碳纳米管镁基复合材料的界面行为和断裂机制研究
|
摘要
本文全面综述了国内外碳纳米管镁基复合材料的发展现状,研究内容包括镍包覆碳纳米管的制备方法,复合材料的界面行为、微观组织和断裂机制。主要研究内容如下：
利用自制的阳极电弧设备制备出碳纳米管及其管束,其准直性好、结构缺陷少、长度和直径分布均匀。产物中含有三种形态。根据产物的组成特点制定纯化办法。纯化结果表明,棒状物中主要含有单壁碳纳米管管束,膜状物和网状物中碳纳米管的含量较高,多为单壁碳纳米管及其管束。
采用化学镀的方法在碳纳米管外表面上包覆镍层,化学镀中采用的碳纳米管是依据其官能团化程度筛选出的,镀覆结果显示镀层光滑、厚度均匀,对称性好。通过热处理提高镀层的结晶化程度,使镀层由无定形态转化为结晶态。发现镀层中的镍含有两种晶体结构：面心立方结构和六角密排结构,且镀层中发生了晶格膨胀。利用自制的阳极电弧等离子体制备方法,合成了外部包覆镍金属纳米粒子的碳纳米管,并分析其制备原理。
以碳纳米管和碳化硅颗粒作为增强体材料,制备镁基复合材料,其晶粒明显得到细化。加入碳纳米管之后,复合材料的位错密度增加。但过多的加入量会导致增强体在晶界处发生团聚现象,在晶界处形成大块的黑色颗粒。
碳纳米管表面包覆镍层,能够改善增强体与基体之间的相容性,加强两者的结合性。碳纳米管表面的镍层与镁基体之间存在界面反应,生成界面相Mg2Ni。界面相的生成量与碳纳米管的含量有关。碳化硅颗粒与镁之间也存在界面反应,生成了中间相Mg2Si。
加入碳纳米管前后,镁基复合材料的断裂方式发生明显的变化。加入碳纳米管之后,复合材料的晶界得到了加强,促使裂纹转向晶粒内部扩散,从而形成穿晶断裂。但碳纳米管难以分散,在晶界的某些区域容易发生团聚,导致这些区域有利于裂纹的产生和扩散,形成沿晶断裂。并在断口表面发现少量韧窝,这是韧性断裂的特征。证明,CNTs/Mg复合材料的断裂方式是穿晶断裂为主、沿晶断裂和韧性断裂为辅的混合断裂方式。CNTs/SiCp/Mg与其类似。将基体材料换为AZ91D型镁合金之后,CNTs/AZ91D和CNTs/SiCp/AZ91D复合材料的断裂方式为韧性断裂和脆性断裂共存的混合断裂方式。
The research progress of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) modified magnesium matrix composites has been reviewed in this thesis.The interfacial behavior, microstructure, fracture properties of Mg-based composites, and the approach of the preparation of carbon nanotubes with nickel layers have been studied.The main results are listed as followings:
The CNTs have outstanding properties such as quasi-straight, fewer defects and they have the similar length and diameter, which were produced by using anode arc plasma method.The product has three styles.The ways of purification are due to their characteristic. The results show that the rod-like product contains mainly single-walled carbon nanotubes bundles, the film-like and network produce contain mainly single-walled carbon nanotubes and their bundles.
The CNTs with Ni coated layers were obtained by an electroless deposition process. The CNTs were chose by their degree of functional groups.The electrolessly deposited Ni layers are distributed on the individual tube homogenously.The heat-treatment caused the transformation of the amorphous Ni-P layers to the nanocrystalline Ni-P layers.The crystal structures of Ni in plating layer contain:hexagonal close-packed structure and face-centered cubic structure. The lattice has expanded.The CNTs with Ni metal nanoparticles coatings have been produced by using anode arc plasma method. The preparation principle has been analyzed.
The reinforcement of CNTs and SiCp could clearly refine the primary grains of magnesium matrix composite.The increase of dislocation density is due to the adding of CNTs.But the agglomeration would take place in the case of the degree of adding is too much.
The layers could improve weak interfacial bonding between CNTs and matrix.The formation of Mg2Ni is due to the reaction between Ni layers and Mg matrix.The formation of MgSi2 is due to the reaction between SiCp and Mg matrix.
The adding of CNTs leads the clearly difference in the fracture way of composites. The transgranular fracture is due to the adding of CNTs, which could enhance the grain boundary. But the agglomeration would induce intercrystalline fracture.The fracture way of the CNTs/SiCp/Mg was transgranular and intercrystalline fracture, and the later was not dominated.The fracture way of AZ91D/CNTs/SiCp is a mixed fracture, which contains cleavage, intercrystalline and gliding fracture.
利用自制的阳极电弧设备制备出碳纳米管及其管束,其准直性好、结构缺陷少、长度和直径分布均匀。产物中含有三种形态。根据产物的组成特点制定纯化办法。纯化结果表明,棒状物中主要含有单壁碳纳米管管束,膜状物和网状物中碳纳米管的含量较高,多为单壁碳纳米管及其管束。
采用化学镀的方法在碳纳米管外表面上包覆镍层,化学镀中采用的碳纳米管是依据其官能团化程度筛选出的,镀覆结果显示镀层光滑、厚度均匀,对称性好。通过热处理提高镀层的结晶化程度,使镀层由无定形态转化为结晶态。发现镀层中的镍含有两种晶体结构：面心立方结构和六角密排结构,且镀层中发生了晶格膨胀。利用自制的阳极电弧等离子体制备方法,合成了外部包覆镍金属纳米粒子的碳纳米管,并分析其制备原理。
以碳纳米管和碳化硅颗粒作为增强体材料,制备镁基复合材料,其晶粒明显得到细化。加入碳纳米管之后,复合材料的位错密度增加。但过多的加入量会导致增强体在晶界处发生团聚现象,在晶界处形成大块的黑色颗粒。
碳纳米管表面包覆镍层,能够改善增强体与基体之间的相容性,加强两者的结合性。碳纳米管表面的镍层与镁基体之间存在界面反应,生成界面相Mg2Ni。界面相的生成量与碳纳米管的含量有关。碳化硅颗粒与镁之间也存在界面反应,生成了中间相Mg2Si。
加入碳纳米管前后,镁基复合材料的断裂方式发生明显的变化。加入碳纳米管之后,复合材料的晶界得到了加强,促使裂纹转向晶粒内部扩散,从而形成穿晶断裂。但碳纳米管难以分散,在晶界的某些区域容易发生团聚,导致这些区域有利于裂纹的产生和扩散,形成沿晶断裂。并在断口表面发现少量韧窝,这是韧性断裂的特征。证明,CNTs/Mg复合材料的断裂方式是穿晶断裂为主、沿晶断裂和韧性断裂为辅的混合断裂方式。CNTs/SiCp/Mg与其类似。将基体材料换为AZ91D型镁合金之后,CNTs/AZ91D和CNTs/SiCp/AZ91D复合材料的断裂方式为韧性断裂和脆性断裂共存的混合断裂方式。
The research progress of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) modified magnesium matrix composites has been reviewed in this thesis.The interfacial behavior, microstructure, fracture properties of Mg-based composites, and the approach of the preparation of carbon nanotubes with nickel layers have been studied.The main results are listed as followings:
The CNTs have outstanding properties such as quasi-straight, fewer defects and they have the similar length and diameter, which were produced by using anode arc plasma method.The product has three styles.The ways of purification are due to their characteristic. The results show that the rod-like product contains mainly single-walled carbon nanotubes bundles, the film-like and network produce contain mainly single-walled carbon nanotubes and their bundles.
The CNTs with Ni coated layers were obtained by an electroless deposition process. The CNTs were chose by their degree of functional groups.The electrolessly deposited Ni layers are distributed on the individual tube homogenously.The heat-treatment caused the transformation of the amorphous Ni-P layers to the nanocrystalline Ni-P layers.The crystal structures of Ni in plating layer contain:hexagonal close-packed structure and face-centered cubic structure. The lattice has expanded.The CNTs with Ni metal nanoparticles coatings have been produced by using anode arc plasma method. The preparation principle has been analyzed.
The reinforcement of CNTs and SiCp could clearly refine the primary grains of magnesium matrix composite.The increase of dislocation density is due to the adding of CNTs.But the agglomeration would take place in the case of the degree of adding is too much.
The layers could improve weak interfacial bonding between CNTs and matrix.The formation of Mg2Ni is due to the reaction between Ni layers and Mg matrix.The formation of MgSi2 is due to the reaction between SiCp and Mg matrix.
The adding of CNTs leads the clearly difference in the fracture way of composites. The transgranular fracture is due to the adding of CNTs, which could enhance the grain boundary. But the agglomeration would induce intercrystalline fracture.The fracture way of the CNTs/SiCp/Mg was transgranular and intercrystalline fracture, and the later was not dominated.The fracture way of AZ91D/CNTs/SiCp is a mixed fracture, which contains cleavage, intercrystalline and gliding fracture.
引文
[1]刘正,张奎等.镁基轻质合金理论基础及其应用.北京：机械工业出版社,2002,16-35
[2]师昌绪,李恒德,王淀佐等.加速我国金属镁工业发展的建议.材料导报,2001,(4)：5-8
[3]A A Luo.Recent magnesium alloy development for elevated temperature applications.International Materials Reviews,2004,49(1):13-30
[4]Verlag F K, Touristik G. Future Developments in Light Metal Casting. Journal for Exploration Mining and Metallurgy,2000,53(9):517-528
[5]Capel H,Harris S J,Schulz P, et al.Correlation between manufacturing conditions and properties of carbon fibrereinforced Mg.Materials Science and Technology,2000,16:765-768
[6]郝元恺,肖加余.高性能复合材料学.北京：化学工业出版社,2004,83-99
[7]赵浩峰,薛更.金属基复合材料液态成型技术的研究及发展.材料导报,1997,11(2)：56-60
[8]张中太,林元华,唐子龙等.纳米材料及其技术的应用前景.材料工程,2000,3：42-48
[9]Lim S C V, Gupta M.Enhancing the microstructural and mechanical response of a Mg/SiC formulation by the method of reducing extrusion temperature.Materials Research Bulletin,2001,36:2627-2636
[10]Hong T W, Kim SK, Ha H S, et al.Microstructural evolution and semisolid forming of SiC particulate reinforced AZ91HP magnesium composites.Materials Science and Technology,2000,16:887-892
[11]Cal Y, Tan M J,Shen G J,et al.Mierostructure and heterogeneous nucleation phenomena in cast SiC particles reinforced magnesium composite.Materials Science and Engineering,2000, A282:232-239
[12]Sasaki G, Yoshida M,Fuyama N,et al.Modeling of compocasting process and fabrication of AZ91 magnesium alloy matrix composites.Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2002, 130-131:151-155
[13]Murty B S,Thakur S K, Dhindaw B K. On the infiltration behavior of Al,Al-Li,and Mg melts through SiCp bed.Metallurgical and Materials Transactions,2000,31A:319-327
[14]Zheng M Y, Wu Q,Liang H C, et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum borate whisker-reinforced magnesium matrix composites.Materials Letters,2002,57:558-564
[15]Jayalakshmi S,Kailas S V, Seshan S.Tensile behaviottr of squeeze cast AM100 magnesium alloy and its A1203 fibre reinforced composites. Composites,2002, A 33:1135-1140
[16]Ebert T, Moll F, Kainer KU.Spray forming of magnesium alloys and composites.Powder Metallurgy,1997,40(2):126-132
[17]Wang H Y, Jiang Qc, Li X L, et al.In situ synthesis of TiC/Mg composites in molten magnesium.Scripta Materialia,2003, 48:1349-1354
[18]孙志强,张荻,丁剑等.原位增强镁基复合材料研究进展与原位反应体系热力学.材料科学与工程,2002,20(4)：579-584
[19]郗雨林,张文兴,柴东琅等.粉末冶金法制备SiC颗粒增强镁基复合材料工艺及性能的研究.热加工工艺,2001,5：24--26
[20]Huard G, Angers R,Krishnadev M R et al.SiC/Mg composites made by low-energy mechanical processing.Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 1999,38(3):193-200
[21]Hong T W, Kim S K, Park G S,et al.Fabrication of Mg2NiHx from Mg and Ni chips by hydrogen induced planetary ball milling.Materials Transactions JIM,2000,41(3):393-398
[22]Jayalakshmi S,Kailas S V, Seshan S.Tensile behavior of squeeze cast AM100 magnesium alloy and its Al2O3 fiber reinforced composites. Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2002, 38(8):1135-1140
[23]Gao G H,Cagin T, Goddard W A.Energetics,structure,mechanical and Vibrational properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nanotechnology,1998,9:184-191
[24]Xu C L, We B Q,Ma J R Z, et al.Fabrication of aluminum carbon nanotube composites and their wlwctrical properties.Carbon,1999, 37:855-858
[25]易国军,陈小华,将文忠等.碳纳米管的表面改性与镍的包覆.中国有色金属学报,2004,14(3)：479-483
[26]Gan L H,Kuo C H.Carbon nanotube reinforced ceramics.Mater. Chem, 2001,11(6):1722-1725
[27]Zhang G D,Kuntz J D,Wan J, et al.Single-wall carbon nanotubes as attractive toughing agents in alumina-based nanocomposites.Nature Materials,2003,2:38-42
[28]W Kratschmer, L D Lamb,K Fostiropoulos,et al.Solid C60:a new form of carbon.Nature,1990,347:354-358
[29]S Iijima,T Ichihashi.Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1-nm diameter. Nature,1993,363:603-605
[30]R H Baughman,A A Zakhidov, W A de Heer. Carbon Nanotubes--the Route Toward Applications.Science,2002,297:787-792
[31]D Tasis,N Tagmatarchis, A Bianco, et al.Chemistry of Carbon Nanotubes.Chemical Reviews,2006,106:1105-1136
[32]Salvetat,J P, Bonard,J M.Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes. Applied physics A,1999,69(3):255-260
[33]Yu, M F, Lourie, et al. Strength and Breaking Mechanism of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Under Tensile Load.Science,2000,287: 637-640
[34]Qian,D,E.C,et al.Load transfer and deformation and mechanisms in carbon nanotube-polystyrene composites.Applied Physics Letters,2000, 76(20):2868-2870
[35]Lim,D S,et al.Effect of Carbon Nanotube Addition on the Tribological Behavior of Carbon/Carbon Composites.Wear,2002,252:512-517
[36]Li X,Gao H,et al.Nanomechanical Characterization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Epoxy Composites.Nanotechnology,2004, 15(11):1416-1423
[37]Gojny F H, Wichmann, et al. Carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy-composites:enhanced stiffness and fracture toughness at low nanotube content.Composites Science and Technology,2004, 64:2363-2371
[38]成会明.纳米碳管制备、结构、物性及应用.北京：化学工业出版社,2002,27-39
[39]王森,李振华,鲁阳等.纳米材料应用技术的新进展.材料科学与工程,2000,18(1)：103-105
[40]陈卫详,陈文录,徐铸德等.纳米碳管的特性及其高性能的复合材料.复合材料学报,2001,18(4)：2-5
[41]王浪云,徐江平,卢焕明等.多壁纳米碳管/Cu基复合材料的摩擦磨损特性.中国有色金属学报,2001,11(3)：367-371
[42]董树荣,涂江平,张孝彬.纳米碳管增强铜基复合材料的力学性能和物理性能.材料研究学报,2000,14(1)：132-136
[43]马仁志,朱艳秋,魏秉庆等.铁一巴基管复合材料的研究.复合材料学报,1997,14：90-93
[44]Pigney A, Jurent C H,Rousset A. Synthesie and characterixation of alumina matrix nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes. Engineering Materials,1997,132:743-746
[45]Laurent V, Jarry P, Regazzonid G. Processing-microsurteture relationships in compocast magnesiu/SiC.Jounral of Materials Seienee, 1992,27:4447-4459
[46]陈振华,严红革,陈吉华等.镁合金.北京：化学工业出版,2004,183-194
[47]Cai Y, Shen G J,Su H Q.The interface characteristics of as-cast SiCp/Mg(AZ80)composite.Scripta Materialia,1997,37(6):737-742
[48]Zheng M Y, Wu K, Kamado S,et al.Aging behavior of squeeze cast SiCw/AZ91 magnesium matrix composite.Materials Science and Engineering,2003, A348:67-75
[49]郝元凯,杨广平.SiC与镁的化学相容性基润湿性.第八届全国复合材料会议.北京：航空工业出版社,1994.342-345
[50]Inem B,Pollard G. Interface structure and fractography of a magnesium alloy metal matrix composite reinforced with SiC particles.Journal of Materials Science,1993,28:4427-4434
[51]Susumu Ara,et al.Ni-deposited multi-walled carbon nanotubes by electrodeposition. Carbon,2004,42:641-644
[52]安茂忠.电镀理论与技术.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2004,252-272.
[53]L M Ang,T S A Hor, et al.Decoration of activated carbon nanotubes with copper and nickel Carbon.2000,38:363-372
[54]Peng-Xiang Hou,Chang Liu,Hui-Ming Cheng.Purification of carbon nanotubes.Carbon,2008,46:2003-2025
[55]邹红铃,杨延莲,武斌等.CVD法制备单壁碳纳米管的纯化与表征.物理化学学报,2002,18(5)：409-413
[56]Tak Jeong, Kim W Y, Hahn Y B.A new purification method of single-wall carbon nanotubes using H2S and 02 mixture gas.Chem Phys Lett,2001,344:18-22
[57]王新庆,王森,李振华等.单壁碳纳米管的纯化研究.无机化学学报,2003,19(6)：594-598
[58]胡光辉,吴辉煌等.碳纳米管表面的无钯活化化学镀镍研究.电化学,2006,12：25-28
[59]Feng Wang, et al. Synthesis of carbon nanotube-supported nickel-phosphorus nanoparticles by an electroless process.Carbon, 2006,44:1307-1310
[60]张朝阳,魏锡.化学镀镍活化或诱发方法.表面技术,2002,31(6)：62-64
[61]Feng Wang,et al.The preparation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with a Ni-P coating by an electroless deposition process. Carbon,2005, 43:1716-1721
[62]魏智强,夏天东等.纳米镍粉体的晶格膨胀.物理学报,2007,56(2)：1004-1008
[63]张玲,彭述明,罗顺忠等.镁-镍基纳米/非晶储氢材料的研究进展及发展趋势.材料导报,2004,18(5)：79-84
[64]B.W. Chua,L. Lu,M.O.Lai.Influence of SiC particles on mechanical properties of Mg based composite,Composite Structures.1999,47: 595-601
[2]师昌绪,李恒德,王淀佐等.加速我国金属镁工业发展的建议.材料导报,2001,(4)：5-8
[3]A A Luo.Recent magnesium alloy development for elevated temperature applications.International Materials Reviews,2004,49(1):13-30
[4]Verlag F K, Touristik G. Future Developments in Light Metal Casting. Journal for Exploration Mining and Metallurgy,2000,53(9):517-528
[5]Capel H,Harris S J,Schulz P, et al.Correlation between manufacturing conditions and properties of carbon fibrereinforced Mg.Materials Science and Technology,2000,16:765-768
[6]郝元恺,肖加余.高性能复合材料学.北京：化学工业出版社,2004,83-99
[7]赵浩峰,薛更.金属基复合材料液态成型技术的研究及发展.材料导报,1997,11(2)：56-60
[8]张中太,林元华,唐子龙等.纳米材料及其技术的应用前景.材料工程,2000,3：42-48
[9]Lim S C V, Gupta M.Enhancing the microstructural and mechanical response of a Mg/SiC formulation by the method of reducing extrusion temperature.Materials Research Bulletin,2001,36:2627-2636
[10]Hong T W, Kim SK, Ha H S, et al.Microstructural evolution and semisolid forming of SiC particulate reinforced AZ91HP magnesium composites.Materials Science and Technology,2000,16:887-892
[11]Cal Y, Tan M J,Shen G J,et al.Mierostructure and heterogeneous nucleation phenomena in cast SiC particles reinforced magnesium composite.Materials Science and Engineering,2000, A282:232-239
[12]Sasaki G, Yoshida M,Fuyama N,et al.Modeling of compocasting process and fabrication of AZ91 magnesium alloy matrix composites.Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2002, 130-131:151-155
[13]Murty B S,Thakur S K, Dhindaw B K. On the infiltration behavior of Al,Al-Li,and Mg melts through SiCp bed.Metallurgical and Materials Transactions,2000,31A:319-327
[14]Zheng M Y, Wu Q,Liang H C, et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum borate whisker-reinforced magnesium matrix composites.Materials Letters,2002,57:558-564
[15]Jayalakshmi S,Kailas S V, Seshan S.Tensile behaviottr of squeeze cast AM100 magnesium alloy and its A1203 fibre reinforced composites. Composites,2002, A 33:1135-1140
[16]Ebert T, Moll F, Kainer KU.Spray forming of magnesium alloys and composites.Powder Metallurgy,1997,40(2):126-132
[17]Wang H Y, Jiang Qc, Li X L, et al.In situ synthesis of TiC/Mg composites in molten magnesium.Scripta Materialia,2003, 48:1349-1354
[18]孙志强,张荻,丁剑等.原位增强镁基复合材料研究进展与原位反应体系热力学.材料科学与工程,2002,20(4)：579-584
[19]郗雨林,张文兴,柴东琅等.粉末冶金法制备SiC颗粒增强镁基复合材料工艺及性能的研究.热加工工艺,2001,5：24--26
[20]Huard G, Angers R,Krishnadev M R et al.SiC/Mg composites made by low-energy mechanical processing.Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 1999,38(3):193-200
[21]Hong T W, Kim S K, Park G S,et al.Fabrication of Mg2NiHx from Mg and Ni chips by hydrogen induced planetary ball milling.Materials Transactions JIM,2000,41(3):393-398
[22]Jayalakshmi S,Kailas S V, Seshan S.Tensile behavior of squeeze cast AM100 magnesium alloy and its Al2O3 fiber reinforced composites. Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2002, 38(8):1135-1140
[23]Gao G H,Cagin T, Goddard W A.Energetics,structure,mechanical and Vibrational properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nanotechnology,1998,9:184-191
[24]Xu C L, We B Q,Ma J R Z, et al.Fabrication of aluminum carbon nanotube composites and their wlwctrical properties.Carbon,1999, 37:855-858
[25]易国军,陈小华,将文忠等.碳纳米管的表面改性与镍的包覆.中国有色金属学报,2004,14(3)：479-483
[26]Gan L H,Kuo C H.Carbon nanotube reinforced ceramics.Mater. Chem, 2001,11(6):1722-1725
[27]Zhang G D,Kuntz J D,Wan J, et al.Single-wall carbon nanotubes as attractive toughing agents in alumina-based nanocomposites.Nature Materials,2003,2:38-42
[28]W Kratschmer, L D Lamb,K Fostiropoulos,et al.Solid C60:a new form of carbon.Nature,1990,347:354-358
[29]S Iijima,T Ichihashi.Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1-nm diameter. Nature,1993,363:603-605
[30]R H Baughman,A A Zakhidov, W A de Heer. Carbon Nanotubes--the Route Toward Applications.Science,2002,297:787-792
[31]D Tasis,N Tagmatarchis, A Bianco, et al.Chemistry of Carbon Nanotubes.Chemical Reviews,2006,106:1105-1136
[32]Salvetat,J P, Bonard,J M.Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes. Applied physics A,1999,69(3):255-260
[33]Yu, M F, Lourie, et al. Strength and Breaking Mechanism of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Under Tensile Load.Science,2000,287: 637-640
[34]Qian,D,E.C,et al.Load transfer and deformation and mechanisms in carbon nanotube-polystyrene composites.Applied Physics Letters,2000, 76(20):2868-2870
[35]Lim,D S,et al.Effect of Carbon Nanotube Addition on the Tribological Behavior of Carbon/Carbon Composites.Wear,2002,252:512-517
[36]Li X,Gao H,et al.Nanomechanical Characterization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Epoxy Composites.Nanotechnology,2004, 15(11):1416-1423
[37]Gojny F H, Wichmann, et al. Carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy-composites:enhanced stiffness and fracture toughness at low nanotube content.Composites Science and Technology,2004, 64:2363-2371
[38]成会明.纳米碳管制备、结构、物性及应用.北京：化学工业出版社,2002,27-39
[39]王森,李振华,鲁阳等.纳米材料应用技术的新进展.材料科学与工程,2000,18(1)：103-105
[40]陈卫详,陈文录,徐铸德等.纳米碳管的特性及其高性能的复合材料.复合材料学报,2001,18(4)：2-5
[41]王浪云,徐江平,卢焕明等.多壁纳米碳管/Cu基复合材料的摩擦磨损特性.中国有色金属学报,2001,11(3)：367-371
[42]董树荣,涂江平,张孝彬.纳米碳管增强铜基复合材料的力学性能和物理性能.材料研究学报,2000,14(1)：132-136
[43]马仁志,朱艳秋,魏秉庆等.铁一巴基管复合材料的研究.复合材料学报,1997,14：90-93
[44]Pigney A, Jurent C H,Rousset A. Synthesie and characterixation of alumina matrix nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes. Engineering Materials,1997,132:743-746
[45]Laurent V, Jarry P, Regazzonid G. Processing-microsurteture relationships in compocast magnesiu/SiC.Jounral of Materials Seienee, 1992,27:4447-4459
[46]陈振华,严红革,陈吉华等.镁合金.北京：化学工业出版,2004,183-194
[47]Cai Y, Shen G J,Su H Q.The interface characteristics of as-cast SiCp/Mg(AZ80)composite.Scripta Materialia,1997,37(6):737-742
[48]Zheng M Y, Wu K, Kamado S,et al.Aging behavior of squeeze cast SiCw/AZ91 magnesium matrix composite.Materials Science and Engineering,2003, A348:67-75
[49]郝元凯,杨广平.SiC与镁的化学相容性基润湿性.第八届全国复合材料会议.北京：航空工业出版社,1994.342-345
[50]Inem B,Pollard G. Interface structure and fractography of a magnesium alloy metal matrix composite reinforced with SiC particles.Journal of Materials Science,1993,28:4427-4434
[51]Susumu Ara,et al.Ni-deposited multi-walled carbon nanotubes by electrodeposition. Carbon,2004,42:641-644
[52]安茂忠.电镀理论与技术.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2004,252-272.
[53]L M Ang,T S A Hor, et al.Decoration of activated carbon nanotubes with copper and nickel Carbon.2000,38:363-372
[54]Peng-Xiang Hou,Chang Liu,Hui-Ming Cheng.Purification of carbon nanotubes.Carbon,2008,46:2003-2025
[55]邹红铃,杨延莲,武斌等.CVD法制备单壁碳纳米管的纯化与表征.物理化学学报,2002,18(5)：409-413
[56]Tak Jeong, Kim W Y, Hahn Y B.A new purification method of single-wall carbon nanotubes using H2S and 02 mixture gas.Chem Phys Lett,2001,344:18-22
[57]王新庆,王森,李振华等.单壁碳纳米管的纯化研究.无机化学学报,2003,19(6)：594-598
[58]胡光辉,吴辉煌等.碳纳米管表面的无钯活化化学镀镍研究.电化学,2006,12：25-28
[59]Feng Wang, et al. Synthesis of carbon nanotube-supported nickel-phosphorus nanoparticles by an electroless process.Carbon, 2006,44:1307-1310
[60]张朝阳,魏锡.化学镀镍活化或诱发方法.表面技术,2002,31(6)：62-64
[61]Feng Wang,et al.The preparation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with a Ni-P coating by an electroless deposition process. Carbon,2005, 43:1716-1721
[62]魏智强,夏天东等.纳米镍粉体的晶格膨胀.物理学报,2007,56(2)：1004-1008
[63]张玲,彭述明,罗顺忠等.镁-镍基纳米/非晶储氢材料的研究进展及发展趋势.材料导报,2004,18(5)：79-84
[64]B.W. Chua,L. Lu,M.O.Lai.Influence of SiC particles on mechanical properties of Mg based composite,Composite Structures.1999,47: 595-601
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |