复杂刚性钢结构施工过程力学模拟及计算方法研究
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摘要
随着我国综合国力的提高和经济的发展,建筑形式呈现出多样化的发展趋势。现代钢结构正朝着高、大、复的方向发展,复杂钢结构的大跨、高层建筑愈来愈多,它们在施工过程中的力学问题也越来越受到广泛的关注。施工过程中的结构形式和设计成形状态有很大差别,施工“路径”和方式对复杂结构的建造过程以及最终成形的竣工状态都有很大影响,与一次成形的设计状态下的分析结果有较大差别,需在结构设计和施工中加以考虑。本文以几个著名的钢结构工程为背景,对复杂刚性钢结构施工过程力学模拟中的一些计算方法进行了较为深入和系统的研究,在现有方法的基础上提出了一些改进的实用计算方法。本文的主要研究工作及创新点如下:
(1)根据桥梁施工力学中构件安装的三大定位原则,提出适用于建筑工程安装过程的第四定位原则。
(2)针对直接生死单元法的“漂移”现象,提出了一种改进方法——局部位形约束生死单元法,以抑制直接生死单元法中“死”单元的“漂移”,并给出在现有有限元平台上具体实现的计算流程。
(3)在已有的四种预变形方法的基础上,提出了一种改进的预变形计算方法——局部位形约束正装迭代法,以抑制正装迭代法中“死”单元的“漂移”,并给出在现有有限元平台上具体实现的计算流程。
(4)应用本文提出的计算方法对几种类型的复杂刚性钢结构实际工程进行了施工过程力学模拟,并对施工过程中的关键技术问题如何在力学模拟中实现提出了相应的解决方法。
1)对法门寺合十舍利塔主塔结构施工过程中的关键技术问题进行研究,探讨施工力学模拟方法在这种体型复杂的超高层建筑中的应用。采用局部位形生死单元法对两种施工方案进行了施工过程力学模拟,提出了从力学角度出发的施工方案优选的原则,并用力学模拟结果进行了方案优选。采用局部位形约束正装迭代法进行了法门寺合十舍利塔主塔结构的预变形计算,并按确定的预变形位形进行了正序安装施工过程力学模拟。本工程的施工过程力学模拟获得了良好的效果,成功指导了实际施工。
2)对大运会主体育场的钢屋盖主体结构的安装过程进行了施工过程力学模拟分析。分析结果指导了施工中的关键技术问题——卸载方案的确定,并对确定后的卸载方案进行了专项施工过程分析。针对本工程胎架上千斤顶的设置方式和卸载特点,提出了温控千斤顶单元法模拟施工阶段的卸载状况,在整个卸载过程中进行了应力和变形监控,理论值和实测值吻合良好,施工过程力学模拟取得了很好的效果。
3)对新白云机场机库钢屋盖工程的整体提升过程进行了力学模拟,对提升过程中的关键技术问题进行分析和研究,并对提升点的力学模型提出了一种改进的方法,很好的模拟了实际施工过程中提升点的受力状态;将提升过程中提升点位移差对结构的影响进行分析,对提升状态不利组合的选取提出一种具体的定量判断方法,比以往定性选择不利组合的方法更为科学可靠。对整体提升技术进行施工力学模拟的分析方法在实际工程取得了良好的效果,是切实可行的。
Along with the increase in China's overall strength and economic development, the direction of development of modern steel structure is high, big and complex. During the construction process in this complex rigid steel structure different construction procedures will lead to different internal force and deformation distribution. There is a great difference in internal force and deformation distribution between according to design model one time loading and according to step-by-step construction process. They have to be considered in the structural design and construction. It is necessary to analyze the construction procedures in order to making reasonable construction measures and guaranteeing the safety of structure during the construction and the internal force and deformation of the construction completed structure to meet the requirement given by designers. In this paper several calculating methods during construction process of complex rigid steel structures are intensively studied and get some new practical calculating methods. In several actual projects the new calculating methods are used to analyze the construction procedures according to the real construction process in order to finding the actual internal force and deformation and determining reasonable construction measures. The main research work in this paper includes:
(1) According to the three positioning principles of structural components in bridge construction mechanics the 4th positioning principle is put forward for the general building.
(2) According to the principles of element’s“floating”for the direct element birth and death technology a new method named local configuration constraint birth and death element method is put forward to solve the question of element’s“floating”.
(3) On the basis of the four existing pre-set deformation methods a new one named local configuration constraint forward iteration method is put forward to solve the question of element’s“floating”in the forward iteration method.
(4) In several actual projects the new calculating methods are used to analyze the construction procedures according to the real construction process in order to researching the application of those methods.
1) Through the research of the key technical problems during the construction process in the project of Heshi Dagoba of Famen Temple, this paper discusses the application of the methods of mechanical emulation during construction process in this kind of complex tall building.
2) Through the analysis of mechanics emulation during construction process of the main palaestra of the world university games, this paper discusses the application of the calculation methods during construction process in this kind of complex big span steel structure.
3) In construction of the steel roof of the Guangzhou New Baiyun International Airport Maintain Garage a computer-controlled multi-suspension-centers hydraumatic synchronizing lifting construction technology was adopted. This paper considers the displacement difference and the mechanics emulation of the lifting points to analyze the lifting process and find out how to estimate the influence of the displacement difference of the lifting points.
(1)根据桥梁施工力学中构件安装的三大定位原则,提出适用于建筑工程安装过程的第四定位原则。
(2)针对直接生死单元法的“漂移”现象,提出了一种改进方法——局部位形约束生死单元法,以抑制直接生死单元法中“死”单元的“漂移”,并给出在现有有限元平台上具体实现的计算流程。
(3)在已有的四种预变形方法的基础上,提出了一种改进的预变形计算方法——局部位形约束正装迭代法,以抑制正装迭代法中“死”单元的“漂移”,并给出在现有有限元平台上具体实现的计算流程。
(4)应用本文提出的计算方法对几种类型的复杂刚性钢结构实际工程进行了施工过程力学模拟,并对施工过程中的关键技术问题如何在力学模拟中实现提出了相应的解决方法。
1)对法门寺合十舍利塔主塔结构施工过程中的关键技术问题进行研究,探讨施工力学模拟方法在这种体型复杂的超高层建筑中的应用。采用局部位形生死单元法对两种施工方案进行了施工过程力学模拟,提出了从力学角度出发的施工方案优选的原则,并用力学模拟结果进行了方案优选。采用局部位形约束正装迭代法进行了法门寺合十舍利塔主塔结构的预变形计算,并按确定的预变形位形进行了正序安装施工过程力学模拟。本工程的施工过程力学模拟获得了良好的效果,成功指导了实际施工。
2)对大运会主体育场的钢屋盖主体结构的安装过程进行了施工过程力学模拟分析。分析结果指导了施工中的关键技术问题——卸载方案的确定,并对确定后的卸载方案进行了专项施工过程分析。针对本工程胎架上千斤顶的设置方式和卸载特点,提出了温控千斤顶单元法模拟施工阶段的卸载状况,在整个卸载过程中进行了应力和变形监控,理论值和实测值吻合良好,施工过程力学模拟取得了很好的效果。
3)对新白云机场机库钢屋盖工程的整体提升过程进行了力学模拟,对提升过程中的关键技术问题进行分析和研究,并对提升点的力学模型提出了一种改进的方法,很好的模拟了实际施工过程中提升点的受力状态;将提升过程中提升点位移差对结构的影响进行分析,对提升状态不利组合的选取提出一种具体的定量判断方法,比以往定性选择不利组合的方法更为科学可靠。对整体提升技术进行施工力学模拟的分析方法在实际工程取得了良好的效果,是切实可行的。
Along with the increase in China's overall strength and economic development, the direction of development of modern steel structure is high, big and complex. During the construction process in this complex rigid steel structure different construction procedures will lead to different internal force and deformation distribution. There is a great difference in internal force and deformation distribution between according to design model one time loading and according to step-by-step construction process. They have to be considered in the structural design and construction. It is necessary to analyze the construction procedures in order to making reasonable construction measures and guaranteeing the safety of structure during the construction and the internal force and deformation of the construction completed structure to meet the requirement given by designers. In this paper several calculating methods during construction process of complex rigid steel structures are intensively studied and get some new practical calculating methods. In several actual projects the new calculating methods are used to analyze the construction procedures according to the real construction process in order to finding the actual internal force and deformation and determining reasonable construction measures. The main research work in this paper includes:
(1) According to the three positioning principles of structural components in bridge construction mechanics the 4th positioning principle is put forward for the general building.
(2) According to the principles of element’s“floating”for the direct element birth and death technology a new method named local configuration constraint birth and death element method is put forward to solve the question of element’s“floating”.
(3) On the basis of the four existing pre-set deformation methods a new one named local configuration constraint forward iteration method is put forward to solve the question of element’s“floating”in the forward iteration method.
(4) In several actual projects the new calculating methods are used to analyze the construction procedures according to the real construction process in order to researching the application of those methods.
1) Through the research of the key technical problems during the construction process in the project of Heshi Dagoba of Famen Temple, this paper discusses the application of the methods of mechanical emulation during construction process in this kind of complex tall building.
2) Through the analysis of mechanics emulation during construction process of the main palaestra of the world university games, this paper discusses the application of the calculation methods during construction process in this kind of complex big span steel structure.
3) In construction of the steel roof of the Guangzhou New Baiyun International Airport Maintain Garage a computer-controlled multi-suspension-centers hydraumatic synchronizing lifting construction technology was adopted. This paper considers the displacement difference and the mechanics emulation of the lifting points to analyze the lifting process and find out how to estimate the influence of the displacement difference of the lifting points.
引文
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