远程集中抄表系统研究
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摘要
目前电力系统用电抄表，基本上还处于人工抄表状况，其抄表的同时性、准确性难以保证，同时居民用电还存在分散、量大、楼高等特点，人工抄表的工作量巨大，这给不断发展的市场经济极不相称，同时也不便于电力部门进行全面准确的生产经营、分析统计、配网线损分析等工作。因此该论文的选题具有重要的工程应用价值。
本文首先系统地总结了目前国内外低压电力网数据传输技术的研究现状和存在的问题，在此基础上，从理论上论证了在低压电网上应用扩频载波数据通信技术的可行性和优越性，并重点论述了扩频载波技术抗电力线噪声干扰的机埋；本文提出了一个新颖的基于低压电力线扩频载波通信技术的集中远抄系统的总体方案，即由用户终端、集中器和电能管理系统所组成的网络系统，其中，用户终端到配变集中器用低压电力线作为信道，中间无需其他硬件中继设备，集中器到电能管理系统用公用电话网作为信道。本文较详细地论述了该系统用户终端(MTU)的软硬件设计。作为系统的重要组成部分，本文同时也完成了集中抄系统集中器的软硬件设计。经现场运行、测试，其结果表明：基于扩频载波通信技术的集中抄表系统完全满足抄表技术要求，对集中抄系统在重庆电力系统中的应用奠定工程基础。
The REMRS (Remote Electricity Meter Reading System)on low voltage power network is a leading research at present, which offers power supply company great efficient for the electric-energy management and sale. Its key technology and application bottleneck is PLC (Power Line Carrier technology).
Firstly the research status and existing problems of PLC are summarized in details, upon which, the thesis analyzes the possibility and superiority of applying SSC (Spread Spectrum Carrier) technology to data communication system on low voltage power network in theory. Then a new design of REMRS based on the technology of spread spectrum PLC communication on low voltage power line is presented in this thesis, which consists of customer terminal, substation collector and management center computer. In the system, the low voltage power line is the first signal tunnel without any other relay equipments between customer terminal and substation collector, public telephone line serves as the second signal tunnel between substation and management center computer.
As a breakthrough of conventional concept of electricity meter, this thesis initiate a new concept, namely, intelligent power customer terminal (shortly, customer terminal), which is developed with spread spectrum PLC communication functional and possesses many advanced functions, such as, in addition to electric energy acquisition, guarding against electricity pilfering, preventing wrong connection, protecting malfunction, remote communication (for example, remote power supply or halt, remote configuration of electricity meter, remote load control, etc), and so on. The hardware and software design of this new customer terminal is dissertated in the thesis. Another important part of the system, substation collector, is developed partly and also dissertated in the thesis, both hardware and software. As a conclusion, the results tested on the spot are provided in the thesis, which demonstrates that the REMRS based on spread spectrum PLC is success and can satisfy the needs of RMS (Remote Metering System).
本文首先系统地总结了目前国内外低压电力网数据传输技术的研究现状和存在的问题，在此基础上，从理论上论证了在低压电网上应用扩频载波数据通信技术的可行性和优越性，并重点论述了扩频载波技术抗电力线噪声干扰的机埋；本文提出了一个新颖的基于低压电力线扩频载波通信技术的集中远抄系统的总体方案，即由用户终端、集中器和电能管理系统所组成的网络系统，其中，用户终端到配变集中器用低压电力线作为信道，中间无需其他硬件中继设备，集中器到电能管理系统用公用电话网作为信道。本文较详细地论述了该系统用户终端(MTU)的软硬件设计。作为系统的重要组成部分，本文同时也完成了集中抄系统集中器的软硬件设计。经现场运行、测试，其结果表明：基于扩频载波通信技术的集中抄表系统完全满足抄表技术要求，对集中抄系统在重庆电力系统中的应用奠定工程基础。
The REMRS (Remote Electricity Meter Reading System)on low voltage power network is a leading research at present, which offers power supply company great efficient for the electric-energy management and sale. Its key technology and application bottleneck is PLC (Power Line Carrier technology).
Firstly the research status and existing problems of PLC are summarized in details, upon which, the thesis analyzes the possibility and superiority of applying SSC (Spread Spectrum Carrier) technology to data communication system on low voltage power network in theory. Then a new design of REMRS based on the technology of spread spectrum PLC communication on low voltage power line is presented in this thesis, which consists of customer terminal, substation collector and management center computer. In the system, the low voltage power line is the first signal tunnel without any other relay equipments between customer terminal and substation collector, public telephone line serves as the second signal tunnel between substation and management center computer.
As a breakthrough of conventional concept of electricity meter, this thesis initiate a new concept, namely, intelligent power customer terminal (shortly, customer terminal), which is developed with spread spectrum PLC communication functional and possesses many advanced functions, such as, in addition to electric energy acquisition, guarding against electricity pilfering, preventing wrong connection, protecting malfunction, remote communication (for example, remote power supply or halt, remote configuration of electricity meter, remote load control, etc), and so on. The hardware and software design of this new customer terminal is dissertated in the thesis. Another important part of the system, substation collector, is developed partly and also dissertated in the thesis, both hardware and software. As a conclusion, the results tested on the spot are provided in the thesis, which demonstrates that the REMRS based on spread spectrum PLC is success and can satisfy the needs of RMS (Remote Metering System).
引文
[1] Radford D. Spread-Spectrum Data Leap Through AC Power Wiring. IEEE Spectrum, 1996
[2] Chan M H L, Donaldson R W. Attenuation of Communication Signals on Residential and Commercial Intrabuilding Power Distribution Circuits. IEEE. Trans on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1986, EMC-28(4)
[3] Vines R M, Trussell H J, Gale L J, et al Noise on Residential Power. Distribution Circuits. IEEE Trans on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1984, EMC. 26(4)
[4] John Newbury Communication Requirements and Standards for Low Voltage Mains Signalling. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery W, Vol. 13 No..1. January 1998
[5] Interface Using Spread Spectrum Technology in Home Automation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 11, No. 5, July 1996
[6] R.M.Vines, H.J.Gales, and J.B.O, Neal, Jr Noise on Residential Power Distribution Circuits". IEEE Transaction on Electro magnate, Vol. EMC.26, 161～168, Nov. 1984
[7] PowerLine Noise Survey, IEEE Trans Eiectromagn Compat Vol.EMC14, pp31～32, Feb, 1972
[8] R.M.Vines, H.J.Trssel, K.C.Shuey, and J.B.O Neal.Jr. "Impedance of the Residential Power Distribution Circuit". IEEE Trans Electromagn. Compat. Vol. EMC27, pp6～12, Feb, 985
[9] P.K.van der Gracht and R.W. Donaldson, "Communication Using Pseudonoise Modulation on Electric Power Distribution Circuits". IEEE Trans. Comm. Vol. COM33, pp964～974, Sept. 1985
[10] H. Ochsner "Data Transmission on Low Voltage Power Distribution Lines Using Spread Spectrum Techniques". In Proc. Can Comm Power Conf (Montreal, P.Q.Canada), Oct.15 17, 1980, pp236～239
[11] J.O, Onungaand R. W. Donaldson, "Personal Computer Communications on Power Line LAN's Using CSMA with Priority ". IEEE J.Select. Areas Commun, Vol 7, pp180～191
[12] Son T. Vuong and Audivox H.T. Ma, "A Low-cost and Portable Local Area Network for Interconnecting PC's Using Electc Power Lines, ". EEE J.Select. Areas Commun, Vol 7, pp192～200
[13] R.A.Scholtz The Spread Spectrum Concept. IEEE Trans. Comm 1977,
COM.25, pp748～755
[14] A.Patck, JohnNewbu W, Sean Gargan, "Two, Way Communications Systems the Electricity Supply Industry. IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 13, No.1, January 1998
[15] Ta Wanskas A. Telecommunication for Business Users TMA News and views August 1995
[16] Brown P. A. High Frequency Conditioned Power Networks UTC Annual Conference Proceedings, 13 July-4August 1995
[17] Mak S.T, TWACS.A Power Line Communication Technology for Power Network Control and Monitoring. IEEE Trans on power delivery, 1986, (1): 66～71
[18] Mak S.T.Raford D.Design Considerations for Implementation of Large Scale Automatic Meter Reading Systems. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1994, Vol.45 (10): 97～103
[19] 高峰等．低压电力线载波通信中信号传输特性分析．电力系统自动化·2000，
[20] 杨士中．静电容无绳广播方法．发明专利．专利号：92108267．3
[21] 宋永华，肖颖，张堪．电力线载波技术重大突破．电网技术，1999，2
[22] 周世炸，张绍卿，洪文学．一种基于电力配电网络的双向工频通信技术．电子技术，1999，8
[23] 赵瑞霖等．电力线通信与扩频载波电路．电子产品世界，1998，12
[24] 陈维干．电力线载波通道．水利电力出版社，1983
[25] 陈淑荣．电力系统数据传输．水利电力出版社，1988
[26] 杨吟梅．变电站内磁兼容问题(二)口——变电站内主要干扰源及其特性．电网技术，1997年1(3)
[27] 陈正石．扩频技术在电力线载波通信中的应用分析．电力系统通信，1998，
[28] 朱进康．扩展频谱通信及其应用．中国科学技术大学出版社，1991
[29] 沈允春．扩频技术．国防工业出版社，1995
[30] 许胜洪．低压电力网扩频数据传输特性的研究学位论文．重庆大学，1995
[31] 肖本贤等．基于电力Modem的远程电表联网自动超表监控系统的研究．微电子学与计算机，1998，3
[32] 刘玉明等．计算机远程抄表系统．电气自动化．1999，2
[33] 刘晓彦等．电力载波智能电表的研制．微型机与应用．1999，11
[34] 赵东升等．基于电力线传输的燃气报警系统的设计．电子技术．2000，3
[35] 邵源，钟炬，周昭茂．关于低压用户集中抄表系统综述．电力系统自动化，1999，23(17)
[36]邱玉春．利用电力线组网的监控网络协议选择．现代通信，2000，1
[37]何立民．单片机高级教程—应用与设计．北京航空航天大学出版社，2000
[38]李秉操等．单片机接口技术及其在工业控制申的应用．陕西电子编辑部，1991
[39]江思明．Protel 99实例演练．人民邮电出版社．2000
[40]高文焕，汪惠．模拟电路的计算机分析与设计——Pspice程序应用．清华大学出版社，1999
[41]贾新章等．OrCAD/Pspiceg实用教程．西安电子科技大学出版社，1999
[42]康华光．电子技术基础——模拟部分．高等教育出版社，1995
[43]康华光 电子技术基础——数字部分．高等教育出版社．1995
[44]江泽佳 电路原理(上、下册)．高等教育出版社．1994
[45]季学岗等DELPHI编程疑难祥解．人民邮电出版社，2000年7月
[46]沙占友等单片开关模块电源的电路设计．电源技术应用．2000，11
[47]于复生等．时钟芯片D51302及其在数据记录中的应用．电子技术应用．2000，3
[48]辛德强等X25045与8051的接口技术．电子技术应用．1999，12
[49]中国集成电路手册．国防工业出版社．1995
[50]陈建荣等．分布式数据库设计导论．清华大学出版社，1999
[51]沈均毅．管理信息系统通用查询工具的设计与实现．计算机工程与应用2000，5
[52]邱玉春等．改善扩频载波接收机性能的计算方法．电力系统通信．2000，3
[53]何立民．单片机应用技术选编(6)．北京航空航天大学出版社，1998年8月
[54]何立民 单片机应用技术选编(7)．北京航空航天大学出版社，1999年8月
[55]何立民 单片机应用技术选编(8)，北京航空航天大学出版社，2000年8月
[2] Chan M H L, Donaldson R W. Attenuation of Communication Signals on Residential and Commercial Intrabuilding Power Distribution Circuits. IEEE. Trans on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1986, EMC-28(4)
[3] Vines R M, Trussell H J, Gale L J, et al Noise on Residential Power. Distribution Circuits. IEEE Trans on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1984, EMC. 26(4)
[4] John Newbury Communication Requirements and Standards for Low Voltage Mains Signalling. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery W, Vol. 13 No..1. January 1998
[5] Interface Using Spread Spectrum Technology in Home Automation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 11, No. 5, July 1996
[6] R.M.Vines, H.J.Gales, and J.B.O, Neal, Jr Noise on Residential Power Distribution Circuits". IEEE Transaction on Electro magnate, Vol. EMC.26, 161～168, Nov. 1984
[7] PowerLine Noise Survey, IEEE Trans Eiectromagn Compat Vol.EMC14, pp31～32, Feb, 1972
[8] R.M.Vines, H.J.Trssel, K.C.Shuey, and J.B.O Neal.Jr. "Impedance of the Residential Power Distribution Circuit". IEEE Trans Electromagn. Compat. Vol. EMC27, pp6～12, Feb, 985
[9] P.K.van der Gracht and R.W. Donaldson, "Communication Using Pseudonoise Modulation on Electric Power Distribution Circuits". IEEE Trans. Comm. Vol. COM33, pp964～974, Sept. 1985
[10] H. Ochsner "Data Transmission on Low Voltage Power Distribution Lines Using Spread Spectrum Techniques". In Proc. Can Comm Power Conf (Montreal, P.Q.Canada), Oct.15 17, 1980, pp236～239
[11] J.O, Onungaand R. W. Donaldson, "Personal Computer Communications on Power Line LAN's Using CSMA with Priority ". IEEE J.Select. Areas Commun, Vol 7, pp180～191
[12] Son T. Vuong and Audivox H.T. Ma, "A Low-cost and Portable Local Area Network for Interconnecting PC's Using Electc Power Lines, ". EEE J.Select. Areas Commun, Vol 7, pp192～200
[13] R.A.Scholtz The Spread Spectrum Concept. IEEE Trans. Comm 1977,
COM.25, pp748～755
[14] A.Patck, JohnNewbu W, Sean Gargan, "Two, Way Communications Systems the Electricity Supply Industry. IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 13, No.1, January 1998
[15] Ta Wanskas A. Telecommunication for Business Users TMA News and views August 1995
[16] Brown P. A. High Frequency Conditioned Power Networks UTC Annual Conference Proceedings, 13 July-4August 1995
[17] Mak S.T, TWACS.A Power Line Communication Technology for Power Network Control and Monitoring. IEEE Trans on power delivery, 1986, (1): 66～71
[18] Mak S.T.Raford D.Design Considerations for Implementation of Large Scale Automatic Meter Reading Systems. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1994, Vol.45 (10): 97～103
[19] 高峰等．低压电力线载波通信中信号传输特性分析．电力系统自动化·2000，
[20] 杨士中．静电容无绳广播方法．发明专利．专利号：92108267．3
[21] 宋永华，肖颖，张堪．电力线载波技术重大突破．电网技术，1999，2
[22] 周世炸，张绍卿，洪文学．一种基于电力配电网络的双向工频通信技术．电子技术，1999，8
[23] 赵瑞霖等．电力线通信与扩频载波电路．电子产品世界，1998，12
[24] 陈维干．电力线载波通道．水利电力出版社，1983
[25] 陈淑荣．电力系统数据传输．水利电力出版社，1988
[26] 杨吟梅．变电站内磁兼容问题(二)口——变电站内主要干扰源及其特性．电网技术，1997年1(3)
[27] 陈正石．扩频技术在电力线载波通信中的应用分析．电力系统通信，1998，
[28] 朱进康．扩展频谱通信及其应用．中国科学技术大学出版社，1991
[29] 沈允春．扩频技术．国防工业出版社，1995
[30] 许胜洪．低压电力网扩频数据传输特性的研究学位论文．重庆大学，1995
[31] 肖本贤等．基于电力Modem的远程电表联网自动超表监控系统的研究．微电子学与计算机，1998，3
[32] 刘玉明等．计算机远程抄表系统．电气自动化．1999，2
[33] 刘晓彦等．电力载波智能电表的研制．微型机与应用．1999，11
[34] 赵东升等．基于电力线传输的燃气报警系统的设计．电子技术．2000，3
[35] 邵源，钟炬，周昭茂．关于低压用户集中抄表系统综述．电力系统自动化，1999，23(17)
[36]邱玉春．利用电力线组网的监控网络协议选择．现代通信，2000，1
[37]何立民．单片机高级教程—应用与设计．北京航空航天大学出版社，2000
[38]李秉操等．单片机接口技术及其在工业控制申的应用．陕西电子编辑部，1991
[39]江思明．Protel 99实例演练．人民邮电出版社．2000
[40]高文焕，汪惠．模拟电路的计算机分析与设计——Pspice程序应用．清华大学出版社，1999
[41]贾新章等．OrCAD/Pspiceg实用教程．西安电子科技大学出版社，1999
[42]康华光．电子技术基础——模拟部分．高等教育出版社，1995
[43]康华光 电子技术基础——数字部分．高等教育出版社．1995
[44]江泽佳 电路原理(上、下册)．高等教育出版社．1994
[45]季学岗等DELPHI编程疑难祥解．人民邮电出版社，2000年7月
[46]沙占友等单片开关模块电源的电路设计．电源技术应用．2000，11
[47]于复生等．时钟芯片D51302及其在数据记录中的应用．电子技术应用．2000，3
[48]辛德强等X25045与8051的接口技术．电子技术应用．1999，12
[49]中国集成电路手册．国防工业出版社．1995
[50]陈建荣等．分布式数据库设计导论．清华大学出版社，1999
[51]沈均毅．管理信息系统通用查询工具的设计与实现．计算机工程与应用2000，5
[52]邱玉春等．改善扩频载波接收机性能的计算方法．电力系统通信．2000，3
[53]何立民．单片机应用技术选编(6)．北京航空航天大学出版社，1998年8月
[54]何立民 单片机应用技术选编(7)．北京航空航天大学出版社，1999年8月
[55]何立民 单片机应用技术选编(8)，北京航空航天大学出版社，2000年8月