基于价值工程的城镇燃气输配系统评价
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摘要
城镇燃气输配系统是城镇市政设施的重要组成部分,承担着向各类用户提供质量合格燃气的功能。合理评价燃气输配系统对降低工程投资,改善系统功能具有重要意义。结合我国燃气工程现状,分析了燃气输配系统常用评价方法的特点,指出评价方法应综合考虑系统各影响因素并将其量化以使评价结果更为客观.通过阐述价值工程的一般原理和作业程序,对城镇燃气输配系统的基本功能和辅助功能进行了区分,建立了燃气输配系统的功能系统图;针对价值工程中功能的计量问题,提出通过将功能量化来确定功能目标成本或功能重要度系数的方法,提出将燃气输配系统的管道有效性、系统可靠性、管道水力特性、管道的安全性以及系统的寿命周期和施工进度等指标作为功能评价量化指标,并利用层次分析法确定系统中各功能指标的权重;分析了燃气输配系统的寿命周期费用并给出了计算方法;根据价值工程有关原理,对城镇燃气输配管网进行价值分析,构建了燃气输配管网评价功能指标体系;对燃气管道的功能进行了分析,将管道功能划分为输送燃气、分配燃气、输送压力和储存燃气四个功能并进行量化,利用价值工程方法将价值系数作为评价指标对管网水力特性进行评价;结合燃气输配系统实例,利用价值工程方法对各方案进行了分析和评价,并选择出最优方案;采用年费用法和模糊物元优选法对燃气输配系统实例进行了评价,确定的最优方案与采用价值工程方法的结论一致。
City gas transmission and distribution system which takes the function to supply the qualified gas for types of users is an important part of the municipal establishments. Evaluating gas transmission and distribution system reasonably is significant to reduce the project investment and improve the system's function. According to the present situation of national gas engineering, the characteristics of the evaluation methods used in gas transmission and distribution system are analyzed, considering and quantifying the factors affecting the system are put forward to make the evaluation result more objective. By expounding the general principle and operation program of value engineering (VE), the basic and assistant functions of city gas transmission and distribution system are differentiated; functional system chart of the system is constituted. For the problem of function measure in VE, the method of function quantification is brought forward to define target cost or the importance coefficient of functions. The effectiveness of gas transmission and distribution system, the reliability of the system, the system's hydraulic characteristics, the safety of the pipeline, the system life cycle and construction schedule, etc. are introduced as the system evaluation quantitative indexes. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to determine the weights of the indexes. The life cycle cost of the gas transmission and distribution system is analyzed and the computation methods are given. Based on the principle of VE, city gas transmission and distribution pipeline system is analyzed and the evaluation function indexes system for pipeline system is constituted. The gas pipeline's functions are analyzed and the function of gas pipeline is divided into four parts: transporting gas, distributing gas, transporting pressure and storing gas. The quantification methods of every part are given. Using value coefficient as the evaluation index, the pipeline's hydraulic characteristics are evaluated using VE method. Based on an example of gas transmission and distribution system, value engineering is used to analysis and to evaluate the projects and the optimal one is selected. The annual charge method and the fuzzy matter-element optimization method are used to evaluate the project example; the selected optimal project is the same to value engineering method.
City gas transmission and distribution system which takes the function to supply the qualified gas for types of users is an important part of the municipal establishments. Evaluating gas transmission and distribution system reasonably is significant to reduce the project investment and improve the system's function. According to the present situation of national gas engineering, the characteristics of the evaluation methods used in gas transmission and distribution system are analyzed, considering and quantifying the factors affecting the system are put forward to make the evaluation result more objective. By expounding the general principle and operation program of value engineering (VE), the basic and assistant functions of city gas transmission and distribution system are differentiated; functional system chart of the system is constituted. For the problem of function measure in VE, the method of function quantification is brought forward to define target cost or the importance coefficient of functions. The effectiveness of gas transmission and distribution system, the reliability of the system, the system's hydraulic characteristics, the safety of the pipeline, the system life cycle and construction schedule, etc. are introduced as the system evaluation quantitative indexes. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to determine the weights of the indexes. The life cycle cost of the gas transmission and distribution system is analyzed and the computation methods are given. Based on the principle of VE, city gas transmission and distribution pipeline system is analyzed and the evaluation function indexes system for pipeline system is constituted. The gas pipeline's functions are analyzed and the function of gas pipeline is divided into four parts: transporting gas, distributing gas, transporting pressure and storing gas. The quantification methods of every part are given. Using value coefficient as the evaluation index, the pipeline's hydraulic characteristics are evaluated using VE method. Based on an example of gas transmission and distribution system, value engineering is used to analysis and to evaluate the projects and the optimal one is selected. The annual charge method and the fuzzy matter-element optimization method are used to evaluate the project example; the selected optimal project is the same to value engineering method.
引文
1.李猷嘉.燃气输配系统的设计与实践[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007,8
2.詹淑慧.燃气供应[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004,1.5
3.刘新卫.中国城镇化发展现状及特点[J].国土资源情报,2007,(7):40-46
4.顾文选.中国城镇化的速度与目标问题[J].城市问题,2008,(1):5-6
5.邓渊.煤气规划设计手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992.
6.刘家顺,粟国敏.技术经济学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004,144-188
7.E.W.McAllister.Pipeline rules of thumb handbook[M].Gulf professional publishing,2002,570-585
8.汪玉春.用灰色系统方法优选油气管道设计方案[J].石油规划设计,1993,4(3):27-30
9.宋东昱.肖芳淳,严大凡.多目标灰色局势决策在油气管路设计中的应用[J].石油学报1994,15(1):112-119
10.肖芳淳.灰色物元分析在优选油气管道设计方案中的应用[J].油气田地面工程1996,15(1):1-6
11.肖芳淳灰色物元分析的研究[J].强度与环境,1997(1):59-64
12.肖芳淳.油气管道设计的多目标模糊物元局势的决策[J].油气田地面工程,1996,15(4):1-5
13.肖芳淳.模糊物元评价法的研究[J].油气田地面工程,1997,16(6):1-5
14.肖芳淳.天然气管网系统输送方案模糊物元优选法[J].油气田地面工程,1997,16(3):1-3
15.刘武.基于层次分析法的天然气长输管道设计方案优选[J].石油规划设计,2002,13(3):22-24
16.刘武.唐劲松.谷雪琴.天然气长输管线设计方案优选方法研究[J].天然气与石油,2004,24(31):21-24
17.汪玉春,赵胜,陈娟等.天然气长输管道设计方案优选系统[J].天然气工业.2003,23(6):136-140
18.文涛,汪玉春,郭怡.天然气长输管道设计方案综合评价系统[J].油气储运,2005,24(8):10-14
19.中华人民共和国国家标准.GB8223-1987关于价值工程基本术语和一般工作程序[S]
20.王乃静.价值工程概论[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2006
21.Samy E.G.Elias.Value engineering,a powerful productivity tool[J].Computers Ind.Enzng,1998,35(3-4):381-393
22.李瑞峰.价值工程在矿业工程中的应用研究[D].辽宁阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2005,3-7
23.HAZOP.Value management and value engineering.Risk management and value management project applications[R].2005,1-7
24.朴贞花,袁庚,钱文斌等.价值工程在煤气行业中的应用分析[J].城市燃气,1999(8):3-4,19
25.张海峰.应用价值工程降低煤气生产成本[J].价值工程,2002(2):48-49
26.Lawrenoe D.Miles.Techniques of value analysis and engineering(3~(rd) edition)[M].Eleanor miles walker publishing,1989,24
27.路希逵,叶鸣金.价值工程[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社,1993,4-5
28.吴添祖,冯勤,欧阳仲健.技术经济学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004,332-386
29.中华人民共和国国家标准.GB50028-2006城镇燃气设计规范[S]
30.马良涛.燃气输配[M].北京:中国电力出版,2004,5-6
31.段常贵.燃气输配(第三版)[M].北京:中国建筑出版社,2001.
32.刘家友.燃气管材的技术经济比较及选择研究[J].山东建材,2007,28(1),37-39.
33.Gerald G Wilson(Chairman.GEOP Task Group) Distribution book D-1.System design[M].Arlington Virginia.The American Gas Association,1990.
34.Boyer,H.M.Measure of a good distribution system in a context of design optimization[R].Discttssion at the Seventh Joint Winter Workshop of A.GA.Operation section's Distribution Design and Development and Engineering and Operating Analysis Committee.New Orleans,Louisiana,March 7,1972.
35.王蕾,李帆.城市燃气输配管网的可靠性评价[J].煤气与热力,2005,25(4):5-8
36.毕彦勋.燃气输配系统的可靠性评价[J].煤气与热力,1986,(3):22-31
37.严铭卿.燃气输配管网结构分析的指标与分析技术[J].煤气与热力,2007,27(5):8-10
38.W.Kent Muhlbauer.Pipeline risk management manual:ideas,techniques and resources(3~(rd)edition)[M],Elsevier Inc publishing.2003:61
39.彭世尼.燃气安全管理技术[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2005
40.严宇,张鹏,李江.城市燃气管网风险评价方法[J].油气储运,2006,25(9):16-19
41.杨虹,万忠伦.价值工程中确定功能权重的方法[J].西华大学学报(自然科学版),2005,24(2):77-79
42.严铭卿,廉乐明等.天然气输配工程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
43.吴创明.天然气球罐与管道选材的探讨[J].煤气与热力,2004,24(9):510-514
44.黄国洪.燃气工程施工[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994,1-5
45.北京市燃气集团公司技术培训中心.聚乙烯燃气管道施工技术教程.北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2002,1-2
46.申晋峰.枝状管网与环状管网的技术经济评价[J].油气储运,2001,20(11),:30-32
47.杨起志,徐斌.价值工程方法在管道工程设计中的应用[J].供水技术,2007,1(2):61-64
48.吉林省建设厅.全国统一安装工程定额,给排水,采暖,燃气工程(GYD-208-2000)(第二版)[M].,北京:中国计划出版社,2001,213-217
49.李小军.市政燃气输配管道管材的选用.化工设备与管道[J],2002,39(4):46-48,4
50.李翠梅.给水管网设计与运行评价的价值工程方法[D].上海:同济大学,2004,66-68
2.詹淑慧.燃气供应[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004,1.5
3.刘新卫.中国城镇化发展现状及特点[J].国土资源情报,2007,(7):40-46
4.顾文选.中国城镇化的速度与目标问题[J].城市问题,2008,(1):5-6
5.邓渊.煤气规划设计手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992.
6.刘家顺,粟国敏.技术经济学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004,144-188
7.E.W.McAllister.Pipeline rules of thumb handbook[M].Gulf professional publishing,2002,570-585
8.汪玉春.用灰色系统方法优选油气管道设计方案[J].石油规划设计,1993,4(3):27-30
9.宋东昱.肖芳淳,严大凡.多目标灰色局势决策在油气管路设计中的应用[J].石油学报1994,15(1):112-119
10.肖芳淳.灰色物元分析在优选油气管道设计方案中的应用[J].油气田地面工程1996,15(1):1-6
11.肖芳淳灰色物元分析的研究[J].强度与环境,1997(1):59-64
12.肖芳淳.油气管道设计的多目标模糊物元局势的决策[J].油气田地面工程,1996,15(4):1-5
13.肖芳淳.模糊物元评价法的研究[J].油气田地面工程,1997,16(6):1-5
14.肖芳淳.天然气管网系统输送方案模糊物元优选法[J].油气田地面工程,1997,16(3):1-3
15.刘武.基于层次分析法的天然气长输管道设计方案优选[J].石油规划设计,2002,13(3):22-24
16.刘武.唐劲松.谷雪琴.天然气长输管线设计方案优选方法研究[J].天然气与石油,2004,24(31):21-24
17.汪玉春,赵胜,陈娟等.天然气长输管道设计方案优选系统[J].天然气工业.2003,23(6):136-140
18.文涛,汪玉春,郭怡.天然气长输管道设计方案综合评价系统[J].油气储运,2005,24(8):10-14
19.中华人民共和国国家标准.GB8223-1987关于价值工程基本术语和一般工作程序[S]
20.王乃静.价值工程概论[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2006
21.Samy E.G.Elias.Value engineering,a powerful productivity tool[J].Computers Ind.Enzng,1998,35(3-4):381-393
22.李瑞峰.价值工程在矿业工程中的应用研究[D].辽宁阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2005,3-7
23.HAZOP.Value management and value engineering.Risk management and value management project applications[R].2005,1-7
24.朴贞花,袁庚,钱文斌等.价值工程在煤气行业中的应用分析[J].城市燃气,1999(8):3-4,19
25.张海峰.应用价值工程降低煤气生产成本[J].价值工程,2002(2):48-49
26.Lawrenoe D.Miles.Techniques of value analysis and engineering(3~(rd) edition)[M].Eleanor miles walker publishing,1989,24
27.路希逵,叶鸣金.价值工程[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社,1993,4-5
28.吴添祖,冯勤,欧阳仲健.技术经济学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004,332-386
29.中华人民共和国国家标准.GB50028-2006城镇燃气设计规范[S]
30.马良涛.燃气输配[M].北京:中国电力出版,2004,5-6
31.段常贵.燃气输配(第三版)[M].北京:中国建筑出版社,2001.
32.刘家友.燃气管材的技术经济比较及选择研究[J].山东建材,2007,28(1),37-39.
33.Gerald G Wilson(Chairman.GEOP Task Group) Distribution book D-1.System design[M].Arlington Virginia.The American Gas Association,1990.
34.Boyer,H.M.Measure of a good distribution system in a context of design optimization[R].Discttssion at the Seventh Joint Winter Workshop of A.GA.Operation section's Distribution Design and Development and Engineering and Operating Analysis Committee.New Orleans,Louisiana,March 7,1972.
35.王蕾,李帆.城市燃气输配管网的可靠性评价[J].煤气与热力,2005,25(4):5-8
36.毕彦勋.燃气输配系统的可靠性评价[J].煤气与热力,1986,(3):22-31
37.严铭卿.燃气输配管网结构分析的指标与分析技术[J].煤气与热力,2007,27(5):8-10
38.W.Kent Muhlbauer.Pipeline risk management manual:ideas,techniques and resources(3~(rd)edition)[M],Elsevier Inc publishing.2003:61
39.彭世尼.燃气安全管理技术[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2005
40.严宇,张鹏,李江.城市燃气管网风险评价方法[J].油气储运,2006,25(9):16-19
41.杨虹,万忠伦.价值工程中确定功能权重的方法[J].西华大学学报(自然科学版),2005,24(2):77-79
42.严铭卿,廉乐明等.天然气输配工程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
43.吴创明.天然气球罐与管道选材的探讨[J].煤气与热力,2004,24(9):510-514
44.黄国洪.燃气工程施工[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994,1-5
45.北京市燃气集团公司技术培训中心.聚乙烯燃气管道施工技术教程.北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2002,1-2
46.申晋峰.枝状管网与环状管网的技术经济评价[J].油气储运,2001,20(11),:30-32
47.杨起志,徐斌.价值工程方法在管道工程设计中的应用[J].供水技术,2007,1(2):61-64
48.吉林省建设厅.全国统一安装工程定额,给排水,采暖,燃气工程(GYD-208-2000)(第二版)[M].,北京:中国计划出版社,2001,213-217
49.李小军.市政燃气输配管道管材的选用.化工设备与管道[J],2002,39(4):46-48,4
50.李翠梅.给水管网设计与运行评价的价值工程方法[D].上海:同济大学,2004,66-68