矿山边坡裂隙岩体和排土场地下水流数值模拟研究
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摘要
在分析和评述裂隙岩体和排土场地下水运动研究现状的的基础上,针对矿山边坡裂隙岩体和排土场的具体介质特征和水文地质特征,提出有针对性的研究思路和方法,采用数值模拟方法对矿山边坡裂隙岩体和排土场地下水流特征进行研究,主要工作包括:
(1) 分析矿山岩体边坡的裂隙发育特征、岩体结构及其力学特征和水文地质边界条件,以及开挖卸载条件下裂隙法向变形性质,对应力作用下的矿山边坡裂隙岩体地下水流特征进行了分析研究。结果表明,考虑自重和开挖应力共同作用,即动态地根据边坡岩体的渗透参数的实际变化,进行矿山开采到某一开采水平或最终坑底时边坡地下水分布的预测分析,对边坡的稳定性有利;同等条件下,应力作用对于矿山边坡裂隙岩体地下水分布的影响比一般工程岩体边坡大。
(2) 从单个裂隙的角度出发,根据流量等效原则和有限元法思想,研究单个裂隙对岩体局部渗流行为的影响,即研究单个裂隙对单元渗透系数张量的影响,提出了基于单个裂隙的单元等效渗透系数张量计算公式,为采用较为成熟的连续介质模型计算方法来解决离散网络模型和离散介质-连续介质耦合模型地下水运动问题提供了有效的理论工具。算例模拟了矿山岩体边坡主干裂隙的导水作用,计算结果合理,克服了离散介质-连续介质耦合模型数学处理不易,二者之间水交换量难以确定的问题。
(3) 根据单个裂隙的单元等效渗透系数张量的表达式,提出基于三维随机裂隙网络的裂隙岩体地下水运动随机性有限元分析方法,算例分析表明,基于单元等效渗透系数张量,采用基于三维随机裂隙网络的裂隙岩体地下水运动随机性有限元分析方法分析三维随机裂隙网络地下水运动,反映了矿山边坡裂隙岩体地下水的随机性分布,克服了离散网络模型裂隙数量较多,模型规模庞大难以求解的问题。
(4) 评述岩体目前裂隙产状分析的方法,分析了两种裂隙模糊聚类方法即模糊等价聚类方法和模糊软划分聚类方法在岩体裂隙产状分析中的优缺点,将上述两种方法结合起来形成岩体结构面产状的综合模糊聚类分析方法,并给出具体的计算方法和过程及算例。论述裂隙岩体渗透系数张量和裂隙等效水力宽度的确定方法及数值反演模型,实数编码遗传算法反演裂隙岩体渗透系数张量和裂隙等效水力宽度的主要过程和算例。在裂隙参数分析基础上,实际计算分析应力作用下朱家包包铁矿南帮边坡裂隙岩体地下水流特征,并分析其对边坡稳定性的影响,结果表明,考虑开挖应力作用对矿山边坡裂隙岩体地下水分布的影响,边坡稳定性较不考虑开挖应力作用有较为明显的提高。
(5) 进行排土场水文地质分类和相应的地下水补给、迳流和排泄条件的分析,通过排土场降雨和地下水排泄实测数据的相关性分析,排土场降雨入渗和排泄过程的理想化概念模型,分析了排土场地下水运动特征,在此基础上,根据排土场水文地质边界条件和降雨汇流特征,提出适用性较为广泛的降雨汇流排土场饱和地下水运动分析有限元方法,实例计算结果浸润线较低,比较平缓,与实际情况相符。在降雨汇流排土场饱和地下水运动分析有限元方法的基础上,以非线性渗流的普遍表达式描述排土场饱和地下水的运动规律,并以此运动规律建立排土场饱和地下水运动的数学模型,实例计算结果表明,应用非线性渗流来计算降
Based on the analyzing and commenting on the researches of groundwater flow in fractured rock mass and waste dump , characteristic and numerical simulation for groundwater flow in slope fractured rock mass and waste dump of mine are studied, the main contents of this paper are showed as follows:(1)The fractures' characteristics , rock structures , hydro-geological boundary conditions and normal displace of fracture under unload stress are discussed and researched. The characteristics of groundwater flow in slope fractured rock mass of mine under stress are studied, the results show that simulation of groundwater flow under gravity and digging unload stress is beneficial to stability of mine rock slope, the influence on groundwater flow in slope fractured rock mass of mine is greater than that on groundwater flow in common slope fractured rock mass under same condition.(2)Based on the equivalent principle for the volume of flow and the theory of finite element method, the formula of equivalent hydraulic conductivity tensor based on single fracture for element is proposed, so the theoretic tool based on equivalent continuous model for discrete fracture netwok model and discrete- equivalent continuouse coupled model is provided. The drainage effect of artery fractures is simulated without mathematic difficutes of discrete- equivalent continuouse coupled model and flow exchange, the resalts are reasonable.(3) Based on the the formula of equivalent hydraulic conductivity tensor based on single fracture for element, the finite element method for stochastic characteristics of groundwater flow in fractured rock mass based on three-dimension stochastic fracture network is proposed. A case study shows that the results reflect the stochastic characteristics of groundwater flow in slope fractured rock mass of mine, without mathematic difficutes of discrete fracture netwok model.(4) Both the advantages and disadvantages of fuzzy clustering method and ISODATA fuzzy clustering method for fracture occurrences are analyzed, then combines the two fuzzy clustering methods into a synthetical fuzzy clustering method for fracture occurrences, the procedure and case of the synthetical fuzzy clustering method is proposed. The method and it's numerical inversion model for determining the hydraulic conductivity tensor of fractured rock mass and the equivalent hydraulic width of fracture are discussed, the procedure and case of their inversion by real number coding genetic algorithm is presented. Based on the determining of fracture data , the groundwater
flow characteristics in fractured rock mass of Zhujiabaobao iron mine south-slope under stress are analyzed, the influence of groundwater flow on stability of slope is discussed, the results show that a increasing on stability with influence of groundwater flow under digging unload stress.(5)The hydro-geological classificasion of mine waste dump and their infiltration supplement, run-off and drainage are analyzed. The groundwater flow characteristics of mine waste dump are discussed by analyzing the rainfall and groundwater flow drainage data of a waste dump, ideal conceptual model. According to the hydro-geological boundary conditions and rainfall convergence characteristics of mine waste dump, a general finite elemrnt method with rainfall convergence for saturated groundwater flow of waste dump is proposed. A case study shows a reasonable result Based on the general finite element method with rainfall convergence and nonlinear-seepage formula, a numerical model of groundwater flow in waste dump is established, a case results showed that nonlinear-seepage movement exists in all the seepage area of the waste dump. Therefore, the seepage modeling using nonlinear-seepage model is suitable and safe for mine waste dump.(6)The characteristics of composition structure, hydro-geological structure and settlement displace of mine waste dump are analyzed, a hydraulic parameter predictive method for unsaturated soil of mine waste dump under settlement displace is proposed, case study show a development of multi-layer saturated zone under rainfall with time, the decresing development of high water content zone under settlement displace and compaction of dumping equipment.
(1) 分析矿山岩体边坡的裂隙发育特征、岩体结构及其力学特征和水文地质边界条件,以及开挖卸载条件下裂隙法向变形性质,对应力作用下的矿山边坡裂隙岩体地下水流特征进行了分析研究。结果表明,考虑自重和开挖应力共同作用,即动态地根据边坡岩体的渗透参数的实际变化,进行矿山开采到某一开采水平或最终坑底时边坡地下水分布的预测分析,对边坡的稳定性有利;同等条件下,应力作用对于矿山边坡裂隙岩体地下水分布的影响比一般工程岩体边坡大。
(2) 从单个裂隙的角度出发,根据流量等效原则和有限元法思想,研究单个裂隙对岩体局部渗流行为的影响,即研究单个裂隙对单元渗透系数张量的影响,提出了基于单个裂隙的单元等效渗透系数张量计算公式,为采用较为成熟的连续介质模型计算方法来解决离散网络模型和离散介质-连续介质耦合模型地下水运动问题提供了有效的理论工具。算例模拟了矿山岩体边坡主干裂隙的导水作用,计算结果合理,克服了离散介质-连续介质耦合模型数学处理不易,二者之间水交换量难以确定的问题。
(3) 根据单个裂隙的单元等效渗透系数张量的表达式,提出基于三维随机裂隙网络的裂隙岩体地下水运动随机性有限元分析方法,算例分析表明,基于单元等效渗透系数张量,采用基于三维随机裂隙网络的裂隙岩体地下水运动随机性有限元分析方法分析三维随机裂隙网络地下水运动,反映了矿山边坡裂隙岩体地下水的随机性分布,克服了离散网络模型裂隙数量较多,模型规模庞大难以求解的问题。
(4) 评述岩体目前裂隙产状分析的方法,分析了两种裂隙模糊聚类方法即模糊等价聚类方法和模糊软划分聚类方法在岩体裂隙产状分析中的优缺点,将上述两种方法结合起来形成岩体结构面产状的综合模糊聚类分析方法,并给出具体的计算方法和过程及算例。论述裂隙岩体渗透系数张量和裂隙等效水力宽度的确定方法及数值反演模型,实数编码遗传算法反演裂隙岩体渗透系数张量和裂隙等效水力宽度的主要过程和算例。在裂隙参数分析基础上,实际计算分析应力作用下朱家包包铁矿南帮边坡裂隙岩体地下水流特征,并分析其对边坡稳定性的影响,结果表明,考虑开挖应力作用对矿山边坡裂隙岩体地下水分布的影响,边坡稳定性较不考虑开挖应力作用有较为明显的提高。
(5) 进行排土场水文地质分类和相应的地下水补给、迳流和排泄条件的分析,通过排土场降雨和地下水排泄实测数据的相关性分析,排土场降雨入渗和排泄过程的理想化概念模型,分析了排土场地下水运动特征,在此基础上,根据排土场水文地质边界条件和降雨汇流特征,提出适用性较为广泛的降雨汇流排土场饱和地下水运动分析有限元方法,实例计算结果浸润线较低,比较平缓,与实际情况相符。在降雨汇流排土场饱和地下水运动分析有限元方法的基础上,以非线性渗流的普遍表达式描述排土场饱和地下水的运动规律,并以此运动规律建立排土场饱和地下水运动的数学模型,实例计算结果表明,应用非线性渗流来计算降
Based on the analyzing and commenting on the researches of groundwater flow in fractured rock mass and waste dump , characteristic and numerical simulation for groundwater flow in slope fractured rock mass and waste dump of mine are studied, the main contents of this paper are showed as follows:(1)The fractures' characteristics , rock structures , hydro-geological boundary conditions and normal displace of fracture under unload stress are discussed and researched. The characteristics of groundwater flow in slope fractured rock mass of mine under stress are studied, the results show that simulation of groundwater flow under gravity and digging unload stress is beneficial to stability of mine rock slope, the influence on groundwater flow in slope fractured rock mass of mine is greater than that on groundwater flow in common slope fractured rock mass under same condition.(2)Based on the equivalent principle for the volume of flow and the theory of finite element method, the formula of equivalent hydraulic conductivity tensor based on single fracture for element is proposed, so the theoretic tool based on equivalent continuous model for discrete fracture netwok model and discrete- equivalent continuouse coupled model is provided. The drainage effect of artery fractures is simulated without mathematic difficutes of discrete- equivalent continuouse coupled model and flow exchange, the resalts are reasonable.(3) Based on the the formula of equivalent hydraulic conductivity tensor based on single fracture for element, the finite element method for stochastic characteristics of groundwater flow in fractured rock mass based on three-dimension stochastic fracture network is proposed. A case study shows that the results reflect the stochastic characteristics of groundwater flow in slope fractured rock mass of mine, without mathematic difficutes of discrete fracture netwok model.(4) Both the advantages and disadvantages of fuzzy clustering method and ISODATA fuzzy clustering method for fracture occurrences are analyzed, then combines the two fuzzy clustering methods into a synthetical fuzzy clustering method for fracture occurrences, the procedure and case of the synthetical fuzzy clustering method is proposed. The method and it's numerical inversion model for determining the hydraulic conductivity tensor of fractured rock mass and the equivalent hydraulic width of fracture are discussed, the procedure and case of their inversion by real number coding genetic algorithm is presented. Based on the determining of fracture data , the groundwater
flow characteristics in fractured rock mass of Zhujiabaobao iron mine south-slope under stress are analyzed, the influence of groundwater flow on stability of slope is discussed, the results show that a increasing on stability with influence of groundwater flow under digging unload stress.(5)The hydro-geological classificasion of mine waste dump and their infiltration supplement, run-off and drainage are analyzed. The groundwater flow characteristics of mine waste dump are discussed by analyzing the rainfall and groundwater flow drainage data of a waste dump, ideal conceptual model. According to the hydro-geological boundary conditions and rainfall convergence characteristics of mine waste dump, a general finite elemrnt method with rainfall convergence for saturated groundwater flow of waste dump is proposed. A case study shows a reasonable result Based on the general finite element method with rainfall convergence and nonlinear-seepage formula, a numerical model of groundwater flow in waste dump is established, a case results showed that nonlinear-seepage movement exists in all the seepage area of the waste dump. Therefore, the seepage modeling using nonlinear-seepage model is suitable and safe for mine waste dump.(6)The characteristics of composition structure, hydro-geological structure and settlement displace of mine waste dump are analyzed, a hydraulic parameter predictive method for unsaturated soil of mine waste dump under settlement displace is proposed, case study show a development of multi-layer saturated zone under rainfall with time, the decresing development of high water content zone under settlement displace and compaction of dumping equipment.
引文
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