996(3)：28～31
[32] 林群芳，周晓东，戴干策，程树军．废弃木粉与短切玻璃纤维组合增强聚丙烯的力学性能．中国塑料，2003，17(11)：57～60
[33] Kurauchi T, Ohta T.J.Mat.Sci. 1984,19:1699
[34] ZhouChuwei, WangXinwei, YangWei, FangDaining. Interface Damage Analysis of Fiber-Reinforced Composites With Ductile Matrix. Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2000, 17 (2): 119～123
[35] Laurent M.Matuana, Donatien P.Kamdem Accelerated Ultraviolet Weathering of PVC/Wood-Flour Composites. Polymer Engineering And Science, 2002, 42 (8):
[36] Matuana, Laurent M., Woodhams, Raymond T., Balatinecz, John J., Park, Chul B. Influence of interracial interactions on the properties of PVC/cellulosic fiber composites. Polymer Composites, 1998, 19(4): 446～455
[37] Kachlakev, Damian I.,Lundy,James R. Performance of Hollow Glass Fiber-reinforced Polymer Rebars. Journal of Composites for Construction, 1999,3(2):87-91
[38] 中西香尔 P．H．索罗曼．红外光谱分析100例．科学出版社 1984．8
[39] Nass L I. Encyclopedia of PVC [J]. Chemical Industry Press, 1985.
[40] 李玉林，何培新．高分子合金增韧机理的研究进展[J]．高分子材料科学与工程，2002，(5)：26-30
[41] 杨巧珍，李峰，段雪．镁铝碳酸根型LDH与聚氯乙烯的复合性能研究[J]．复合材料学报，2003，20(5)：82-87
[42] 孙文强，曾辉，牛兰刚，顾有伟．耐高温复合材料用玻璃纤维表面处理研究．玻璃钢／复合材料，2000(1)：33～35
[43] Soo-Jin Park, Joong-Seong Jin. Effect of Silane Coupling Agent on Interphase and Performance of Glass Fibers/Unsaturated Polyester Composites. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2001,242(1): 174-179
[44] 胡廷永，李文晓，林冀松．玻璃纤维增强聚氯乙烯复合材料的研究[J]．复合材料学报，1996，13(2)：22-27
[45] 叶林忠，吴其晔．短玻璃纤维增韧硬质聚氯乙烯的机理研究．高分子学报，1994(3)：364～368
[46] 易长海，许家瑞，曾汉民．玻璃纤维增强聚氯乙烯复合材料的研究．荆州师专学报(自然科学版)，1999，22(2)：63～67
[47] 易长海，周奇龙，许家瑞，曾汉民．硅烷偶联剂处理玻璃纤维表面的形态及活化机理．荆州师范学院学报(自然科学版)，2001，24(2)：93～96
[48] 万超瑛，乔秀颖，张勇，张隐西，滕国敏．增韧聚氯乙烯／蒙脱土复合材料的结构与性能．中国塑料，2003，17(4)：39～42
[49] 王平华，宋功品，徐国永，严满清．PVC／蒙脱土复合材料的制备与结构研究．中国塑料，2003，17(1)：35～38
[50] Ruckenstein et al.. Nanocomposites of rigid polyamide dispersed inflexible vinyl olymer. Polymer, 1997, 15:3855-3860
[51] 易长海，余训民，许家瑞，曾汉民．水悬浮法制备玻璃纤维/聚氯乙烯树脂复合材料．江汉石油学院学报，2002，24(2)：113～115
[52] R..L.Gorowara, W.E.Kosik. Molecular characterization of glass fiber surface coatings for thermosetting polymer matrix/glass fiber composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science andManufagturing, 2001, 32(3-4): 323～329
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |