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涵洞施工弹塑性有限元模拟分析
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摘要
涵洞是埋设在填土下的输水建筑物,它在水利、交通、供排水工程中被广泛使用。本文通过研编弹塑性有限元程序,模拟并分析了涵洞施工全过程(包括:基坑开挖、涵洞主体施工、基坑及上覆土体回填)中计算域土体变形和应力的变化规律。
     用有限元法模拟分析涵洞基坑开挖时,采用分层、分步模拟开挖过程的方法,即将计算域内单元分层“挖去”,使开挖表面成为无应力表面的方法,分析土体在卸载状态时的应力场和位移场随开挖深度的变化规律;在洞体施工后,回填土体时,据开挖完成时的应力场、位移场,通过逐级增加计算域内的单元数目,施加每级新增加单元的自重荷载,利用有限元法模拟基坑及上覆土体分层填筑的施工过程,这不仅反映土体处于再加载应力状态时,填土受力及变形的一般规律,而且这种将地基——涵洞——土体作为一个统一整体进行模拟的方法,量化了三者之间的相互作用关系。
     用有限元法模拟分析这种施工过程,反映了土体在不同施工阶段的应力状态,体现了土体从基坑开挖时处于卸载应力状态到基坑及上覆土体回填时土体处于再加载应力状态这一应力路径对其变形和应力的影响。模拟分析再现了土体的非线性本构关系,得到了基坑开挖时土体变形和应力变化的一般规律;在基坑及上覆土体回填时,通过分层填筑的有限元模拟和地基、涵洞、土体三者相互作用的有限元分析,得到施工结束
    
    太原理工大学硕士学位论文
    时的位移场和应力场,同时求得涵洞的结构内力。
     整个施工过程的有限元模拟分析,真实反映场内各点的应
    力、应变(内力和位移),为涵洞的结构分析计算提供了客观、
    合理的结果,具有重要的实际意义,为涵洞这类构(建)筑物
    的施工提供参考、为设计提供科学依据。
The culvert is the works buried under the fillings, which is often used in Hydraulics, Communication, and Water supplying engineering. The whole procedure of construction, including foundation-pit excavation, the body construction and foundation-pit filling, was simulated and analyzed by using elastic-plastic FEM procedure programmed by myself. And the laws of stress field and displacement field were obtained.
    In the simulation and analysis on culvert construction, the method of foundation-pit excavation layer by layer and step by step was used, i.e. the method that makes the surface of excavation have no stress, when the elements were excavated gradually in period of construction. At this process, the state of soil is unloading, the laws of stress field and displacement field with the depth of excavation were studied. Based on the obtained stress field and displacement field after the excavation was completed, by using of the newly increased filling-elements' gravity and the grinding force, the simulation of the construction of body of the culvert and foundation-pit's filling layer by layer had also been done in this dissertation. The simulation not only reflected the laws of the filling soil's loading and deformation when it lied in reloading state, but also the real interaction between the foundation, the culvert and the body of soil was simulated and the relationship of them was quantified.
    Using the finite element method (FEM), the simulation and analysis on this construction process were carried on, and the different stress state of soil at different construction period was rendered. And the influence of different
    
    
    
    stress paths (foundation excavation-unloading & excavation filling-reloading) on the stress and the displacement was also reflected and researched. The law of non-linear constitutes of soil was presented in the simulation and analysis. Thus, the general laws of changing stress and strain or settlement at these two different states (unloading increasingly and reloading increasingly) were obtained and offered objectively.
    So, the field of stress and displacement obtained through this method of simulation was real and objective for the analysis and design of culvert structure. The simulation of the whole procedure of construction was very vital in construction practice. All these laws were good references to construction of the works like culverts and the most important basis for construction design and structural design.
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